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Celtic‐Iberian pig breeds were majority in Spain and Portugal until the first half of the 20th century. In the 1990s, they were nearly extinct as a result of the introduction of foreign improved pig breeds. Despite its historical importance, the genetic background of the Celtic‐Iberian pig strain is poorly documented. In this study, we have identified genomic regions that might contain signatures of selection peculiar of the Celtic‐Iberian genetic lineage. A total of 153 DNA samples of Celtic‐Iberian pigs (Spanish Gochu Asturcelta and Portuguese Bísara breeds), Iberian pigs (Spanish Iberian and Portuguese Alentejano breeds), Cinta Senese pig, Korean local pig and Cosmopolitan pig (Hampshire, Landrace and Large White individuals) were analysed. A pairwise‐comparison approach was applied: the Gochu Asturcelta and the Bísara samples as test populations and the five other pig populations as reference populations. Three different statistics (XP‐EHH, FST and ΔDAF) were computed on each comparison. Strict criteria were used to identify selection sweeps in order to reduce the noise brought on by the Gochu Asturcelta and Bísara breeds' severe population bottlenecks. Within test population, SNPs used to construct potential candidate genomic areas under selection were only considered if they were identified in four of ten two‐by‐two pairwise comparisons and in at least two of three statistics. Genomic regions under selection constructed within test population were subsequently overlapped to construct candidate regions under selection putatively unique to the Celtic‐Iberian pig strain. These genomic regions were finally used for enrichment analyses. A total of 39 candidate regions, mainly located on SSC5 and SSC9 and covering 3130.5 kb, were identified and could be considered representative of the ancient genomic background of the Celtic‐Iberian strain. Enrichment analysis allowed to identify a total of seven candidate genes (NOL12, LGALS1, PDXP, SH3BP1, GGA1, WIF1, and LYPD6). Other studies reported that the WIF1 gene is associated with ear size, one of the characteristic traits of the Celtic‐Iberian pig strain. The function of the other candidate genes could be related to reproduction, adaptation and immunity traits, indirectly fitting with the rusticity of a non‐improved pig strain traditionally exploited under semi‐extensive conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we discuss findings from multi-level ethnography conducted in a secondary school located in Madrid (Spain). The study focuses on the variety of institutional, family and peer-based factors that contribute to the construction of students' socio-academic trajectories. In particular, we attempt to understand the role these social fields play in the construction of educational careers that are comparatively less successful in the case of immigrant students. Our findings suggest that these "objective outcomes" are immersed in a web of discourses, practices and representations held by educators, parents and students about the future, the role of schooling in adolescents socio-educational paths and the interconnections between each social field (school, parents and peers) that show significant contradictions and discontinuities. In our analysis, we uncover some of these tensions and examine the role they play in the configuration of adolescent's educational subjectivities. (Contains 5 notes, 2 tables, and 2 figures.)

Background The advancement of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a potential diagnostic tool in the clinical setting has been studied over the years, particularly its application in cancer diagnostics. Objective To summarize previous research on FTIR spectroscopy in detecting breast cancer using serum specimens. Methods Related literature was searched and screened from various databases. Relevant data were then extracted, tabulated, and analyzed using Meta-DiSc 1.4 software. Results Sensitivity and specificity rates were 90% to 100% and 80% to 95%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was at 0.9729, indicating that serum analysis via FTIR spectroscopy can accurately discriminate between healthy individuals and patients with breast cancer. Conclusion Overall, FTIR spectroscopy for breast cancer diagnosis using serum specimens shows promising results. However, further studies are still needed to validate these claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the role of myoelectric games in the rehabilitation of paraplegic patients. The University of Valladolid neuromuscular training system, UVa-NTS platform, which allows the myoelectric command of computer applications, has been introduced in rehabilitation sessions of a group of paraplegic patients. The experiments took place both at the University of Valladolid and at the National Hospital for Paraplegics of Toledo in Spain. A homogeneous population of five patients with a C7 spinal cord injury was compared with a group of control subjects. The myoelectric control was performed with the flexor carpi radialis and the extensor carpi radialis muscles. The myoelectric routines were timed and the game scores measured. Notwithstanding the reduced mobility of the patients, they achieved fast adaptation and better timings than the control subjects in the first experiment (p < 0.001), although this difference was reduced in further experiments. Both patients and control subjects played satisfactorily with the Myo-Pong game. However, the improvement in the scores was better for the control subjects between sessions (p = 0.009) when compared with the patients (p = 0.978). The results show that patients and control subjects were able to perform and reached similar scores. However, patients' improvement in further rehabilitation sessions was lesser than when compared with the control subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study the occupational mobility experienced following migration by migrants who are university graduates or postgraduates who completed their studies before their arrival in Spain. To do so, we compared the first job they obtained in Spain with the last one held before leaving their country of origin. We identify three different types of mobility: downward mobility, lateral mobility, and upward mobility. Finally, we used logistic regression models to identify the strongest predictors of the three types of mobility previously classified. The empirical analysis was carried out using data from the Spanish National Immigrant Survey (ENI) of 2007, including information about some 15 000 individuals. Our attention will be focused on the 2 425 skilled migrants from this survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is among the most widespread mammal species throughout the old world. Presently, studies concerning microsatellites in domestic pigs and wild boars have been carried out in order to investigate domestication, social behavior and general diversity patterns among either populations or breeds. The purpose of the current study is to develop a robust set of microsatellites markers for parentage analyses and individual identification. Findings: A set of 14 previously reported microsatellites markers have been optimized and tested in three populations from Hungary, Portugal and Spain, in a total of 167 samples. The results indicate high probabilities of exclusion (0.99999), low probability of identity (2.0E-13 - 2.5E-9) and a parentage assignment of 100%. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that this set of markers is a useful and efficient tool for the individual identification and parentage assignment in wild boars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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