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Purpose: The Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (CompACT) is a 23-item questionnaire measuring psychological flexibility, a quality of life protective factor. An 18-item version was recently produced. We assessed validity and reliability of CompACT, and equivalence of paper and electronic (eCompACT) versions in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) in Italy, Germany and Spain. Methods: We used confirmatory factor analysis and assessed CompACT-23 and CompACT-18 measurement invariance between the three language versions. We assessed construct validity (Spearman's correlations) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) and equivalence of paper and eCompACT (ICC and linear regression model for repeated measures) were assessed in subsamples of PwMS. Results: A total of 725 PwMS completed the study. The three-factor structure of the CompACT-23 showed poor fit (RMSEA 0.07; CFI 0.82; SRMR 0.08), while the fit of the CompACT-18 was good (RMSEA 0.05; CFI 0.93; SRMR 0.05). Configural and partial metric invariance were confirmed, as well as partial scalar invariance (reached when five items were allowed to vary freely). The CompACT-18 showed good internal consistency (all alpha ≥ 0.78); and test–retest reliability (all ICCs ≥ 0.86). Equivalence between paper and eCompACT was excellent (all ICCs ≥ 0.86), with no mode, order, or interaction effects. Conclusion: Results support using the refined CompACT-18 as a three-factor measure of psychological flexibility in PwMS. Paper and eCompACT-18 versions are equivalent. CompACT-18 can be used cross-culturally, but sub-optimal scalar invariance suggests that direct comparison between the three language versions should be interpreted with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the progress achieved in a child who has received professional treatment combined with a family intervention at home. It discusses a 22-month-old patient identified as showing warning signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a diagnosis that was subsequently confirmed through a standardized ADOS-2 test at 31 months of age. To establish the initial working objectives, a functional diagnosis was carried out at 23 months of age using the Battelle Developmental Inventory; a maturational delay was detected, situating the child at an age equivalent to 16 months. A professional intervention was designed in an early childhood care center, complemented by family intervention, so that the hours in which the child participated in learning experiences were increased. Notable advances were made in the areas of cognitive and motor skills, with more standard scores than when initially evaluated. Progress was also observed (though to a lesser extent) in other developmental areas such as language total, adaptive behavior, and self-help, while slight delays in the areas of socio-emotional development and reasoning and academic skills were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lockdown imposed as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic has placed unprecedented stress on families. The family is a key system in relation to child development, and when birth families are unable to meet their child's needs, foster carers become an important source of support in their development. The Double ABC‐X Model of family stress and adaptation considers that a family's capacity to cope with stressful situations is influenced by pile‐up of stressors, family resources and perception of the situation. Following this model, the study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on family stress and functioning. The sample comprised 347 Spanish adults (100 with foster families and 247 with non‐foster families) who completed a survey during lockdown. The results showed that certain sociodemographic variables (gender, income, working from home, characteristics of the home and children with special educational needs) were associated with stressors during lockdown, perception of the lockdown, and family adaptation to stress during lockdown. Associations were also found between stressors, family resources, perception of lockdown, and family adaptation in foster and non‐foster families, with the former having a more positive perception of the lockdown experience. The relevance of the results and their implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Since the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak a global pandemic several million cases and more than three million deaths have been already confirmed worldwide due to COVID‐19. Design and Methods: Early Career Psychiatrists from all over the world present an overview of what happened in their own countries and what they have learned so far by this experience in everyday clinical practice. Practice Implication: We tried to take a real time picture of this unexpected situation, drawing useful hints for now and the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has a great impact worldwide. Healthcare workers play an essential role and are one of the most exposed groups. Information about the psychosocial impact on healthcare workers is limited. Methods: 3109 healthcare workers completed a national, internet-based, cross-sectional 45-item survey between 9 and 19 April 2020. The objective is to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spanish healthcare workers. A Psychological Stress and Adaptation at work Score (PSAS) was defined combining four modified versions of validated psychological assessment tests (A) Healthcare Stressful Test, (B) Coping Strategies Inventory, (C) Font-Roja Questionnaire and (D) Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Results: The highest psychosocial impact was perceived in Respiratory Medicine, the mean (S.D.) PSAS was 48.3 (13.6) and Geriatrics 47.6 (16.4). Higher distress levels were found in the geographical areas with the highest incidence of COVID-19 (>245.5 cases per 100 000 people), PSAS 46.8 (15.2); p < 0.001. The least stress respondents were asymptomatic workers PSAS, 41.3 (15.4); p < 0.001, as well as those above 60 years old, PSAS, 37.6 (16); p < 0.001. Workers who needed psychological therapy and did not receive it, were more stressed PSAS 52.5 (13.6) than those who did not need it PSAS 39.7 (13.9); p < 0.001. Conclusions: The psychological impact in healthcare workers in Spain during COVID-19 emergency has been studied. The stress perceived is parallel to the number of cases per 100 000 people. Psychotherapy could have a major role to mitigate the experimented stress level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyse the Physical Activity(PA) levels of a group of children with ASD and explore certain socio-ecological variables that may be correlated with these levels. The participants of this cross-sectional study were 20 boys and 5girls with ASD, aged between 4 and 14 years. A socio-demographic questionnaire was designed expressly to obtain socio-demographic data, and PA levels were measured with a triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph, wGT3X-BT).After performing a descriptive analysis, we analysed the relationship between the variables through Spearman correlations and performed the Kruskal Wallis test to compare the results of moderate, vigorous and very vigorous PA according to the following factors: age, gender, PA of their parents or tutors, curricular adaptations, medication, number of siblings, attention deficit, impulsiveness hyperactivity, inattentive-ness, inability to achieve success, movement difficulties, learning difficulties and fearfulness. Finally, we performed logarithmic 4th-order regression analysis for the practice of moderate-intensity activity according to the participants' age. The findings show that variables in the individual domain (i.e. gender, age, co-morbidity/features of ASD and curricular adaptations) and family domain (i.e. presence of siblings and parents' PA) may be related to the PA levels of ASD children. This investigation shows the importance of considering socio-demographic aspects in children with ASD in order to promote healthy and active lifestyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violent family relationships exhibit different forms that tend to co-occur and perpetuate over time. Research that leads to a better understanding of the concurrence of adolescent perpetration of child-to-parent violence [CPV] and dating violence [DV] is necessary for the development and improvement of interventions. Thus, this three-year longitudinal study seeks to fill a gap in the literature by exploring the mutual influence of CPV and DV throughout adolescence, as well as the predictive role of potential common and modifiable cognitive risk factors. Participants were 673 high school students (54% girls; mean age 14.33 years, SD = 0.88) from Bizkaia (Spain), who completed self-report