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Adolescence is acknowledged as a critical transition stage in human development, during which factors such as family environment, psychological well-being, and emotional competencies are deemed crucial for optimal growth. Objective: A descriptive study with a quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional approach was conducted to investigate: (1) how psychological well-being, emotional intelligence, and levels of family functioning are associated with each other; (2) the presence of gender disparities in psychological well-being, emotional intelligence, and family functioning; and (3) the identification of significant differences in psychological well-being and emotional intelligence based on family functioning. Methods: Participants were recruited from six different high schools in Spain. In total, 1092 secondary school students (584 females and 508 males) aged 12–17 years (M = 14.15) completed a series of instruments that were administered in person. Subsequently, data were statistically analysed and processed. Results: A positive correlation between family functioning, psychological well-being, and emotional intelligence was observed. In addition, significant gender differences were found in measures of psychological well-being, emotional intelligence, and family functioning. Finally, higher mean scores were identified for the high-functionality group when compared to the moderate-functionality and severe-dysfunctionality groups in both psychological well-being and emotional intelligence measures. Conclusions: The authors conclude by considering the family context as a key factor in adolescent development and propose future practical applications, such as programmes aimed at improving psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maxillary sinus membrane perforation has been reported as the most common intraoperative complication during sinus augmentation, potentially leading to postoperative infection and consequent loss of graft or even implant failure. Numerous anatomical factors have been demonstrated to affect membrane tearing. However, careful use of proper instrumentation, such as a reamer, seems to play an important role in minimizing the incidence of these complications. Hence, the aim of the present study was to (1) investigate the reliability of reamer drilling for lateral window preparation; (2) examine the incidence of membrane perforation; and (3) study the factors that might influence membrane perforation. Results from this study showed the safety and effectiveness of using a reamer to perform lateral window approach sinus augmentation. The sinus membrane perforation rate was found to be 12.5%. A slightly higher perforation rate was noted in thinner maxillary lateral walls (< 1.25 mm). The authors concluded that reamer drilling is a safe and effective alternate technique for opening the lateral window wall when the lateral wall thickness is ≥ 1.25mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Short- or long-term implant survival and success are related to peri-implant marginal bone loss (MBL), among other key factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of clinical and implant-related variables in MBL over a long-term follow-up. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 558 implants in 172 patients was conducted, analyzing the relationship between MBL and clinical, implant-related, and prosthetic design-related variables. MBL was measured on digital radiographs with specific software, using implant threads as reference. Results: Linear mixed analysis revealed the following significant effects: a lower mean MBL for type IV bone (0.047 mm/year, 95% Cl [-0.019, 0.119]) than for type III bone (0.086 mm/year, 95% Cl [0.038, 0.138]), type II bone (0.112 mm/year, 95% Cl [0.070, 0.167]), or type I bone (0.138 mm/year, 95% Cl [0.052, 0.23]); an increased MBL of 0.033 mm/year for each increment of 1 mm in diameter (95% Cl [0.002, 0.065]); a lower mean MBL in smooth implants (0.103 mm/year, 95% Cl [0.090, 0.117]) vs rough implants (0.122 mm/year, 95% Ci [0.102, 0.142]). The mean MBL was > 0 mm/year for all prostheses except for fixed complete dental prostheses. Conclusion: Within the limits of a retrospective follow-up study, a lower mean peri-implant MBL was associated with type IV bone, a smaller diameter, a smooth surface, and a fixed complete dental prosthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure good fertilization, it is necessary to know the optimum nutrient levels for each crop. The most common method for obtaining this information for almond trees is to perform a foliar analysis coupled with the use of interpretive tools such as the traditional range of normality. However, currently, there are other, more sophisticated methods such as the DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) and the CND (Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis) which take into account the relationship between nutrients. However, little information is available with respect to these methods in the case of almond trees. In the present work, 288 samples of three contrasting varieties of almond were analyzed—Ferraduel, Ferragnes, and Garrigues (Prunus dulcis, Mill.)