Search

The objective of this research is to know the role that the Protomedicato played in public health in the viceroyalty of Peru. The methodology used was historical narration following the heuristic and hermeneutic method, using primary documentary sources from Peruvian and Spanish historical archives. The result obtained was to confirm that the Protomedicato looked after the health of the neighbors and that it had a judicial administrative nature and its main functions were to regularize the work of those who carried out any type of health care, granting licenses, setting tariffs and monitoring the work carried out in pharmacies and the quality of medicines, through periodic visits. The conclusion determines that there were health improvements as a consequence of the management of the Protomedicato in the viceroyalty of Peru, proposing health measures and even ordered the mobilization of medical personnel throughout the viceroyalty and participated in any consultation from other colonial entities, such as the council, referring to public health, such as elimination of ditches, declaration of pests, and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic represents one of the most severe challenges in the recent history of public health. The aim of this study is to estimate the transmission rate parameter (ß) and to predict the epidemic progression in Spain. We integrated data from Our World in Data. Our model considered a mean time from infection to death to be 24 days and the results of the seroprevalence survey in Spain. We calculated ß using a SEIR model estimated by least squares. We also used a SEIR model to evaluate four scenarios: 1) model 1: no containment measures, 2) model 2: containment measures from the beginning of the epidemic, 3) model 3: mild measures since the 20th day, 4) model 4: strict containment measures since the 20th day. The estimated ß parameter was 1.087. We calculated 41,210,330 infected people and 725,302 deaths in model 1; 165,036 infected people and 2,905 deaths in model 2; 4,640,400 infected people and 81,671 deaths in model 3; and, 62.012 infected people and 1,091 deaths in model 4. Peak of the epidemic varied from 69th day in model 1 to 216th day in model 4. Containment measures prevented a scenario with a significant increase in deaths and infected people. Our findings showed that, by stricter interventions such as quarantine and isolation could lead to reduce the potential peak number of COVID-19 cases and delay the time of peak infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present we comment the musical album published by Manuel Gerena, flamenco singer, dedicated to the poet Miguel Hernández Gilabert, and particularly his version of the "Nanas de la cebolla", which brings to our memory the problems of food in the Civil War and the postwar periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article we study the monograph on tuberculosis by Manuel Martín Salazar published in Cadiz in 1887. Besides the prologue which was written by Benito Alcina Rancé, the mentioned monograph presents specific sections on the etiology of tuberculosis infection, heredity, vaccination, disinfection, food and climate, as well as sections dedicated to social hygiene and tuberculosis in the army. This study of Martin Salazar has not received the attention it deserves, especially considering the high incidence of the disease in the Spain of the "Restoration" and that the preventive proposals were made considering the discovery of the tuberculosis bacillus by Robert Koch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Historica. Historia Contemporánea is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We report on trends in anaphylaxis admissions in the Spanish hospital system during the period 1998-2011. Data on admissions for anaphylaxis were obtained from the Spanish Information System for Hospital Data for the period 1998-2011. Patients were selected using the codes for anaphylaxis in the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification ( ICD-9- CM). Poisson regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios. We recorded a 1.89-fold increase in admissions for anaphylaxis in Spanish hospitals during the study period, particularly in patients aged 0-14 years (1.65- to 3.22-fold until 2009 and 4.09- to 12.59-fold until 2011) and in food anaphylaxis in all age groups (2.78-fold until 2009 and 8.74-fold until 2011). The incidence of anaphylaxis is perceived as having increased in recent years, especially anaphylaxis caused by food and anaphylaxis affecting the pediatric population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Great Pox marked the early modern era. Not only did this chronic disease lead to long-term shifts in medical knowledge, but it also reached across the social spectrum to touch individuals, families, and communities of all guises. As such, pox infection reflected the complexity of managing symptoms that were at once medically and socially evaluated. This article explores the social and cultural meanings attached to the poxed body through an analysis of Spanish medical, literary, and patient sources. How was the poxed body understood in everyday contexts? How did social concerns affect medical discourse on the disease? What strategies did the ill use to navigate the socially-charged repercussions of visible symptoms? Ultimately, patients developed techniques of obfuscation and ambivalence to manage the social framing of their diseased bodies evident in medical and popular literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia 396 is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Instituto de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the eighteenth century, intellectuals at the court of Charles III of Spain worried about the ‘illnesses’ that weakened the nation. As a part of those debates, enlightened reformers argued for the extension of state control over health care and intervention in issues of public health. Their opportunity to test those ideas came in 1778, when José de Gálvez, the minister of the Indies, formulated a plan to transport more than 1900 northern Spanish peasants to colonize Patagonia. The peasants were provided with extensive health care throughout the project. This article analyzes how, based on a transatlantic consensus on the importance of public health and the monarchy's responsibility for its subjects, peninsular and colonial authorities worked together to provide extensive medical care for the colonizers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the medical program instituted by the Spanish government in New Spain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, with the objective of restoring the indigenous population of the California peninsula. The author discusses the reasons for the decline in the Indian population of that region, such as infection brought from colonists, as well as the differing scientific and religious perspectives of the Spanish government regarding the potential extinction of the Indian population. The program, imposed by a declaration called the Expediente de 1799, is analyzed with respect to the Spanish government's humanitarian, religious and medical efforts to save the population of Californian Indians.

This article discusses the role of the Inspección de Sanidad del Campo (the Rural Heath Bureau) in the history of public health in Spain, especially during the time period of 1910-1918. The author describes the development of agrarian infrastructure in the country to curb the prevalence of various diseases and afflictions, including hookworm disease and malaria, as well as the examination of the quality of the water supply and the eating habits of the rural population. He also studies the influence of Spanish liberalism in providing health information, rather than affecting changes in rural Spanish society.

We describe a nutritional intervention by the Rockefeller Foundation's International Health Division in Spain after the Spanish Civil War, delineating the relationships between the technicians sent by the Rockefeller Foundation and the Spanish health authorities. We analyze reports of the nutritional situation in Spain in the early 1940s and the design and outcomes of a nutrition survey conducted in a district of Madrid by American and Spanish nutritionists. This nutritional survey, which was based on food intake interviews and was complemented with anthropometric measurements, clinical examinations, and blood tests, found several symptoms and signs of malnutrition. The Rockefeller Foundation's nutritional research was an important historical precedent for later studies made in emergency situations or armed conflicts. Similar surveys have been carried out in the last several decades by distinguished academic departments of public health and epidemiology and by humanitarian aid agencies. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:1772-1779. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.124875) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]