measures about CPV and DV perpetration, and the early maladaptive schemas of mistrust, grandiosity, and insufficient self-control at three time points with a one-year interval between them. Path analysis showed that CPV and DV were cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated. Moreover, DV at T2 mediated the longitudinal association between CPV at T1 and T2. Regarding the predictive role of early maladaptive schemas, the mistrust schema predicted an increase of DV perpetration at T2 and T3, whereas the grandiosity and insufficient self-control schemas predicted an increase of CPV at T2. Adolescents' perpetration of violence towards parents and dating partners tends to co-occur, influencing each other throughout adolescence. Early maladaptive schemas play a relevant role in the explanation of these two forms of family and intimate violence, although intervention and prevention programs should consider those schemas that have shown greater influence on each type of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study sought to validate the Skills for Future Work Scale for its use with professional/vocational training (PT) and baccalaureate students. Methods: A total of 1,159 students were recruited. Structural equation analysis was performed using IBM Amos Graphics®. Results: Excellent fit indices were obtained, forming a final scale composed of nine indicators and two factors. The first dimension was associated with cognitive skills and adaptability, grouping together the skills of finding meaning, adaptable thinking, and understanding management. The second dimension comprises collaborative skills, as social intelligence and virtual collaboration. Discussion: Collaboration skills were more developed within those undertaking PT, while baccalaureate students had more strongly developed mastery over new media. This scale allows to know effectively the development of the work skills set by the European Union in the 2030 horizon. These findings contribute interesting data regarding the development of training strategies to support insertion into the job market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore the relationship between mindfulness, self-compassion and psychological flexibility, and the burnout subtypes in university students of the Psychology and Nursing degrees, and to analyse possible risk factors for developing burnout among socio-demographic and studies-related characteristics. Design: Cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 644 undergraduate students of Nursing and Psychology from two Spanish universities. Methods: The study was conducted between December 2015 and May 2016. Bivariate Pearson's correlations were computed to analyse the association between mindfulness facets, self-compassion and psychological flexibility, and levels of burnout. Multivariate linear regression models and bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were also computed. Results: The three subtypes of burnout presented significant correlations with psychological flexibility, self-compassion and some mindfulness facets. Psychological flexibility, self-compassion and the mindfulness facets of observing and acting with awareness were significantly associated to burnout. Among the risk factors, 'year of study' was the only variable to show significantly higher risk for every burnout subtype. Conclusion: The significant associations found between mindfulness, self-compassion, psychological flexibility and burnout levels underline the need of including these variables as therapeutic targets when addressing the burnout syndrome in university students. Impact. Undergraduate students, especially those of health sciences, often experience burnout. This study delves into the protective role of some psychological variables: mindfulness, self-compassion and psychological flexibility. These should be considered as potentially protective skills for developing burnout, and therefore, undergraduate students could be trained on these abilities to face their studies and their future profession to prevent experiencing burnout syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner violence is a pervasive problem and many children and adolescents live under such circumstances. The aim of this research is to qualitatively explore variations among adolescents' reactions to violence occurring at their homes by trying to identify specific patterns in how these adolescents reacted to the violence and how this is related to the length of time they have been exposed to the violence. Fifty-eight adolescents (26 boys and 32 girls, 13-18 years of age) recruited in their schools completed a self-report questionnaire including qualitative open questions regarding the beginning of the violence and their reactions to it. Adolescents often described having reacted to the violence by attempting to distance themselves from it, or by interfering to protect their mother. Only the adolescents who began witnessing family violence at a specific point in time, when something significant happened in their families or because of changes in society, expressed not wanting to think about it or described being impeded from interfering or protecting their mothers because they felt distressed. Among the adolescents who had experienced family violence for their entire life, they often described that they did nothing to prevent the violence or they avoided thinking about it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to assess the relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and child-to-parent aggression (CPA) and to test whether social information processing (SIP) mediates this association. A total of 903 adolescents (50.9% girls) completed measures of EMSs at Time 1, SIP at Time 1 and Time 2 (1 year later), and CPA at Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3 (2 years later) to determine whether SIP measured at Time 2 mediated between the EMSs measured at Time 1 and CPA measured at Time 3. The results showed that each schema evaluated in this study had a different effect on SIP components and CPA. The SIP components of anger and aggressive response access in turn predicted CPA, mediating the relationship between two EMSs and CPA. More specifically, the schemas of defectiveness and the justification of violence predicted the response access component of SIP, which in turn predicted CPA. The results also showed bidirectional relationships between SIP components and CPA; whereas SIP components predicted CPA, the latter also predicted a worsening in SIP, perpetuating the problem. Furthermore, several gender differences were found in these paths. The findings indicate that intervention in the social-cognitive mechanisms is important to reduce adolescents' aggression directed toward their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To analyze personality (Big Five Model) and cognitive–emotional variables in children and adolescents with a cleft lip/palate (s) in comparison to an equivalent peer sample without an orofacial cleft. Design: Cross-sectional study with data collected using self-reported questionnaires over 2 years. Setting: Data were collected during visits to health center dental clinics. Patients: Children and adolescents (aged 8-18 years) with nonsyndromic CL/P (n = 60) and without a cleft (n = 60). Method: Patients completed questionnaires with assistance as needed from a member of the research team. Main Outcome Measures: Children's Perceived Self-Efficacy, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (child version), Big Five Questionnaire for Children, and Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children. Results: When accounting for age, children with CL/P had normative self-efficacy and cognitive–emotional regulation strategies, with the protective factor of significantly lower rumination than peers. Children with CL/P were significantly lower on the Big Five personality areas of conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion, and agreeableness along with significantly higher neuroticism. They were similarly significantly higher than peers for alexithymia. Conclusion: Children with CL/P showed strengths in self-efficacy typical of peers and less use of some maladaptive coping strategies; however, they also had higher levels of alexithymia and risk factors associated with the Big Five Model of personality. Strategies may be clinically useful that maximize areas of strength to support children with CL/P in expressing their emotions to reduce alexithymia, coping with of negative affect, and building assertiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education institutions in Spain are required, by law, to make anticipatory reasonable adjustments for students with disabilities. This work explores the contributions of 119 faculty members for the inclusion of students with disabilities. Specifically, the aim was to know their beliefs