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Background: COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way pregnancies have been controlled as well as working conditions. In countries with paid leave of work, leaving earlier has been a relevant measure for controlling the pandemic. No study has been published on factors associated with earlier leaving work in pregnancy and the consequences it could have on pregnancy outcomes. Objective: We aimed to identify woman and pregnancy characteristics associated with leaving work earlier and its consequences on pregnancy results. Method: A cohort study was carried out in Cantabria, Northern Spain, including 760 women who were pregnant in 2020 and were working at the beginning of their pregnancy. Data on pregnancy characteristics and results were obtained from medical records and gestational age at leaving work was self-reported. In a logistic regression analysis, leaving work before 26th week of pregnancy was the main effect variable. Results: Several factors were associated with lower probability of leaving work before 26th week, including university studies (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.68), having presential work (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.81), women born in non-European countries (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.01) and non-smokers (OR for smokers = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.87). Neither type of delivery, gestational age at delivery nor other pregnancy results were associated with the gestational age of leaving work. Conclusion: Several pregnancy and women characteristics were associated with leaving work earlier in the COVID-19 pandemic, although it was not associated with any pregnancy outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aim: Assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Segovia (Spain). Methods: A screening program for thyroid dysfunction including all patients with T2D attending the diabetes clinic at the Hospital General de Segovia was performed from 2003 to 2005. Results: 318 patients (191 women, aged 29-89 yr, median duration of diabetes 8 yr) attended the diabetes clinic. The number of patients with thyroid dysfunction and their respective prevalences were: overt hyperthyroidism, 11 (3.5 % ); subclinical hyperthyroidism, 10 (3.1 % ); over thypothyroidism, 48 (15.1 % ), and subclinical hypothyroidism, 34 patients (10.7 % ). The screening program detected the following cases of newly diagnosed thyroid dysfunction: subclinical hyperthyroidism, 5 (1.6 % ); overt hypothyroidism, 6 (1.9 % ), and subclinical hypothyroidism, 20 patients (6.3 % ). Therefore, total thyroid dysfunction was present in 32.4 % (95 % CI, 27.3 - 37.5 % ), and newly diagnosed thyroid dysfunction was present 9.7 % (95 % CI, 6.5 - 13.0 % ) of the patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that there were no significant relationships between the presence of thyroid dysfunction and duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c levels, and the presence of diabetic complications. Conclusion: This screening program detected new cases of thyroid dysfunction in 10 % of diabetic subjects. However, we could not identify any diabetes-related clinical parameter with predictive value on the presence of thyroid dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, a total of 163 young-bull carcasses belonging to seven Spanish native beef cattle breeds showing substantial carcass variation were photographed in order to obtain digital assessments of carcass dimensions and profiles. This dataset was then analysed using machine learning (ML) methodologies to ascertain the influence of carcass profiles on the grade obtained using the SEUROP system. To achieve this goal, carcasses were obtained using the same standard feeding regime and classified homogeneous conditions in order to avoid non-linear behaviour in grading performance. Carcass weight affects grading to a large extent and the classification error obtained when this attribute was included in the training sets was consistently lower than when it was not. However, carcass profile information was considered non-relevant by the ML algorithm in earlier stages of the analysis. Furthermore, when carcass weight was taken into account, the ML algorithm used only easy-to-measure attributes to clone the classifiers decisions. Here we confirm the possibility of designing a more objective and easy-to-interpret system to classify the most common types of carcass in the territory of the EU using only a few single attributes that are easily obtained in an industrial environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We present a mandible recovered in 2003 from the Aurora Stratum of the TD6 level of the Gran Dolina site (Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain). The specimen, catalogued as ATD6-96, adds to the hominin sample recovered from this site in 1994-1996, and as- signed to Homo antecessor. ATD6-96 is the left half of a gracile mandible belonging to a probably female adult individual with premolars and molars in place. This mandible shows a primitive structural pattern shared with all African and Asian Homo species. However, it is small and exhibits a remarkable gracility, a trait shared only with the Early and Middle Pleistocene Chinese hominins. Furthermore, none of the mandibular features considered apomorphic in the European Middle and Early Upper Pleistocene hominin lineage are present in ATD6-96. This evidence reinforces the taxonomic identity of H. antecessor and is consistent with the hypothesis of a close relationship between this species and Homo sapiens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An experimental