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Introduction: The aim of this study is to analyze the role that Perceived Emotional Intelligence and social competences have on academic performance. Furthermore, we analyze the role of teacher's expectancies on performance in secondary school students. Method: One hundred ninety three students (50.7% male and 49.3 % female) from the first and second cycle of secondary school ("M" = 14.1 years; "DT" = 1.39; range from 11 to 16 years old), completed a self-report evaluating Perceived Emotional Intelligence (TMMS-24), and Social Attitudes (AECS). Academic performance was assessed by individual marks and an ad hoc Likert scale that comprised different behaviour indices assessed teachers' expectancies about performance. Results: Our results show that prosocial attitudes predicted positively and significantly, not only students' academic performance but Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI) as well. Teachers' expectancies also play an important role in this prediction. Discussion: Our study reflects that social behavior impacts academic performance. Furthermore, other variables as perceived emotional intelligence and teacher's expectancies have an important role. The implications of these results on education are discussed. (Contains 7 tables and 1 figure.)

Studies on both transformational leadership and emotional intelligence have analyzed the relationship between emotions and leadership. Yet the relationships among these concepts and gender roles have not been documented. In this study, we investigated the relations among transformational leadership, emotional intelligence, and gender stereotypes. Four hundred thirty-one Spanish undergraduates (162 men and 269 women; mean age = 19.56 years) in three different disciplines completed a questionnaire including scales for measuring emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, and gender identity. Results showed important differences across the different disciplines and illustrated that emotional intelligence and gender roles predict transformational leadership. These results are interpreted in line with current research on the topic of leadership and emotional intelligence. (Contains 2 tables and 2 footnotes.)

In an examination of aspirations for leadership in the United States and Spain, male and female students envisioned themselves as a chief executive officer, vice president, or mid-level manager in an industry with a feminine image (clothing manufacturing) or a masculine image (auto manufacturing). Although men and women perceived these roles as equally positive, women perceived them as less possible and less facilitative of close relationships and gender relationships. Other gender effects included more positive perceptions of the roles by women in the feminine industry and by men in the masculine industry. Cross-nationally men perceived the roles as more positive than women did only in Spain, and U.S. students perceived the roles as more possible than Spanish students did.