and knowledge about reasonable adjustments, which types of adjustment they carried out, what implications that affect faculty members were associated with making such adjustments, and what support they had to apply them. A progressive data analysis was performed using a system of categories and codes. The results show that the faculty members made different types of reasonable adjustments in the classrooms, and that they had a favourable attitude toward this. However, there was a lack of knowledge about the needs of the students, as well as doubts of the faculty members based on such lack of knowledge. The research explores how inclusive faculty attend to the needs of university students with disabilities. Faculties showed predisposition and a favourable attitude toward making adjustments. The participants make different types of adjustments depending on students characteristics. University faculties need support to address to the needs of students with disabilities. The study shows that students with disabilities are a professional challenge for faculty, providing new learnings and greater professional satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore the different meanings of the experience of lower-limb amputation due to vascular causes in the time period from the fifth to twelfth week post-amputation. A phenomenological study involving semi-structured interviews was carried out. Data collection took place in a Public Hospital in Spain and included a convenience sample of 20 patients who had undergone amputation. The study highlighted patients' fears related to mobility, pain, dependence, and autonomy. Moreover, patients experience of the rehabilitation process and resources for adaptation were described as well as all the changes related to the social environment. The figure of a nurse was considered essential after amputation by the patients. This study provides a deep understanding of their experiences at the immediate time after amputation considering patients demographical associations and the etiology of the vascular pathology. This could be the starting point to understand patients' immediate needs upon discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Today, a growing number of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) wish to assess their risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. The expectations as well as the effects on quality of life (QoL) in MCI patients and their close others through biomarker-based dementia risk estimation are not well studied.Objective: The PreDADQoL project aims at providing empirical data on effects of such prediction on QoL and at developing an ethical and legal framework of biomarker-based dementia risk estimation in MCI.Methods: In the empirical study, 100 MCI-patients and their close others will be recruited from two sites (Germany and Spain). They receive standardized counselling on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker-based prediction of AD dementia and a risk disclosure based on their AD biomarker status. A mixed methods approach will be applied to assess outcomes.Results: The pilot-study yielded a specification of the research topics and newly developed questionnaires for the main assessment. Within this binational quantitative and qualitative study, data on attitudes and expectations toward AD risk prediction, QoL, risk communication, coping strategies, mental health, lifestyle changes, and healthcare resource utilization will be obtained. Together with the normative part of the project, an empirically informed ethical and legal framework for biomarker-based dementia risk estimation will be developed.Conclusion: The empirical research of the PreDADQoL study together with the ethical and legal considerations and implications will help to improve the process of counselling and risk disclosure and thereby positively affect QoL and health of MCI-patients and their close others in the context of biomarker-based dementia risk estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowing the processes of emotion regulation that children use to respond to stressful situations is essential to analyse the development of psychopathology. The objectives of this research were to study the use of nine cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) in depressed children, compared with nondepressed children, and to analyse their possible mediating effects on the relationship between childhood depression and several areas related to child psychological adjustment. The sample comprised 336 children (46.7% girls) aged 8–12 years. Participants completed measures on depression symptoms (Child Depression Inventory), psychological strengths and difficulties (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and CERS (Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Spanish kids). Correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted to test whether CERS and child gender and age predicted child depression. Mediation analyses were run to identify the CERS that mediate the relationship between depression and daily psychological adjustment. On multiple regression, children who score higher in self‐blame (β =.18, p <.01), catastrophizing (β =.24, p <.001), and other‐blame (β =.14, p ≤.01) but lower in positive reappraisal (β = −.15, p ≤.01) and females (β =.10, p <.05) were more likely to present higher scores in depression. The maladaptive CERS "other‐blame" mediated a positive relationship between depression and conduct problems and between depression and peer problems. Other‐blame mediated a negative relationship between depression and prosocial behaviour. In conclusion, this research provides evidence of which specific CERS mediate the emergence of psychopathology in vulnerable children, and provides clues for the proper orientation of psychological interventions in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The movement of individuals across territories has been shown to be a primary vector of COVID-19 transmission. As a result, lockdown policies have been decreed in many countries to stop the spread of the disease. Using information from an online survey conducted in Spain, we found a significant number of residential moves made in response to the lockdown. The current context has created new triggers for residential mobility: economic problems, feelings of fear and loneliness, the search for better housing and situations in which to spend the lockdown, and the need to be cared for and to care for others. This paper analyses the residential changes that occurred in Spain during the 2020 lockdown and the later de-escalation period, focusing on movement triggers, motivations and destinations. The results show how residential mobility changes, but also persists even when restricted, fuelled by the conditions of each social group, both pre-existing and generated by the new situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic quadruple amputations limit daily living activities; however, the current literature regarding rehabilitation treatment for multi-limb amputations is scant. The patient showed adaptation to prosthetic fittings, acquiring a level of functional independence that enabled the patient to lead a nearly independent life. The patient's therapeutic intervention was divided into a pre-prosthetic phase, which consisted of functional physical adaptation to the amputation and preparation for the prostheses, and a prosthetic phase, in which different myoelectric and microprocessor limb prostheses were integrated to be used functionally. Its functional use was favored by the training with contact electromyography feedback carried out with the Biometrics E-Link System® for the upper extremities that has made it possible to obtain many grip options in a natural way, for the lower extremities the use of the intelligent passive prostheses has overcome the functional capacity achieved in this type of patients referenced in the literature who had used prostheses of previous generations such as mechanical passive prostheses. With rehabilitation, the patient showed improvements in the following scales and questionnaires (initial vs. final values): Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire; Functional Independence Measure; Berg Balance Scale; Locomotor Capabilities Index in Amputees (an assessment of overall motor capacity); and Special Interest Group in Amputee Medicine scale (an assessment of the degree of mobility). The patient's age, psychological status, and family and personal support, in addition to technical and economic resources used for next-generation prostheses adapted to this clinical case, were crucial for his progress. The use of next-generation myoelectric and microprocessor prostheses makes it possible to achieve greater end functionality in quadruple amputees. Proximal amputation levels present greater difficulty in achieving good functionality. Early and