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Flamenco dance is present not just in many regions of Spain but also throughout the world, including places as far as Japan. These diverse teaching contexts have led to disparate studies on flamenco teaching and learning processes. However, most of these studies differ from general theories of education; for example, there is no record of studies of flamenco applying implicit learning theories. Much like music and physical education, flamenco dance entails a type of procedural learning that can be based on different theories depending on whether the focus is on learning, teaching or educational evaluation. This study aims to disclose the presence of implicit theories (direct, interpretive and constructive) in these processes, and determine Spanish and Japanese dancers' educational preferences in the classroom in connection with these theories, while exploring geographical and demographic characteristics. The results show that the situations extracted from the theories are present in the classroom, and that there is a clear connection between the country where dancers train professionally, and their age and gender. There are statistically significant differences that reveal the importance of the country with respect to the latter two characteristics. Overall, participants preferred constructivist situations. Given these results, more research should be carried out in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Analyse the evolution of the MAPEX Project (Strategic Map of Pharmaceutical Care for Outpatients) by regions in Spain, through the results of the comparative situation survey between the years 2016 and 2021., Methods: A committee of national experts belonging to the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy prepared the MAPEX Survey on the situation of Outpatient Units, which consisted of 43 specific questions on aspects related to structure, context, integration, processes, results and training, teaching and investigation. It was carried out in two periods, one in 2016 and another in 2021 (with 3 additional questions in 2021, related to the progress of the MAPEX initiative and the priority lines to follow). A comparative analysis of results was carried out at the national level and by regions in Spain., Results: 141 hospitals participated in 2016 and 138 in 2021, with representation from the 17 autonomous communities. The analysis of the results shows significant improvements in all the dimensions of the survey, with variability between the different regions. Among the most important improvements, the development and consolidation of telepharmacy stood out, the greater specialization of pharmacists by areas of knowledge and their integration into multidisciplinary teams. The improvement of the healthcare model was considered the greatest advance at a general level (65%), and remote pharmaceutical care at the hospital level (48.2%). Priority lines of work were considered the expansion and practical application of the pharmaceutical care methodology (66.4%), research (58.4%), and training in all MAPEX initiatives (53.3%)., Conclusions: The implementation and development of the MAPEX initiatives has had a positive impact on the evolution in all healthcare areas of pharmaceutical care for outpatients. The situation survey makes it possible to identify by regions the significant points for improvement, as well as those areas to be developed through strengthening and corrective actions. The expansion of the project in the coming years will mean progress towards excellence in care and in the improvement of health results., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (S.E.F.H). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction and Objective: In 2015, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) launched the Strategic Map for Outpatient Pharmaceutical Care (MAPEX), with the purpose of adapting the activity offered in Hospital Pharmacy outpatient clinics to the new healthcare context. The aim of the present study was to analyse the evolution of outpatient pharmaceutical care in Hospital Pharmacy Services in Spain in the period 2016-2021 after the implementation and development of the MAPEX initiative., Material and Method: The implementation and development of the project was carried out by a group of experts from SEFH and consisted of five phases: creation of the structure, consensus conference, situation analysis, development of strategic initiatives and evolutionary analysis. To analyse the evolutionary development, a specific 43-item questionnaire was developed that addressed aspects related to structure, context, integration, processes, outcomes and research and was answered in 2016 and 2021 (in the latter case by adding 3 additional questions)., Results: 141 hospitals participated in the status survey in 2016 and 138 in 2021. Significant differences were found in all dimensions analysed. None of the aspects assessed suffered a setback in this period. The most highly rated aspects at the general level were the improvement of the care model (65.0%) and at the local level, the incorporation of non-face-to-face pharmaceutical care (42.8%). Further progress in the coming years in the expansion and practical application of the methodology proposed in the project was considered a priority., Conclusions: The implementation and development of the MAPEX initiative has had a positive impact in terms of quality of care for outpatient pharmaceutical care in Hospital Pharmacy services in Spain., (Copyright © 2023 FECA. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)