watershed (Oskotz principal– Op –ca.1700ha) covered with forest and pasture (cattle-breeding) with an equally experimental sub-watershed (Oskotz woodland – Ow – ca. 500ha) almost entirely under forest was continuously monitored during 8 years (2001–2008). These watersheds were established by the Government of Navarre (Spain) in order to assess the impact of agricultural activities on different region of Navarre. The first results regarding exported sediment, runoff, nitrate and phosphate are presented herein. These results are compared with those from two grain-sown watersheds previously reported by the authors, elsewhere. The same as in the grain-sown watersheds, most runoff, sediment, nitrate and phosphate yields in Oskotz were generated during winter, though most erosive rainfalls occurred during summer. In Ow, average sediment, nitrate and phosphate yields were approximately: 700, 22, 0.35kghayear−1, respectively; for Op these figures were 550, 54 and 0.76kghayear−1, respectively. However, total sediment and solute yields were different depending on the prevailing land use: cereal crops>forest>pasture. Sediment yields in the forest were strongly affected by the logging moment, when exported sediment rocketed. Nitrate concentration and yields were lower (and under the critical threshold) in the forested/pastured watersheds than those recorded in the two intensively cultivated watersheds. However, phosphate yields were dramatically higher (and over the critical threshold) in the former watersheds due to the prevailing soil conditions and to the fertilization of pasture, mainly with slurry. The present work, along with that similar one recently reported by the authors, is an unprecedented and relevant piece of research for the region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An observational study describes an outbreak of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in a dairy herd in Spain. The herd was subjected to a voluntary control program. In a sampling carried out in June 2020, bulk tank milk antibody levels increased compared to the previous sampling. Additionally, serum samples from 4 young heifers also tested positive for antibodies. Since the results were consistent with a recent infection, we proceeded to detect possible persistently infected (PI) animals using antigen ELISA (on serum/ear-notch samples), following the program guidelines. From this moment on, 42 animals tested positive for BVDV antigen, of which 17 were under typical acute infection (AI), 13 were deemed as PI, and eight died early on the farm before having information to determine their status. The remaining 4 showed intriguing test results consistent with a long-term AI since they tested BVDV positive in at least two antigen tests more than 3 weeks apart. Thus, one animal was positive until 80 days of age in serum, and others even for longer periods in ear-notch samples, until they finally tested negative for BVDV. Based on these results, longer follow-up may be necessary in BVDV positive animals to accurately confirm persistent infection. • BVDV can stablish long-term infections within immunoprivileged sites. • A case of long-term acute infection detected in serum and ear-notch samples is described. • This results in animals being indistinguishable from PI cattle using routine procedures. • It could be necessary longer monitoring times for BVDV positive animals to confirm PI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It is recognised that the hydrological and erosion processes in watersheds are very much conditioned by the (inter)action of a number of variables. This paper covers a 15-year period of studying those factors that have a major influence on the sediment yield and transport during individual hydrological events in a small Mediterranean agricultural watershed. Multivariate statistical techniques such as cluster analysis and principal component analysis were applied for the interpretation of datasets. In addition, the relationships between suspended sediment concentration and discharge (hysteretic loops) were also analysed. The hydrological response of the studied watershed is mainly controlled by the antecedent condition of the flow. Most of the runoff and sediment are generated during the wet season when vegetation cover is scant and saturation overland flow occurs promptly as a response to almost any rainfall events. In contrast, during the dry seasons even if high-intensity rainfalls normally occur, very scant runoffs are, however recorded, at the exit of the watershed. Most of the eroded sediment seems to come from riparian areas. The discharge registered at the watershed outlet up to 1h prior to the flood is a very good surrogate for antecedent soil moisture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this article, the GEITDAH -the Spanish abbreviation of the Special Interest Group on Attention Deficit Hyper-activity Disorder (ADHD)- presents a consensus reached by experts in the management of ADHD from all over Spain. The consensus concerns fundamental aspects that should be the starting point for future local or regional consensus guides. Another aim of this consensus is also to reduce the amount of variability that occurs in the health care offered to patients with ADHD in our country, as well as to act as a stimulus in educational matters. That fact that it is not very long will make it more popular among greater numbers of people and this will allow these goals to be reached more effectively. The conclusions in the consensus guide have been constructed around an introduction dealing with basic aspects and recommendations for diagnosis, treatment (both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic), patient flow and organisational aspects.