—corresponding to bi-weekly sampling between the months of May and September. Leaf analysis data, run with different mathematical and statistical models, lead to knowledge of the optimum period for harvesting samples and the determination of the ranges of normality and norms of DRIS and CND for the Ferraduel, Ferragnes, and Garrigues varieties. Data gained from the leaf nutrient content reported that the best season to harvest and interpret leaf samples was July. In addition, Ferraduel and Ferragnes had higher N, P, and K (2.22, 0.14, and 1.04 mg Kg−1 dw, respectively) than Garrigues (2.00, 0.09. 0.67 mg Kg−1 dw). The norms obtained with the leaf mineral data showed similar values between the Ferraduel and Ferragnes varieties but different values for Garrigues variety. Therefore, Garriges had the highest N/P, N/K, P/K, and P × Mg norms in the DRIS method and the highest VN and VCa norms in the CND method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Potential forest interactions across development stages were characterised by single and joint SDM. • Temperature of the coldest month and precipitation were key variables for A. pinsapo. • Pinsapo was negatively related to Q. faginea and P. halepensis while positively to Juniperus species. • Pinsapo populations located at the low elevation distribution area are the most vulnerable. • This abiotic stress will be exacerbated by competition dynamics of competing species. Variations in temperature and rainfall patterns due to climate change will lead to alterations in the potential habitat of species. This change will affect the interactions between species, being more evident in vulnerable species with fragmented habitat. This study aims to test the importance of abiotic and biotic factors determining the niche of threatened species in mountainous conifer forests. We used as study case the endangered Abies pinsapo in Southern Spain to understand its co-occurrence patterns in relation to the distribution and habitat suitability of key competing species. We estimated the intensity of interactions in relation to environmental gradients and development stage by single and joint species distribution models using a Bayesian approach in combination with niche overlap metric methods. Average temperature of the coldest month and precipitation were key variables shaping the current distribution of A. pinsapo. The ensemble potential distribution of the species showed very high overlap with the distribution of A. pinsapo. The joint species distribution model showed a potential negative interaction between A. pinsapo and the adults of Q. faginea and P. halepensis and positively with Juniperus species. A. pinsapo populations located at the low elevation distribution area are the most vulnerable, ultimately triggering a shift towards higher altitudes in a context of climate change. This abiotic stress will be exacerbated by competition dynamics of competing species from lower altitudes. This likely shift is shared by other mountain conifer species, with a success in survival limited by the availability of suitable area at higher altitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Given the availability of laparoscopy and the rising detection of incidentalomas, indications for adrenalectomy may be changing. The Endocrine Surgery Section of the Spanish Association of Surgeons designed a survey to assess its indications, techniques, and results in Spanish Surgical Departments. Methods: Collected data included hospital and department type, yearly hospital volume of procedures; location studies and preoperative preparation performed, indications, surgical approach and instruments used, and results in terms of morbidity and overall hospital stay. The analysis included a comparison between results of high- or low-volume centers and surgeons, using the Student's t test for quantitative and chi-square test for qualitative variables. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Nineteen centers returned the questionnaire, including 155 adrenalectomies performed in 2008. Most frequent indications were pheochromocytoma (23.2%), aldosteronoma (16.7%), incidentaloma (12.2%), metastasis (10.3%), Cushing adenoma (9.6%), and carcinoma (3.8%). Laparoscopy was performed in 83.9% of cases (9.4% required conversion to laparotomy). Four patients required urgent reoperation. Average hospital stay: 4.6 days (3.3 days after laparoscopy, 7 days after laparotomy). High-volume centers had a greater proportion of laparoscopically treated cases ( p = 0.008), more malignant lesions treated ( p = 0.03), a shorter overall stay ( p < 0.0001), and a shorter stay after laparotomic adrenalectomy ( p = 