intensive rehabilitation could favour and contribute towards improving psychological states. Age, psychological status, and pain management are aspects to take into account during the rehabilitation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study comprises a first attempt to explore a cross‐cultural application of Bowen family systems theory and examines the relationship between differentiation of self and couple adjustment using measurement invariance. A sample of 2,141 individuals (n = 915 from the United States; n = 635 from Italy; n = 591 from Spain) completed measures of differentiation of self (DSI‐R; Skowron & Schmitt, J Marital Fam Ther, 29, 2003, 209) and couple adjustment (DAS; Spanier, J Marriage Fam, 38, 1976, 15). Results showed evidence of partial measurement equivalence for the DSI‐R across the three samples. Additionally, results from latent regression showed that less emotional cutoff predicted greater couple adjustment in the United States, Spain, and Italy, whereas greater emotional reactivity predicted poorer couple adjustment only in the more collectivistic cultures, Spain and Italy. Our findings are consistent with prior empirical studies, which suggest that emotional cutoff is a strong predictor of relationship adjustment. The use of measurement invariance provides a foundation for future studies to continue employing rigorous statistical methods when examining constructs across different cultures. The findings highlight culture‐specific similarities and differences in differentiation that may benefit practitioners by informing psychotherapy with individuals, couples, or families from diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current competitive environments have created a growing interest in employee flexibility in firms. Recently researchers have differentiated between two facets of employee flexibility: behavior flexibility and skill flexibility. This study proposes a model of relationships between these two facets of employee flexibility and the extent to which HR practices influence them. This model is tested by estimating structural equation models on a sample of 226 commercial departments in Spanish companies. The results of the study show that the two facets of employee flexibility are interrelated, in that skill flexibility influences behavior flexibility. Furthermore, findings confirm the influence of job enrichment on employee flexibility and the significant effect of the internal fit among HR practices on employee flexibility. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore the experience of Spanish people living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the support these people received from health professionals, particularly nurses. Nineteen patients with >1 year diagnosis, disease activity moderate or severe (DAS28 > 3.2), and already treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were interviewed. A thematic analysis was performed to interpret the discourses. The difficulties of symptom management; the need for home-adaptations, the difficulties of living with a deteriorating self-image; and the reluctant reliance on medication to control their disease were the main themes that emerged from the discourse analysis of this study. Nurses appeared to have a limited role in RA patients care, and focused primarily on giving information and training for biological therapies. RA patients in Spain would benefit from having contact with specialist nurses who could empower them to self-manage their disease, as happens in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Identity distress, psychological symptoms, and adjustment to university (academic, social, and person‐emotional) were examined among students in Spain (N = 241; Mage = 19.0 (1.6), Md = 19; 84% female) and Canada (N = 531; Mage = 19.8 (2.2), Md = 19; 82% female). The expected positive relationships were found between these variables. Similarly, increased identity distress of Spanish students and greater maladjustment at university for those in Canada were associated with contextual differences in the respective environments. Psychological problems mediated the linkages between identity distress with academic, social, and person‐emotional functioning at university, respectively. Also, psychological problems and context/country were independent predictors of students' identity distress. Findings underscore the importance of examining contextual factors that influence student adjustment to university in relation to identity development and mental health and they offer suggestions for further research and counseling services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess whether unhealthy behaviors moderated the relationship between allostatic load (AL) and future significant depressive symptoms (SDSs) among 1,789 older Latinos. Method: Longitudinal data included baseline AL, three unhealthy behaviors (UBs), and 2-year follow-up SDS. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, stratified by birthplace (U.S. vs. foreign born), modeled the effects of AL, UB count (range = 0-3), and their interaction on follow-up SDS. Results: Compared with U.S.-born, foreign-born participants engaged in fewer UBs (0.52 vs. 0.60 behaviors, p =.01) and had higher baseline SDS (31% vs. 20%, p <.001). Among foreign-born participants, the effect of AL on future SDS (adjusted odds ratios [aORs]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) significantly increased across UB counts of 0 to 3: 1.06 [0.83, 1.35], 1.46 [1.14, 1.87], 2.00 [1.18, 3.41], and 2.75 [1.18, 6.44], respectively. Discussion: Among foreign-born Latinos, these results were most pronounced for women and adults above age 80, which may represent higher risk groups requiring more intensive screening for depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To culturally adapt into Spanish and validate the outcome "Pain: Adverse psychological response" (code 1306) in patients with chronic pain. METHODS: A three‐stage study was conducted: (a) translation and cultural adaptation, (b) content validation, and (c) clinical validation. FINDINGS: The Spanish version of the outcome "Pain: Adverse psychological response" has high content validity (0.91). Fourteen indicators were organized into two factors. This version offers good reliability in both inter‐observer agreement (kappa = 0.72) and internal consistency (alpha = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish adaptation of "Pain: Adverse psychological response" is a reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of emotional aspects of chronic pain. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The Spanish adaptation of this outcome offers nurses a set of structured indicators to measure the adverse emotional impact of chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) is the most widely used measure of difficulties with activities of daily living and academic performance in children with developmental coordination disorder, but this tool has not been adapted for use in Spain. Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the DCDQ into European Spanish (DCDQ–ES) for use in assessing motor coordination in Spanish children. Design: Cross-cultural adaptation and preliminary validation study. Setting: Community and mainstream schools in Spain. Participants: A committee of five experts oversaw the cross-cultural adaptation process. A community-based convenience sample of 31 parents of children ages 5–14 yr was used to test the comprehensibility of the DCDQ–ES. Preliminary reliability was tested with 35 randomly selected parents of children ages 6–12 yr. Outcomes and Measures: The DCDQ was translated into European Spanish and cross-culturally adapted following international guidelines. Comprehensibility was assessed using cognitive debriefing interviews. The final version of the DCDQ–ES was used for the reliability analysis. Results: Cultural relevance and equivalence and idiomatic differences between the DCDQ and DCDQ–ES were evaluated. Comprehensibility analysis led to minor modifications that facilitated comprehension and interpretation. Internal consistency and homogeneity of the DCDQ–ES were good (Cronbach's α =.857, corrected item–total correlations =.268–.692). Conclusions and Relevance: The DCDQ–ES is conceptually and semantically equivalent to DCDQ and was successfully cross-culturally adapted for the European Spanish context. Preliminary data suggest that the DCDQ–ES is a reliable measure of motor coordination in Spanish children. What This Article Adds: This study provides evidence of the cultural equivalence of the DCDQ–ES for use with Spanish children. Occupational therapists in Spain can use the DCDQ–ES to evaluate children's motor coordination difficulties in everyday activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Self-esteem has been identified as a strong predictor of depression and maladaptive