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Objective: To compare the distribution of housework and childcare and satisfaction with work‐life balance resources among female same‐sex and different‐sex parenting couples in Spain and Sweden, and their association with life satisfaction. Background: Same‐sex couples have generally reported higher levels of co‐responsibility than their different‐sex counterparts in terms of housework and childcare. It has yet to be determined whether these differences are maintained in countries with different public gender equality and family policies. Method: Structured interviews were held with 154 mothers who lived with their partner and had children under 13 years of age: 89 from Spain (65 with different‐sex partners and 24 with same‐sex partners) and 65 from Sweden (27 with different‐sex partners and 38 with same‐sex partners). Interviews focused on the distribution within the couple of housework and childcare, problems related to work‐life balance, satisfaction with work‐life balance resources and life satisfaction. Results: Differences were observed in the division of labor between same‐sex and different‐sex couples in Spain but not in Sweden. Spanish different‐sex couples reported a less equal distribution of housework and childcare than their Swedish counterparts. Same‐sex couples were as equal in their division of labor in Spain as in Sweden. Satisfaction with housework distribution and personal time availability positively predicted life satisfaction, whereas problems related to work‐life balance negatively predicted it. Conclusion: Female same‐sex couples, in the microsystem, and public gender equality policies in the macro‐system, are encouraging a process of "de‐gendering" of family labor, promoting co‐responsibility in couples, and thereby fostering their psychological well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, sport has been an environment of discrimination and hostility towards diverse sexual orientations. Yet, recent studies with young athletes signal greater tolerance towards this phenomenon in sport. The acceptance of sexual diversity in sport remains understudied in Spain. This study sought to understand if Spanish sport presents Eric Anderson's classification of attitudes that are more or less tolerant of sexual diversity. For this, a convenience sample of 279 Spanish soccer players (90.7% males; 9.3% females) was used. Attitudes were measured in an experimental form with the SDS – Attitude Scale towards Sexual Diversity in Sport questionnaire. Results demonstrate medium levels of rejection towards sexual diversity. The data generated by this study can help sport managers implement sensible and effective measures with the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community to ameliorate discrimination in soccer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Question: Are there differences in the clinical outcomes of IUI among different populational groups (heterosexual couples, single women and lesbian couples)?Summary Answer: The outcome of donor IUI (D-IUI) is similar in all populational groups and better than that seen with autologous insemination.What Is Known Already: A vast body of literature on clinical outcome is available for counselling heterosexual couples regarding decisions related to ART. The reproductive potential of single women, lesbian couples and heterosexual couples who need donor semen is assumed to be better, but there is a scarcity of data on their ART performance to actually confirm it.Study Design, Size, Duration: In this retrospective multicentric cohort study, a total of 7228 IUI treatment cycles performed in 3807 patients between January 2013 and December 2016 in 13 private clinics belonging to the same reproductive medicine group in Spain were included. Patients with previous IUI attempts were excluded from the study. Only 1.9% of cycles were lost to follow-up.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: A total of 5318 D-IUI cycles were performed in three different populational groups: heterosexual couples (D-HC, 1167 cycles), single women (SW, 2839 cycles) and lesbian couples (LC, 1312), while a total of 1910 autologous IUI cycles were performed in heterosexual couples (A-HC). This last one was considered the control group and was composed of cycles performed in couples with a male partner with sperm parameters equivalent to those requested from donors. In order to identify factors with an impact on clinical outcome, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Regarding live birth rate (LBR), mixed effect models were employed to control for the fact that different patients were submitted to different numbers of treatments.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: Parameters that were significant to the primary outcome (LBR) according to the multivariate analysis were the populational group (D-HC, SW, LC and A-HC) to which the patient belonged, female age and a diagnosis of low ovarian reserve. At the age range of good prognosis (≤37 years), LBR was similar in all groups that underwent D-IUI (18.8% for D-HC, 16.5% for SW and 17.6% for LC) but was significantly lower in the autologous IUI (A-HC) group (11%). For all these significant findings, the strength of the association was confirmed by P values <0.001. From 38 years of age on, no significant differences were observed among the populational groups studied, and for all of them, LBR was below 7% from 40 years of age on.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: To the best of our knowledge, a smoking habit was the only known factor with a potential effect on ART outcome that could not be controlled for, due to the unavailability of this information in a significant percentage of the clinical files studied. Our study was not capable of precisely quantifying the impact of a diagnosis of low ovarian reserve on the LBR of both IUI and D-IUI, due to the number of cycles performed in patients with such diagnosis (n = 231, 3.2% of the total).Wider Implications Of the Findings: For the first time, a comparison among D-HC, SW, LC and A-HC was performed in a study with a robust sample size and controlling for potential sources of bias. There is now sound evidence that equivalent clinical outcome is seen in the three groups treated with donor semen (D-HC, SW and LC). Specifically, regarding the comparison between SW and LC, our findings rule out differences in LBR proposed by previous publications, with very similar clinical outcomes within the same age ranges. At age ranges of good prognosis (≤37 years), reproductive performance of D-IUI is significantly better than that seen in heterosexual couples undergoing autologous IUI, even when only cases of optimal sperm quality are considered in this last group. This finding is in agreement with the concept that, as a group, A-HC are more prone to have female factor infertility, even when their infertility assessment finds no contraindication to IUI. Age affects all these groups equally, with none of them reaching a 7% LBR after the age of 40 years. Our findings will be useful for the counselling of patients from the different populations studied here about ART strategies.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): None. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: We herein present the initial experiences of the CEFER Institute of Reproduction in the formation of a new family model: two biological mothers, lesbians, one who provides the eggs and the other who carries the embryo in her womb. We have called this family model ROPA (Reception of Oocytes from PArtner). It is a pioneer event in Spain and among the first at a worldwide level. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]