0.01). High-volume surgeons had similar results, and less in-hospital morbidity ( p = 0.02). Conclusions: In Spain, adrenalectomy is performed in hospitals of varying complexity. Laparoscopic approach is the rule, with good results in terms of morbidty and stay. High-volume centers and surgeons had best results in terms of use of minimally invasive surgery and hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mediterranean Abies ecosystems are increasingly exposed to mortality processes. • We quantified the loss of vitality for the endangered and relict Abies pinsapo forest. • A. pinsapo shows high vulnerability to drought stress and pests. • Mortality rates increased in response to defoliation, relative radial-growth rate, droughts and incidence of A. mellea. Forest ecosystems are increasingly exposed to the combined pressure of climate change and attacks by pests and pathogens. These stress factors can threaten already vulnerable species triggering dieback and rising defoliation and mortality rates. To characterize abiotic (drought, climate warmings) and biotic (pathogens) risks and their spatiotemporal patterns we quantified the recent loss of vitality for the endangered and relict Abies pinsapo forests from Andalusia, south-eastern Spain. Abies pinsapo is an iconic Mediterranean fir showing a high vulnerability to drought stress and also to several pests (Cryphalus numidicus) and root rot fungi (Armillaria mellea). We analyzed a monitoring network dataset of radial growth, defoliation and mortality from 2001 to 2017 including 1025 trees situated in three major mountain ranges (Sierra de Grazalema, Sierra de las Nieves, and Sierra Bermeja). We fitted several statistical models to determine the main drivers of changes in defoliation, a proxy of tree vigor, and mortality. Defoliation and mortality rates were much higher towards the East of the study area, mirroring the gradient from Atlantic to Mediterranean climatic conditions. In the most affected stands tree defoliation increased in response to a combination of long and severe droughts, with attacks by the beetle C. numidicus. Mortality rates increased in response to a higher defoliation rate, a lower relative radial-growth rate, long and severe droughts and a higher incidence of A. mellea. Our findings illustrate the value of monitoring networks recording changes in forest health to quantify and forecast future vulnerability of threatened tree species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Quercus ecosystems have been affected globally by decline episodes. • Forest health monitoring networks are a relevant tool for understanding tree defoliation and mortality. • Variation in defoliation and mortality was linked to temperature, drought, and soil organic matter. • Forest health networks are crucial for adaptive forest management strategies. Quercus ecosystems have been affected globally by decline episodes, involving extreme defoliation and mortality events, during recent decades. Both abiotic and biotic factors seem to trigger these processes, including the spread of non-native invasive pathogens (e.g., Phytophthora spp.). However, we have limited understanding of how these factors interact in a spatio-temporal context. Regional forest health monitoring networks are a relevant but rarely used tool that enables us to disentangle the patterns of tree defoliation and mortality over time in relation to environmental and silvicultural drivers. In this study, we used a combination of statistical approaches (i.e., Kaplan-Meier, Kernel Density Estimation and generalized mixed models) to analyse 3635 records of oak trees (152 plots) from the Regional Forest Health Network of Andalusia (Spain) (2001–2016, ICP Level I). In this way, we studied the spatio-temporal variation of defoliation and mortality in dehesas of Quercus spp. in relation to oomycetes occurrence and the average and annual values of environmental factors related to oak decline. The annual defoliation and mortality were correlated with the mean annual temperature, Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI 18 summer and 1 spring) and soil organic matter content. The effect of oomycetes on forest decline was mediated by environmental factors, having greater importance in rich soils and wet years. These results imply that variation in defoliation and mortality is clearly linked to relevant spatio-temporal changes in environmental factors. Regional forest health networks are a crucial part of adaptive forest management strategies to significantly narrow the uncertainty regarding climate change impacts on Mediterranean oak woodland ecosystems. The timely information provided here could lead to better silvicultural practices, preventive measures against the spread of the oomycete and the implementation of early warning tools, to deliver accurate assessments of the defoliation and mortality risk on a meaningful spatio-temporal scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]