behaviours in adolescents. Two relational models (A and B) were tested on the antecedent and consequent variables of self-esteem. Methods: A representative sample of 610 Spanish adolescents (52% boys) ranging in age from 11 to 16 years of age (mean age = 13.38 years, SD = 1.70 years) was used. The participants completed a battery of instruments measuring self-esteem, self-concept, importance of self-concept domains, depression symptoms, and problem behaviour. Covariance structure analysis (path analysis) from LISREL 8.54 was employed. Results: Model B presented a better fit (χ2difference (A–B) = 160.29, p < 0.001). Perceived social support (parents and classmates), and perceptions of competence in domains deemed important were positively related to self-esteem. While both self-esteem and social support (parents and classmates) were negatively related to depression symptoms, only social support (parents and teacher) appeared negatively related to behavioural problems. Conclusions: While self-esteem constitutes a strong correlate of affective symptoms in Spanish adolescents, it is unrelated to maladaptive behaviour. Social support emerged as an important protective factor. Concrete proposals for future research and prevention are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is general consensus that alcohol abuse is a risk factor to be considered in batterer intervention programs. Intimate partner violence perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems are more likely to dropout of batterer intervention programs. However, there is little research on intimate partner violence perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems completing batterer intervention programs. In this study, we analyze drop-out rates among perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems and explore whether perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems completing a batterer intervention program differ from those who do not have alcohol abuse problems in a number of outcomes. The sample was 286 males convicted for intimate partner violence against women, attending a community-based batterer intervention program. Final (i.e., recidivism) and proximal (i.e., risk of recidivism, responsibility attributions, attitudes toward violence, sexism, psychological adjustment, and social integration) intervention outcomes were analyzed. Chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and one-way ANOVA were conducted. Results confirmed higher dropout rates among perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems. Results also showed a reduction in alcohol abuse among perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems completing the batterer intervention program. Finally, results showed that, regardless of alcohol abuse problems, perpetrators who completed the batterer intervention program showed improvements in all intervention outcomes analyzed. Perpetrators both with and without alcohol abuse problems can show positive changes after completing an intervention program and, in this regard, the present study highlights the need to design more effective adherence strategies for intimate partner violence perpetrators, especially for those with alcohol abuse problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and dementia are highly prevalent worldwide. People who suffer from these disorders often receive in-home care and assistance from family members, who must dedicate a considerable amount of time to the care recipient. The study of family caregivers' psychosocial adjustment to the degenerative processes of both conditions is of interest due to the implications for the quality of life of both the care receiver and the caregiver, as well as other family members. This study compares the psychosocial adjustment of family members who care for people with dementia and Parkinson's disease and identifies the main sociodemographic variables that affect the processes of adjustment to both conditions. To this end, the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS-SR) and a sociodemographic form were administered to 157 family caregivers in Navarre, Spain. The results show that adjustment to the disease in family caregivers of people with Parkinson's disease and dementia is, in general, satisfactory and related to variables such as place of residence, income, and employment status. The illness itself (Parkinson's or dementia), however, is found to be the most influential variable in the level of psychosocial adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The framework of Positive Youth Development (PYD) arose from a strength‐based conception of the transition to adulthood. Although previous literature has provided evidence for some PYD correlates, little is known about gender differences in PYD and its outcomes in thriving and social engagement, which could improve interventions" effectiveness. Thus, this study aimed to examine gender differences in PYD dimensions (i.e., competence, confidence, connection, caring, and character), individual thriving (i.e., psychological adjustment, academic adjustment, and healthy lifestyles) and social engagement, and to examine the associations between them. Data from the 'PYD in a Cross‐National Perspective Project" in Spain were collected by administering a paper‐based self‐report to students from high school and university. Results showed greater scores in connection, caring, and character in women, as well as greater social engagement and academic adjustment. Men presented higher competence and confidence, more frequent physical activity and better psychological adjustment. In addition, more PYD was related to greater social engagement, better psychological and academic adjustment, and healthier lifestyles. Some practical implications for program design may be derived, which underscore the need to promote the five PYD dimensions equally in female and male youths in order to improve their individual thriving and social engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The measurement of the effects of chronic pain on the patients is a challenge for nurses. The purpose was to translate into Spanish and to assess the psychometrics of the indicators of the nursing outcome "Pain: disruptive effects." Methods: A three-stage study: (a) translation and cultural adaptation, (b) content validation, (c) clinical validation in 10 healthcare centers. Results: The Spanish version of the outcome "Pain: disruptive effects" has high content validity (CVI =.90) with 17 indicators organized into three factors. The Inter-observer agreement was good (kappa =.66) and the internal consistency high (alpha =.90). Conclusions: The 17 indicators of the outcome "Pain: disruptive effects" has evidence of reliability and validity for assessing the harmful effects of chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the sense of coherence among registered nurses and its relationship with health and work engagement. Background: Sense of coherence is a global orientation to view life as structured, manageable and meaningful and have the capacity to cope with stressful situations. A high sense of coherence score indicates that an individual can understand, manage and attribute meaning to events in his or her life as well as in the work environment. Registered nurses face many workplace stressors that may be easier to manage with a strong sense of coherence; however, the effect of this score on their self‐reported health status and work engagement remains unknown. Methods: In a cross‐sectional study, 109 registered nurses working in a long‐term care setting responded to a self‐administered questionnaire. Social support, work‐related family conflicts, sense of coherence, self‐reported health status and work engagement variables were analysed using multiple linear regression models. Results: Nurses with a high sense of coherence score reported no work‐related family conflicts (mean difference −6.91; 95% CI −10.65 to −3.18; p = .000), better health (r = .408) and greater work engagement (r = .223), compared to their peers with lower sense of coherence. The association between sense of coherence and self‐reported health was confirmed by linear regression modelling (β = .276, p = .003). Conclusions: Nurses with a higher sense of coherence had better health and greater work engagement. The work engagement variable showing the highest association with sense of coherence was dedication. Implications for Nursing Management: Implementing interventions that increase sense of coherence among nurses can increase commitment to their work, to the institution and to building more engaged teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: In Spain, culturally adapted tools are needed to assess sensory processing in adolescents and adults. Objective: To adapt the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) so that it is culturally appropriate for use in