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The preservice teacher education assumes a predominant role in the quality of the educational process that must be assumed in public education policies, noting the importance of reflection on a variety of aspects, including the curriculum, teaching and learning methods, and pedagogical practices. To this end, this article aims to: i) present and compare the curriculum and study plans of two preservice teacher education programs in Portugal and Spain; ii) study the instructional methods used and hybrid learning format in these programs in pandemic time; and iii) analyze how their pedagogical practices are developed in post-pandemic time, particularly about the use of digital technologies and online education. As result, it is intended to obtain a characterization of the Masters of access to the teaching profession and analyze the way their curricula and instructional methods are developed. We also intend to draw conclusions about the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on pedagogical practices, namely regarding how technologies can enable motivation, facilitate learning, and have a positive influence on pedagogical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the experimental and modeling results of CO2 injection and transport in the vadose zone performed in PISCO2 facilities at the ES.CO2 center in Ponferrada (North Spain). During 46 days of experiments, 62.10 kg of CO2 were injected through 16 micro-injectors in a 35 m3 experimental unit filled with sandy material. Monitoring and mapping of surface CO2 flux were performed periodically to assess the evolution of CO2 migration through the soil and to the atmosphere. Numerical simulations were run using TOUGH2 code with EOS7CA research module considering two phases (gas and liquid) and three components (H2O, CO2, air). Two layers (sand, gravel) and atmosphere boundary were implemented taking into account heterogeneous soils, homogeneous soil, rainfall, temperature, and liquid saturation to allow a better understanding of CO2 behavior in the vadose zone. This combined experimental and modeling approach shows that CO2 leakage in the vadose zone quickly comes out through preferential migration pathways and spots with the ranges of fluxes in the ground/surface interface from 2.5 to 600 g·m−2·day−1. This gas channeling is mainly related to soil compaction and climatic perturbation. This has significant implications for design-adapted detection and monitoring strategies of early leakage in commercial CO2 storage. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Spanish smart cities development. • ERDF funds. • Specialization topics. • Standardized indicators. The evolution of the Spanish cities towards their digital transformation, integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), and improvement of social cohesion have been promoted by the government. However, this evolution has not yet been evaluated, and this assessment is considerably relevant as more than 200 M€ has been spent from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through five calls divided into two national plans (2014–2020). In this evaluation, the projects of 61 beneficiary local entities have been analysed. The lines of action executed have been identified and compared, using standardised indicators, with the actions conducted in the European metropolis that are smart city references. The actions planned in the last call (Smart Territories National Plan) closely resemble the philosophy of the latest generation paradigm of smart cities (holistic approach and specialisation in topics such as tourism or intelligent buildings) from the initial point where the areas of technology, software, and governance were focused. This work offers a precise picture of the priorities and lines of the progress of smart cities at each period of the last decade and helps technicians and investigators evaluate executed projects and design new lines of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]