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The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationships between forgiveness, motivations for revenge, avoidance, and benevolence; loneliness, emotional loneliness and positive subjective evaluation of the social network; and peer victimization in schools, relational, overt physical, and overt verbal, based on gender. A battery of instruments was administered to 617 Spanish students (50.7% boys and 49.3% girls), aged between 10 and 16 years (M = 13.04 years, SD = 1.80 years) from primary and secondary education. A multivariate analysis of variance and a multiple block regression for data analysis was used. Study results revealed that the most victimized students showed greater motivation for revenge and avoidance, as well as a greater perception of emotional loneliness and less positive subjective evaluation of their social network. In addition, the findings obtained in the regression analysis (stepwise) indicated that being a boy between 11 and 13 years old and having a high level of emotional loneliness and high avoidance motivation were the most important predictors of peer victimization. Finally, the findings and their possible implications in the design of intervention projects that encourage forgiveness in interpersonal conflicts and integration in social networks as preventive strategies of peer victimization were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Abstract Social concern about the negative effects of cyberbullying in children and adolescents' psychosocial development is currently increasing. The importance of the family environment and factors in bullying has been highlighted, but little is known about the role of parenting styles in adolescents' engagement in cyberaggression and cybervictimization. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships of parenting styles (authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian, and neglectful) and cyberbullying (cybervictimization and cyberaggression) in adolescents, also considering sex and age. Participants were 2399 Spanish adolescents, 50.2% boys, aged between 12 and 18 years old (M age = 14.69, SD age = 1.82). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA, 4 × 2 × 2) was performed, with parenting styles, sex, and age (12–14 years and 15–18 years) as independent variables and cybervictimization and cyberaggression as criteria. Possible interaction effects were also analyzed. Results showed main effects of parenting styles, sex, and age, as well as an interaction effect between sex and parenting styles. Girls suffered more cybervictimization than boys, whereas boys performed higher levels of cyberaggression than girls. Results suggested that authoritarian parenting style was a risk factor for cyberviolence. Girls from authoritarian families scored highest on cybervictimization. Boys from indulgent families were less involved in cybervictimization. These findings highlight the importance of establishing positive and open communication between parents and adolescents. The implications are discussed. Highlights • Warmth and reasoning control are key aspects for lower involvement in cyberbullying. • Risk of cyberbullying is related to authoritarian and neglectful parenting styles. • Strictness is associated with a higher probability of being cybervictimized. • Authoritarian parenting style for girls shows the highest levels of cybervictimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The general aim of the present study is to examine whether the link between the family and school contexts, as well as school violence is different among peer accepted and peer rejected adolescents. Participants were 1068 adolescents, ages ranged from 11 to 16 years old, from four schools in Valencian Community (Spain). Structural equation modelling was carried out using the EQS program and multigroup analysis between peer accepted and peer rejected adolescents were conducted. Results show that parental support is related to school violence through perception of school, family and school self-esteem. So, perception of school is positive related to school-based violence, whereas academic and family self-esteem are negatively related. It is also found some differences between peer rejected and accepted adolescents on the relationship betwee is negatively associated with school-based violence only on rejected adolescents, whereas parents support is related to academic self-esteem only on accepted adolescents. Finally, results and its possible implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The aim of this transversal ex post facto study is to analyze the relationships between family variables -family self-esteem, father and mother support- school variables -academic self-esteem and attitudes toward school-, and school-based violence in adolescence. Participants were 1,068 adolescents, ages ranged from II to 16 years old, from four schools in the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain). Structural equation modelling was carried out using the EQS program. Results shows that negative attitude toward school -perception of injustice and underestimation of studies- is positively related to school-based violence, whereas academic self-esteem is negatively related. Family self-esteem is associated in a negative way with school-based violence and perception of injustice. Furthermore, father support has an influence on school- based violence in a direct way and through its relationships to family and academic self- esteem, while mother support is negatively associated with underestimation of studies, and positively with family and academic self-esteem. Finally, results and its possible implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This study aims to analyze differences in self-esteem among aggressive adolescents at school, victimized adolescents by peers, and adolescents who are both aggressors and victims in the school context. This research adopts a multidimensional conception of self-esteem: family, school, social and emotional dimensions are analyzed. The sample was composed of 965 adolescents whose ages range from 11 to 16 years old and studying in four school of the Valencian Community. The results obtained confirm the existence of differences among aggressors, victims and aggressors/victims in the following way: the group of aggressors showed the highest scores in the dimensions of social and emotional self-esteem; the group of victims obtained the highest levels of family and school self-esteem; finally, the group of aggressors/victims showed, in general, the lowest scores in the four dimensions of self-esteem analyzed in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Objective: Mass gathering events (MGEs) are associated with the transmission of COVID-19. Between 6 and 10 March 2020, several MGEs related to the Falles festival took place in Borriana, a municipality in the province of Castellon (Spain). The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 and its association with these MGEs, and to quantify the potential risk factors of its occurrence., Methods: During May and June 2020, a population-based retrospective cohort study was carried out by the Public Health Center of Castelló and the Hospital de la Plana in Vila-real. Participants were obtained from a representative sample of 1663 people with potential exposure at six MGEs. A questionnaire survey was carried out to obtain information about attendance at MGEs and COVID-19 disease. In addition, a serologic survey of antibodies against SARS-Cov-2 was implemented. Inverse probability weighted regression was used in the statistical analysis., Results: A total of 1338 subjects participated in the questionnaire survey (80.5%), 997 of whom undertook the serologic survey. Five hundred and seventy cases were observed with an attack rate (AR) of 42.6%; average age was 36 years, 62.3% were female, 536 cases were confirmed by laboratory tests, and 514 cases were found with SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies. Considering MGE exposure, AR was 39.2% (496/1264). A dose-response relationship was found between MGE attendance and the disease, (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 4.11 95% confidence interval [CI]3.25-5.19). Two MGEs with a dinner and dance in the same building had higher risks. Associated risk factors with the incidence were older age, obesity, and upper and middle class versus lower class; current smoking was protective., Conclusions: The study suggests the significance of MGEs in the COVID-19 transmission that could explain the subsequent outbreak in Borriana., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exist. more...

The objective of the present study is to analyse the relationships between parental socialization styles-indulgent, authoritarian, authoritative and negligent, school adjustment (social integration, academic competence and family involvement) and cyber-aggression (direct and indirect) in adolescents. Participating in this study were 1304 Spanish students of both sexes (53.1% girls), aged between 12 and 18 years ( M = 13.87, SD = 1.33). Multivariate analyses of variance were performed. The results showed significant relationships between parental socialization styles, school adjustment and cyber-aggression. It was observed that adolescents from indulgent and authoritative families showed greater academic competence and greater family involvement. Additionally, the children from authoritarian families displayed greater involvement in direct and indirect cyber-aggression behaviours. The results obtained and their implications are discussed in the final section. more...

The present study aims to analyze the relationships between community involvement, perception of family and school climate, and emotional and social problems in adolescents (satisfaction with life, non-conformist social reputation, and school violence). The sample was composed of 1884 (52% boys and 48% girls) adolescents aged from 11 to 17 years old (M = 13.7, SD = 1.4) from the Valencia Community and Andalusia. A structural equation model was calculated to analyze the data. The results indicated that adolescent community involvement was associated with positive perceptions of family and school climate, and school violence. Associations between the variables of the study included in the structural model were also analyzed as a function of gender. The relationship between school climate and social reputation was significant only for boys. Likewise, the association between community involvement and violent behavior was found to be significant only for boys. Finally, the results and their possible implications are discussed. more...