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This article describes the adaptation of a non-spatial model of pastureland dynamics, including vegetation life cycle, livestock management and nitrogen cycle, for use in a spatially explicit and modular modelling platform (k.LAB) dedicated to make data and models more interoperable. The aim is to showcase to the social-ecological modelling community the delivery of an existing, monolithic model, into a more modular, transparent and accessible approach to potential end users, regional managers, farmers and other stakeholders. This also allows better usability and adaptability of the model beyond its originally intended geographical scope (the Cantabrian Region in the North of Spain). The original code base (written in R in 1,491 lines of code divided into 13 files) combines several algorithms drawn from the literature in an opaque fashion due to lack of modularity, non-semantic variable naming and implicit assumptions. The spatiotemporal rewrite is structured around a set of 10 namespaces called PaL (Pasture and Livestock), which includes 198 interoperable and independent models. The end user chooses the spatial and temporal context of the analysis through an intuitive web-based user interface called k.Explorer. Each model can be called individually or in conjunction with the others, by querying any PaL-related concepts in a search bar. A scientific dataflow and a provenance diagram are produced in conjunction with the model results for full transparency. We argue that this work demonstrates key steps needed to create more Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) models beyond the selected example. This is particularly essential in environments as complex as agricultural systems, where multidisciplinary knowledge needs to be integrated across diverse spatial and temporal scales in order to understand complex and changing problems., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Marquez Torres et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Aim: To measure the Effectiveness of a Diabetes Education Program for people with T2DM, based on Tailored interventions and the Theory of Planned Behaviour., Design: Cluster randomized controlled clinical trial., Methods: This multicentre study will be carried out at 30 primary healthcare centres, where 436 persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), aged between 18-75 years, will be recruited. The experimental educational program to be applied is modelled using components obtained from a systematic review and prior qualitative analysis. In addition, a taxonomy of nursing practice is used to standardize the program, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a conceptual model. The intervention will be carried out by community nurses, using ADAPP-Ti ® , an application developed with FileMaker Pro v.18. The control group will receive usual care and data will be collected at 6, 12, and 18 months, for both groups. The primary outcome considered will be glycosylated haemoglobin and cardiovascular factors, while the secondary ones will be tobacco consumption, body mass index, barriers to self-care, health-related quality of life, and lifestyle modification. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Province of Malaga (Spain) in November 2014., Discussion: The degree of metabolic control in T2DM is not always associated with healthy lifestyles and significant levels of medication are often prescribed to achieve clinical objectives. An intervention focused on needs, based on the best available evidence and a solid conceptual framework, might successfully consolidate appropriate self-care behaviour in this population., Impact: The study will result in the publication of an educational program featuring well-defined interventions and activities that will enable clinicians to tailor health care to the individual's needs and to combat treatment inertia in attending this population., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Several instruments are available to evaluate barriers to self-care in people with type 2 diabetes, but with significant psychometric weaknesses and poor theoretical background., Objectives: To develop and psychometrically validate a questionnaire to identify barriers to self-care in this population on the basis of the theory of planned behavior., Methods: The study was carried out in 15 primary healthcare centers belonging to the Public Health Care System in Andalusia (Spain). After content validity was confirmed, an initial pilot study was undertaken (n = 54) and the model was evaluated in 2 samples of 205 subjects each to test its configural and metric invariance by confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, criterion validity, and interpretability were carried out following COSMIN standards., Results: A 4-factor instrument (intention, subjective norms, perceived control, and attitudes) with 15 items was obtained with a good fit: goodness-of-fit index = 0.92, comparative fit index = 0.93, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.043 (90% confidence interval 0.034-0.052). Cronbach α was 0.78, and test-retest reliability was adequate (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.73; P < .0001). The instrument revealed an adequate criterion validity depending on the treatment complexity and level of metabolic control. Thus, participants with poor self-care scores were more likely to suffer from diabetes-related complications (odds ratio 1.91; 95% confidence interval 1.15-3.1)., Conclusions: A theory-driven instrument is suitable for its use with Spanish people with type 2 diabetes to assess their self-care needs and make tailored recommendations for lifestyle modifications on the basis of their behavioral determinants., (Copyright © 2019 ISPOR–The Professional Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The first objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Cyberbullying Questionnaire (CBQ), an instrument for measuring the perpetration and victimization of bullying via new technologies for adolescents. The second objective was to analyze gender differences in the prevalence of cyberbullying. The study sample consisted of 1,491 Mexican adolescents (52.4% male and 47.6% female) with a mean age of 14.51 years (SD = 1.57, range = 12-18). A confirmatory factor analysis of the CBQ indicated a good fit of a model consisting of two factors designated as "perpetration" and "victimization." The internal consistencies for these subscales were adequate. Furthermore, multiple-group-covariance-structure analysis with the Mexican and a Spanish sample (N = 1008; 55.7% girls; mean age = 15.23 years, SD = 1.4) indicated equivalence of the factor structure of the CBQ across samples. An analysis of the relationship between the CBQ and other variables-such as the justification of cyberbullying, impulsivity, and depression-provided additional data supporting the construct validity of the instrument. Regarding gender differences in the prevalence of CB, perpetration was significantly higher for males than for females, whereas no differences were found for victimization. Finally, we discuss the contributions of this work to the field of study.