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Objective: To determine the frequency of the performance of mammography with preventive purpose of the screening of breast cancer in Spanish women, the evolution between the years 2006-2014, the sociodemographic profile of the women who undergo the mammography and to analyze the factors that influence in their adhesion., Design: Transversal study., Sites: Spain., Participants: A total of 53.628 women over 15 years old that are surveyed in the National Health Survey in Spain 2006 and 2011/12 and the European Health Survey in Spain 2009 and 2014., Measurements: The following variables were used: mammography, frequency of mammography performance and the reason for the realization, as well as sociodemographic variables. Social class was obtained from the last occupation of the main family supporter. A logistic regression analysis was performed with sociodemographic variables., Results: The prevalence of mammography has been increasing from 2006 to 2014, and also for the reason that the participants had received a letter, they were telephoned or offered in their Health Center to undergo this test. There are significant differences in the performance of mammography in the different autonomous communities., Conclusions: Performing mammography has increased significantly from 2006 to 2014, although there are still differences between autonomous communities, with Ceuta and Melilla being the least percentage of performed mammography. The factors that are related to greater performed mammography are: higher educational level, higher social class, married civil status, Spanish nationality and age., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The objective of this study was to detect prescribing-related problems at a community pharmacy in Madrid (Spain) and to analyze these problems from the perspective of their prevention and patient safety., Method: A descriptive study was conducted at a community pharmacy during a 6-month period. The data collection was generated by the pharmacists reviewing all the prescriptions, and dispensed medication. All prescriptions, prescribing-related problems, and pharmacist interventions were recorded. Means, standard deviation, and frequency were calculated., Results: A total of 23,995 prescriptions were evaluated, and 355 prescribing errors were detected. The most common problems were incomplete prescriptions or incorrect information, and prescriptions for unavailable items 70% (247/355). Inappropriate doses were reported in 27 cases (7.61%), followed by inappropriate direction/ instruction in 25 cases (8%). Fifty-four percent (195/355) of the errors were resolved without any contact with the general practices., Conclusions: The incidence of prescribing problems reported by community pharmacy was relatively low compared with other studies. This study has contributed to illustrate the role that community pharmacy has in the detection and rectification of prescribing problems to ensure maximum patient safety at the community setting.

Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) have a 5-10-fold higher risk for developing nosocomial infection (NI) than in other hospital wards. The constant evolution of epidemiological characteristics of NI in these departments, as well as the growing susceptibility of patients make it necessary to carry out a continuous epidemiological surveillance of these conditions. The aim of this work was, therefore, to know the incidence of nosocomial infection in ICUs, their epidemiological characteristics and the use of antimicrobial agents in infected patients obtained through the information provided by the active surveillance system carried out at Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, for the 1993-1994 period. The incidence of infected patients and infections were 21.7% and 47.6%, respectively; the mean age of infected patients was 61 +/- 9.6 years and 29.6% of patients died. Sixty-four percent of infections corresponded to pneumonia and bacteremia, with incidences of 15.5% and 14.9%, respectively. The main responsible agents for pneumonia, bacteremia, surgical wound infection, urinary tract infection were P. aeruginosa, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus sp., and Candida sp., respectively. All infected patients had a central catheter in place an 57.7% were under mechanical ventilation. The most commonly used antimicrobial agents were amikacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, vancomycin, metronidazole, and gentamicin.