Spain. Design: Following standard procedures for cultural adaptation, we completed direct and back translation, conducted cognitive interviews, and examined test--retest reliability. Participants: Cognitive interviews were conducted with 18 participants ages 11-13 yr. Test--retest reliability was calculated with different samples of 30 participants who were Spanish speaking only and 30 who were Spanish and English speaking. Results: The cognitive interviews revealed no serious difficulties in comprehension. The linguistic expert made necessary adjustments, and test--retest reliability of items showed low intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs; i.e., <.50) for two items in the monolingual group and five items in the bilingual group. These items were reviewed and revised by the linguistic expert, and subsequent test--retest reliability showed only one item with an ICC of <.50. Conclusions and Relevance: The cultural adaptation of the AASP for Spain is conceptually and semantically equivalent to the original version and provides a culturally sensitive measure of sensory processing for adolescent and adult Spanish populations. What This Article Adds: The cultural adaptation of assessment tools is an essential part of occupational therapy clinical intervention. We describe the cultural adaptation to Spain of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used an actor–partner interdependence analytic approach to examine a theoretical model assessing whether lower differentiation of self is linked to higher psychological distress and lower dyadic adjustment. Data from 195 heterosexual Spanish couples were analyzed. Results showed significant actor effects in all variables. Regarding partner effects, women's emotional cutoff had a significant influence on their partner's psychological distress and dyadic adjustment; however, men's emotional cutoff had a significant relationship with their partner's dyadic adjustment but not psychological distress. Emotional reactivity on the other hand, the intrapersonal dimension of differentiation of self, did not manifest any partner effect. The findings provide (a) a new approach on the role of differentiation of self in intra- and interpersonal distress; (b) cross-cultural support for previous research; and (c) an integrated model for a systemic understanding of these variables, grounded in a strong theoretical framework, which explained up to 62% of model variance. Overall, our results support Bowen's basic assumptions and systems theory principles that a couple is an emotional unit, and suggest that interventions targeting emotional cutoff may be particularly helpful to benefit both members of the couple. Other implications for therapy and suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Healthcare professionals who work in palliative care units face stressful life events on a daily basis, most notably death. For this reason, these professionals must be equipped with the necessary protective resources to help them cope with professional and personal burnout. Despite the well-recognized importance of the construct "meaning of work," the role of this construct and its relationship with other variables is not well-understood. Our objective is to develop and evaluate a model that examines the mediating role of the meaning of work in a multidisciplinary group of palliative care professionals. Using this model, we sought to assess the relationships between meaning of work, perceived stress, personal protective factors (optimism, self-esteem, life satisfaction, personal growth, subjective vitality), and sociodemographic variables.Method: Professionals (n = 189) from a wide range of disciplines (physicians, psychologists, nurses, social workers, nursing assistants, physical therapists, and chaplains) working in palliative care units at hospitals in Madrid and the Balearic Islands were recruited. Sociodemographic variables were collected and recorded. The following questionnaires were administered: Meaning of Work Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Questionnaire, Life Orientation Test-Revised, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Subjective Vitality Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Personal Growth Scale.Result: The explanatory value of the model was high, explaining 49.5% of the variance of life satisfaction, 43% of subjective vitality, and 36% of personal growth. The main findings of this study were as follow: (1) meaning of work and perceived stress were negatively correlated; (2) optimism and self-esteem mediated the effect of stress on the meaning attached to work among palliative care professionals; (3) the meaning of work mediated the effect of stress on subjective vitality, personal growth, and life satisfaction; and (4) vitality and personal growth directly influenced life satisfaction.Significance Of Results: The proposed model showed a high explanatory value for the meaning professionals give to their work and also for perceived stress, personal protective factors, and sociodemographic variables. Our findings could have highly relevant practical implications for designing programs to promote the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To identify the key factors of adopting self‐care behaviours in the treatment of diabetes mellitus II, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia when the three conditions appear simultaneously. Background: Diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia are chronic health problems which often appear together. The correct monitoring of these pathologies when they concur simultaneously requires specific health management behaviours, to which a significant part of the population is unable of adhering, despite recommendations from professional healthcare workers. Design: A qualitative study using focus groups techniques was carried out. The elements related to the content were drafted following the recommendations of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ checklist). Methods: Patients with simultaneous diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia, as well as nursing professionals and family doctors who have treated patients at primary care centres, were the key sources of information. The methodology used to analyse the information was content analysis. Results: There were factors which can positively or negatively determine the adoption of the self‐management recommendations that healthcare professionals make to patients who simultaneously have diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia. These factors were not only associated with the patient, but also with the health carers themselves and the healthcare system and policies in force. Conclusions: When health professionals provide recommendations for self‐care to people diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia simultaneously, they should bear in mind not only the determinants of behaviour associated with the patient, but also those that are related to the health professionals themselves and with the healthcare system. The PRECEDE model could be a good tool to identify and design health education programs. Relevance to clinical practice: The knowledge of the determinants of health behaviour of patients with chronic diseases could improve adherence patients to health recommendations, avoid associated complications and increase their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) is one of the most used instruments to assess perfectionism. The FMPS assesses six dimensions: Concern over Mistakes (CM), Parental Expectations (EP), Parental Criticism (PC), Doubts about Actions (DA), Organization (OR), and Personal Standards (PS). CM, PE, PC, and DA are facets of a more general dimension considered Maladaptive Perfectionism. PS is frequently considered Adaptive Perfectionism. FMPS psychometric properties have been studied in adults but scarcely in children. We adapted the FMPS for Spanish children and adolescents and studied these properties in a sample of 1,648 Spanish young people (mean age = 13.36; SD = 2.28). