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Iron (Fe) chlorosis, an Fe deficiency commonly observed in grapevines cultivated on calcareous soils, generally inhibits plant growth and decreases yield. The objective of this research was to relate the incidence of Fe chlorosis in vines of the Montilla‐Moriles area, southern Spain, to indigenous soil properties. Thirty‐five grapevines ( V. vinífera L. cv. Pedro Ximenez grafted on V. berlandieri×V. rupestris 110 Ritcher) showing different degree of Fe chlorosis were selected from 13 vineyards. The leaf chlorophyll concentration (estimated by the SPAD value measured with a Minolta meter) was positively correlated with the contents in different soil Fe forms but not with alkalinity‐related soil properties (pH, calcium carbonate equivalent, and active lime). The acid NH 4 oxalate‐extractable Fe (Fe o ) was the most useful simple variable to predict the occurrence of Fe chlorosis. A Fe o /active lime ratio of 25×10 –4 was found to be useful to class soils into two groups according to the probability of inducing Fe chlorosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron electronic transitions produce intense colors in minerals with moderate to high Fe content, which phenomenon allows using color and visible spectroscopy to identify and quantify Fe-bearing minerals. This approach is especially useful for Mars investigation due to the limited analytical instruments available at Mars. The challenges are: (1) overlap between Fe electronic absorption bands of Fe-bearing minerals, (2) band wavelengths are modified by chemical and structural variables, and (3) particle size effects can modify mineral color. The magnitude of these difficulties, however, depends on the mineral mixture investigated. In this study, we further probe the potential of visible-range data for investigation of Fe-minerals. The samples were mineral mixtures from the Riotinto area (SW Spain) that resulted from acidic alteration and contained Fe in oxy-hydroxides, hydroxysulfates and phyllosilicates. Samples were studied using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry. The wavelength range 320–1000 nm was investigated using spectral second derivatives and CIELAB color parameters. Hematite was readily detected, below X-ray diffraction detection limits, from the band at 520–560 nm. Jarosite was readily identified by the combined presence of bands at ~390 and ~ 440 nm. Thermogravimetric and CIELAB color analyses indicated goethite as the most common Fe-rich mineral in the samples. Correlations between CIELAB color parameters were controlled by goethite, where jarosite-rich specimens aligned with the correlations but some samples containing hematite plotted outside them. Quantification of goethite was attempted as calibrated against thermogravimetric data. Calibration was not possible below ~10 wt% goethite. Above this value, results from spectral second derivatives allowed quantification up to the maximum goethite content of ~35 wt% (linear correlation with R2 = 0.89). Goethite quantification with CIELAB color parameters was hindered by hematite. In samples with very low or no hematite, goethite quantification was possible with parameters L * 10 (R2 = 0.83) and h ab,10 (R2 = 0.65), also up to ~35 wt% goethite. Consequently, if accurate calibration is possible and depending on mineral mixture components, spectroscopic and CIELAB color parameters should allow goethite quantification in a wide concentration range. • Hematite detectability in mineral mixtures is high due to absorption at 520–560 nm. • Jarosite is also readily detectable due to the combined bands at 390 and 440 nm. • Goethite and jarosite share color characteristics determined with CIELAB parameters. • Hematite modifies CIELAB color characteristics of goethite-jarosite mixtures. • Goethite quantification is possible by spectral and color methods to at least 35 wt%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]