Aim: The present study investigated the adverse effects of daily experienced incivility and the positive role of daily social support during the workday in predicting daily emotional exhaustion after work and vitality and positive affect at bedtime. Background: Despite the broad knowledge of the impact of experienced incivility in different occupations, little is known about day‐to‐day nurse incivility, much less in the hospital context. Method: After completing a general questionnaire, hospital nurses (n = 96) completed a diary questionnaire twice a day for five consecutive workdays (n = 480 diary observations). The diary design had two levels: 5‐day repeated measures (Level 1, day level) nested in persons (Level 2, person level) using an experience‐sampling methodology. Results: Multilevel hierarchical analyses showed that incivility during the workday increased emotional exhaustion after work (t = 3.00, p = <0.05) and reduced vitality (t = −2.48, p = 0.05) and positive affect (t = −2.23, p = 0.05) at bedtime. However, daily social support during the workday was a crucial job resource that directly benefited hospital nurses' daily wellbeing (t = 5.19, p = 0.01 vitality; t = 4.89, p = 0.01 positive affect) and buffered the adverse effects of daily workplace incivility (t = −2.33, p = 0.05). Conclusion: The within‐person approach of our findings suggests that supportive practices can reduce day‐to‐day incivility spirals. Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse managers can promote a civility culture within their units using in service training programmes at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Role Congruity Theory, we tested the hypothesis of gender bias by examining gender differences in observers' evaluations of the awareness and acceptability of workplace incivility gender‐dyad interaction. Three hundred and ninety‐six Spanish high school students (55.3% female) read one scenario of overt incivility (publicly humiliates and openly doubts the employee's judgment) or covert (omits and pays little attention) from a leader (female vs. male) toward a subordinate (female vs. male) in engineering. Results indicated gender differences among observers. From the leader actor of incivility, males were more aware and accepted less the incivility when performed by a female leader in a male domain; whereas females were more aware and accepted less incivility than males in all cases. Regarding the subordinate target of incivility, only females were more aware and accepted less incivility, and both males and females were more aware and accepted less covert incivility. Our results reveal practical implications for interventions from a gender perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the role of Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI) on sources of job stress and mental health in 250 elementary school teachers from Jaén (Spain). The aim of the study was two-fold: (1) to analyze the associations between Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI), sources of occupational stress and mental health; and (2) to determine whether PEI moderates the relationship between sources of occupational stress and mental health. An initial sample of 250 teachers was assessed Three questionnaires, the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, the Sources of Stress Scale in Teachers and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey, were used to evaluate PEI, sources of occupational stress and mental health, respectively. Teachers with higher levels of emotional attention reported lower levels of mental health (r = -.30; p < .001), while teachers showing high emotional clarity reported better emotional role (r = .14; p < .05) and social functioning (r = .15; p < .05). Moreover, PEI components moderate the relationship between sources of occupational stress and emotional role. Specifically, each significant interaction (i.e., deficiencies x attention, adaptation x attention, and adaptation x clarity) made a small and unique contribution in the explanation of emotional role (all p < .05, all sr2 ~ .02). Finally, our results imply that PEI is an important moderator of teachers' occupational stressors on mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the relationship between emotional intelligence ( EI) and health-related quality of life ( HRQoL) in a sample of Spanish older adults who are institutionalised in long-term care ( LTC) facilities. One hundred fifteen institutionalised individuals (47.82% women; 88.3 ± 7.9 years) from southern Spain completed a set of questionnaires that included measures of EI, health and personality. Data were analysed via hierarchical regression. After controlling for personality and sociodemographic variables, the EI dimensions, emotional comprehension and emotional facilitation, accounted for part of the variance in several HRQoL facets. These dimensions could have an important role in the HRQoL of residents in LTC. Moreover, the use of a performance measure addresses the limitations of previous studies that have relied on self-report measures. These aspects underscore the importance of the results of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades, many political and socioeconomic transformations occurred in Western countries with a considerable impact on gender equality. In this special issue, we aim to show how these transformations can generate changes in gender research by presenting Spain as an example of remarkable growth in gender studies, following the intense societal advancement of the country toward gender equality policies. In particular, we examine the evolution of gender research in Spain analyzing the presence of Spanish gender research in international journals, national journals, book reviews, and conferences. This first volume also includes a presentation of several original studies covering three specific research areas: gender stereotypes, gender violence, and gender issues at work. Finally, we discuss how the unique socioeconomic scenario created in this country may serve for international readers and gender researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional Intelligence (EI) refers to the abilities/competencies that an individual has about emotions and has proven to be related to positive aspects in life. Despite its growing relevance, results about the existence and magnitude of gender differences have been inconclusive, with some studies suggesting that such differences depend on the theoretical approach and type of instrument used. In an effort to better understand these relationships, this study examined the stereotyped nature of self-report instruments of EI from the two main theoretical EI approaches (ability-based and mixed models). Two hundred sixty Spanish undergraduates from a university in the South of Spain indicated the extent to which they considered several EI competences as typical of women/men. Results show that most EI dimensions are biased by gender stereotypes, in terms of being perceived as more characteristic of one gender or the other. An in-group gender bias appeared particularly among female participants whereby they attributed higher scores to women than to men in most EI dimensions. Men also favored men giving higher scores than women did in some of the dimensions. These results suggest that self-report EI measures may be influenced by gender stereotypes, which has relevant implications for EI researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on emotions in the workplace has recently developed into a major field. The study and contribution of Emotional Intelligence (EI) to this area has been fundamental. However, EI has been predominantly studied from an individual perspective, and group level studies as well as comparisons among cultures are necessary. Thus, the development and adaptation of group measures to other languages is needed. In this study, we examine the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Work Group Emotional Intelligence Profile-Short version (WEIP-S) in a sample of 332 employees from 53 work groups. In summary, our Spanish version of the WEIP-S replicates the factor structure and has an adequate reliability rating, and the relations with other criterion variables were similar to those of the Australian English version. This Spanish version of the WEIP-S provides us with a good instrument to further analyze EI in groups and to promote the comparison of these variables among cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Men and women have historically occupied different roles in society. As societies have developed, the social roles of, and the stereotypes attached to, men and women have also changed. We may, therefore, expect there to be a dynamic component of gender stereotyping that affects the perception of men and women in the past, present, and future. Although this evolution of stereotypes is fairly well developed in the literature, a replication in Spain is still missing and this study sought to address this gap. Two hundred and seventy-seven men and women (aged between 15 and 87 years old) from three regions of Spain (Andalusia, Castile-La Mancha, and Madrid) participated in this study. In line with social role prediction studies, this research shows that gender stereotypes in Spain include dynamic aspects and that the content of these stereotypes is rooted in social roles. In general, people perceived women's roles and stereotypes to be changing more quickly over time than those of men. Women were also perceived as taking on masculine-agency characteristics, in contrast to men, who were not perceived as taking on feminine-communal characteristics. Age was a strong moderator in several interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examines the adjustment of different equivalent measurement models for the factorial structures of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), which have shown a good fit to data from the general population. Furthermore, we examine measurement invariance (MI) based on gender and age., Method: A total of 1011 Spanish individuals (52.40% female) completed the CD-RISC., Results: The results indicated that the 10-item single-factor model was the only model that fit the data. Significant latent mean differences showed that the levels of resilience among women were significantly lower than those among men. Regarding age, uniform MI was confirmed, showing the homogeneity of the population., Conclusions: Our exhaustive review of the extant published studies that address factor analyses and gender and age differences demonstrates that the results vary greatly. Furthermore, our model test comparison finds that the 10-item model is the best in the Spanish population. Moreover, men show higher resilience than women, while age is not a decisive variable, most likely showing that life events are more important than these demographic variables.

Shirom's proposal about engagement focuses on vigor. Under this approach, vigor is considered an affect that mediates the relationship between resources, behaviors, and attitudes related to psychological functioning and health. It is important for occupational health professionals to have adequate measures of this construct. The Shirom-Melamed vigor measure (SMVM) was developed to capture this sense of energy comprising three components (physical strength, emotional energy, and cognitive liveliness). In the absence of a Spanish version of the SMVM, our aim is to perform a cultural adaptation and to further analyze its psychometric properties. In Study 1, we culturally adapt the SMVM in Spanish samples. It incorporates a careful development of a three-step procedure according to the International Test Commission and qualitative analyses to ensure a consensus version. Twenty-six individuals were involved. In Study 2, the responses of 203 workers from different organizations show the validity and reliability of the instrument. Confirmatory factor analyses yield a model with three interrelated dimensions showing good fit indices. Furthermore, concurrent validity is demonstrated. Finally, we discuss the usefulness of the SMVM for occupational health professionals.