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were used to test whether the FMPS dimensions found in adults are applicable to children. Results supported this hypothesis. The FMPS dimensional structure was invariant across gender and age. FMPS subscales showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α: .71-.92) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlations: .70-.85). Moderate and high correlations with measures of dysfunctional beliefs, anxiety, and depression supported the validity of the FMPS scores. Results from regression equations showed that the relationship of perfectionism with anxiety and depression is mostly due to Maladaptive Perfectionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study analyzes the parenting styles that could act as risk or protective factors for bullying and cyberbullying victimization in Spain, considering the predisposition to aggression of the adolescents. The protective or risk effect of parenting styles for adolescents' related behavior such as antisocial behavior, school adjustment, and self-esteem was also analyzed. Study sample was 1109 adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years (49.96%, females, M = 13.88, SD = 1.38). A 4 × 2 × 2 × 2 MANOVA was applied for the outcome variables of bullying victimization (traditional bullying and cyberbullying), antisocial behavior, school adjustment, and self-esteem; with parenting style, predisposition to aggression, sex and age as independent variables. The results confirm and extend emergent research in parenting styles, carried out in Spain and other European and Latin-American countries, showing that indulgent parenting, characterized by the use of reasoning and warmth practices, can act as a protective factor for both traditional bullying and cyberbullying victimization. On the contrary, authoritarian parenting, characterized by the use of physical and verbal coercion and privation practices, would act as a risk factor for cyberbullying and traditional bullying victimization. The protective and risk effects of parenting styles over adolescents' adjustment take place irrespective of the adolescents' predisposition to aggression. Highlights • No interaction between parenting styles and predisposition to aggression was found. • Authoritarian parenting is related to traditional and cyberbullying victimization. • Predisposition to aggression is related to traditional bullying victimization. • Predisposition to aggression is related to cyberbullying victimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The evaluation of individual and organizational quality of life through the Guide to Quality-of-Life Indicators and its promotion in English-speaking areas. This guide was initially designed for people living with Autism Spectrum Disorder in specialist autism centers in Spanish and Italian-speaking areas where its effectiveness has been validated. Method: The Delphi technique is applied to the design of a qualitative investigation, with expert validation for the adaptation to English-speaking areas. Results: The results have facilitated the adaptation and validation of the tool, which has 68 indicators grouped into six areas, for its application in both the planning and the evaluation processes of organizations and support services in English-speaking areas. Conclusion: The adaptation of the questionnaire on QoL indicators for people with ASD is a reliable service-provision tool intended to assess integrated programs and to improve them throughout their life-cycles; this aim is approached from the objective perspective and through a subjective evaluation. The Guide will require further updating and review procedures as new needs and contexts emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In an attempt to go beyond the analysis of children's outcomes in adoption research, the central goal of this study was the analysis of parents' reflective functioning (PRF)—understood as the parents' capacity to reflect upon their own experience as parents, upon their child's experience, and upon the relationships between them— and its connection with parent-child interactions (PCI)—referring to the behavioral patterns observed in verbal and non-verbal interactions between parents and children around a task. To measure PRF, the Parent Development Interview (PDI) was administered to 40 internationally adoptive and 58 non-adoptive parents. To measure PCI, the parent-child dyads were observed while interacting in a co-construction task. The results show reliable psychometric characteristics of PDI instrument for its use with a Spanish sample. Compared to non-adoptive mothers, adoptive PRF was found more articulate and positive, with non-adoptive mothers scoring higher in less positive or openly negative contents. Furthermore, some characteristics of the children (age and gender) and the parents (educational level) were significantly related to PDI factors. For the adoptive dyads, the relationship between PRF and PCI was particularly significant regarding the PDI contents related to the positive perception of the child in the relationship. Moreover, the behaviors in the PCI task were influenced by the child's gender and age at placement. The way parents behave with their children is influenced by their thoughts and feelings about them, and the promotion of parental mind-mindedness may facilitate more constructive interactions. Highlights • The PDI instrument, for its use with a Spanish sample, shows reliable psychometric characteristics • Parents' reflective functioning (PRF) is more articulate and positive in adoptive families than non-adoptive families • The characteristics of the children (age and gender) and the parents (educational level) are related to PRF • Adoptive parent-child interactions (PCI) are influenced by PRF as well as the child's gender and age at placement • Promotion of parental mind-mindedness may facilitate more constructive interactions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MiniMAC) is widely used to evaluate cancer patients' psychological responses to diagnosis and treatment. Validation studies of the scale have shown inconsistency in the obtained factor structures. The aim of this study was to explore the factor structure, using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and other psychometric properties of the MiniMAC in Spanish breast cancer patients.Methods: A sample of 368 women with breast cancer completed the MiniMAC and the 18 items version of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18).Results: The original pentafactorial model and three additional models derived from the empirical research -two first-order structures with four and three factors, and a second-order bifactorial structure- were tested. The five-factor model showed the best model fit and largely replicated the original MiniMAC's subscales. Five factors had acceptable reliability and showed modest correlations with emotional distress in the expected direction.Conclusions: The Spanish version of the MiniMAC has a satisfactory overall performance and serves as a brief, reliable and valid tool measuring cognitive appraisals and ensuing reactions to cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Many jobs are associated with psychological or social risk factors. Knowledge of occupational diseases is essential for adopting rational control measures. The aim was to study and describe frequent social, psychological and physiological risk factors for nurses.Methods: Psychological and social risks were evaluated in nurses with regular or irregular shifts. In addition, differences between nurses or nursing assistants were studied. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test, Profile of Mood State, Athens Insomnia Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Minnesota Leisure Time were administered.Results: Nursing assistants presented higher levels of body mass index and food restriction than nurses, nevertheless, nurses showed increasing tension in work. In nursing, shift work increases psychosocial risks, insomnia, eating disorders, and trait anxiety.Conclusions: In conclusion, nurses and nursing assistants in health centres and hospitals show high levels of exposure to psychological and psychosocial risks that are unfavourable to their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ABSTRACTObjective:Our aim was to identify the themes that arise when applying adapted meaning-centered group psychotherapy (MCGP) in Spanish-speaking advanced cancer patients.Method: A mixed qualitative-quantitative analysis was performed on the transcripts of interviews with 22 advanced cancer patients who had been assigned to three MCGP subgroups.Results: We found six new emergent themes in addition to the originally constructed themes of MCGP. Threat and uncertainty were the two most frequent emergent issues for our Spanish patients.Significance Of Results: The implementation of MCGP in Spanish patients validated the themes proposed by Breitbart and colleagues' foundational work on MCGP and also suggested new issues relevant to patient well-being (classified as "emergent themes"). Taking our findings into account, we propose that these new themes be considered in the Spanish adaptation of MCGP as well as in future adaptations of this form of psychotherapy in treating Latin American patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Resistance to change is the tendency to resist or avoid making changes; in addition, change is perceived as aversive. Resistance to change is a professional competence that can be evaluated. Objective: To adapt from the original English into Spanish the Resistance to Change Scale (RTC) by Oreg (2003) in two countries. Spam and Argentina. Method: The participants were 482 employed workers from Spain (Study 1) and PI managers from Argentina (Study 2). Results: Tie results are presented in two studies and an unifactorial structure is demonstrated after exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) are performed. The factor obtained has adequate reliability and evidence of validity is also confirmed if some external correlates and certain scales dealing with pro/anti-change behaviors, self-efficacy, the hardy personality and impulsivity are taken as references. Conclusions: This scale-could be an ideal instrument for correctly identifying RTC and it can be used as a screening tool in combination with other instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we evaluate Spanish regions’ resistance to the economic crisis under three main resilience notions: “adaptative,” “engineering” and “ecological.” “Adaptative” resilience is measured through a traditional shift-share approach applied to employment, whereas “engineering” and “ecological” resilience pay attention to growth path and total employment level, in the pre- and post-crisis period. The paper presents an application of the different notion of resilience to the case of Spanish provinces in the last years. We find that provinces with sectoral structure and location advantages, or those with locational advantages in the post-crisis period (according to the “adaptative” resilience measure), exhibit a significantly lower “drop” in growth (according to the “engineering” and “ecological” resilience measure). Furthermore, we conclude that the probability of presenting a better behavior (lower “drop” in growth than the average) increases for those regions specialized in the service sector before the crisis. As expected, the worse behavior has correspond to those regions specialized in the pre-crisis period in the construction sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to study the psychometric properties of an adaptive disease response questionnaire for use with Spanish children with type 1 diabetes; to analyse this response in this sample and to observe the relationship between adaptive response and levels of anxiety-depression. Method: a total of 100 patients with type 1 diabetes aged between nine and 16 years (M=12.28, SD=1.78) participated in the study, of which 59% were children. Data was collected in public hospitals via interviews using the Adaptive Disease Response Questionnaire and Anxiety and Depression Scale. The data was analysed using Pearson correlations, multiple hierarchical linear regressions, Student's t Test for independent samples, and Cohen's d effect size to determine reliability and validity. Result: the instrument was shown to have adequate psychometric properties. Adaptive response was generally high. Adaptive response is negatively related to emotional distress, being a better predictor of depression than of anxiety. There was no association betwee adaptation and sex and age. Conclusion: promoting a better adaptive response appears to reduce emotional distress, especially in the case of depression, regardless of the age or gender of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the impact of chronic pain physiopathology on health-related quality of life ( HR-QoL), considering the influence of pain features and psychosocial adjustment (intensity, interference, psychological comorbidities, and sleep quality). Design A cross-sectional study involving 1,025 noncancer patients with predominantly neuropathic, nociceptive, or mixed chronic pain conditions was conducted in 88 pain clinics within Spain. The EuroQol-5 Dimensions instrument ( EQ-5D) was used to measure HR-QoL. The Brief Pain Inventory ( BPI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ( HADS), and sleep scale developed for the MOS study ( MOS- SQ) were used to measure pain features and psychosocial adjustment. Multivariate analyses were used to model HR-QoL measures. Results All patients reported very low HR-QoL. The mean EQ-5D index scores were 0.33, 0.36, and 0.37 in the mixed, neuropathic, and nociceptive pain groups, respectively. The differences did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.057). Patients with nociceptive pain had less pain (least pain intensity score: 4.7 vs. 5.2 in the other groups; P = 0.006), less interference with daily activities ( BPI average interference score: 6.3 vs. 6.6 and 6.7 in the neuropathic and mixed pain groups, respectively; P = 0.013), less anxiety ( HADS score: 8.5 vs. 9.6 and 9.7 in the same respective groups; P = 0.001), and fewer sleep problems ( MOS- SQ sleep problems index: 46.8 vs. 52.2 and 50.2 in the same respective groups; P = 0.005). In the adjusted analyses, HR-QoL measures were explained by pain intensity, anxiety, and sleep quality, but not by physiopathological pain type. Conclusions Pain features, particularly intensity, have a greater impact than pain physiopathology on HR-QoL. Distinct physiopathological mechanisms give rise to different pain features that, in turn, may mediate the HR-QoL of patients with chronic pain. This could be used to improve pain management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyses the level of psychosocial adaptation of young victims of physical neglect who are under care orders for their protection and in residential care centres. The aim was to determine the relationships between the different levels of competence and/or functioning in the various areas of adaptation. Young people between the ages of 12 and 14 years participated in the study. The instruments used to evaluate their psychosocial adaptation were the Inventory of Behavioural Adaptation and the Multifactorial Self-evaluation Child Adaptation Test. The results indicate that young people suffering from physical neglect have difficulties in various areas of psychosocial adaptation. There is evidence of greater problems in the personal, social and school context than in the family context. The study stresses the importance of programmes applied in residential care centres and individualised educational treatments for the psychosocial adjustment of these young people, while also taking into account the personal, social and family circumstances that surround them. Key Practitioner Messages This research analyses psychosocial adaptation of young victims of physical neglect under care orders or institutionalised in residential care centres., The sample was made up of young people institutionalised in residential care centres., Results point to difficulties in various areas of psychosocial adaptation., There is evidence of greater problems in the personal, social and school context than in the family context., The study stresses the importance of the programmes applied in the residential care centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To research the quality of life of Spanish women with coeliac disease. Background Women with coeliac disease express lower quality of life than men with coeliac disease. Design Explanatory sequential approach using mixed methods and with a gender perspective. Methods The research was carried out between May and July 2015. In its quantitative stage, it aimed to determine the health-related quality of life in a representative sample ( n = 1097) of Spanish adult women with coeliac disease using a specific questionnaire named Coeliac Disease-Quality of Life. In its qualitative phase, it aimed to describe the life experiences of a woman with coeliac disease in a qualitative manner by means of interviews ( n = 19) with a semistructured script. Quantitative data were analysed using spss version 20 and presented in descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using the directed content analysis. Results The quantitative process gave us the values on the four aspects studied: dysphoria, disease limitations, health problems and inadequate treatment. These aspects allowed us to create a qualitative process, based on which we generated an interview, from which four larger categories emerged. These categories were feelings at diagnosis, limitations in day-to-day life, social perceptions of the disease and personal meanings of coeliac disease. Thus, both phases of our project are totally connected. There was a high level of congruence between quantitative scores and narratives. Conclusion This study shows us the strong points of mixed-methods strategy in health sciences. The mixed-methods strategy gave us a wider view of the experience of women living with coeliac disease. In our case, a strength and not a limitation is having performed the quality of life study in women with coeliac disease using a mixed methodology, approaching the experience of being a woman with coeliac disease in Spain in two different but complementary ways. The quantitative and qualitative data allowed us to interpret the experiences of our participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]