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Hydrocarbon accumulations in the Plataforma Burgalesa are located in structural traps that resulted from Mesozoic extensional forced folding. Pre-rift Triassic evaporites favoured the structural decoupling between faulted basement rocks and their supra-salt cover, which includes carbonate and fluvial reservoirs. These reservoir levels record severe syn-extension fracturing, related to the stretching of the supra-salt layers as extensional forced folding proceeded. The observed syn-extension fracture pattern has been partly modified by subsequent Cenozoic shortening. The availability of a large data set of seismic profiles, well data, oil shows, and the exposures of reservoir and seal levels, make the Plataforma Burgalesa an outstanding analogue for petroleum plays in extensional settings with supra-salt reservoirs. Here, we provide a reassessment of recently published structural data from the area, including geometry, kinematics, and fracture pattern of the partly inverted extensional forced fold system. We then compare structural features and occurrence of hydrocarbon accumulations, to discuss the implications for structural traps formation in rift basins with an intermediate décollement level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the association between colorectal cancer and exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking water is inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: We assessed long-term exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs), the most prevalent group of chlorination by-products, to evaluate the association with colorectal cancer. METHODS: A multicenter case-control study was conducted in Spain and Italy in 2008-2013. Hospital-based incident cases and population-based (Spain) and hospital-based (Italy) controls were interviewed to ascertain residential histories, type of water consumed in each residence, frequency and duration of showering/bathing, and major recognized risk factors for colorectal cancer. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) for colorectal cancer in association with quartiles of estimated average lifetime THM concentrations in each participant's residential tap water (micrograms/liter; from age 18 to 2 years before the interview) and estimated average lifetime THM ingestion from drinking residential tap water (micrograms/day). RESULTS: We analyzed 2,047 cases and 3,718 controls. Median values (ranges) for average lifetime residential tap water concentrations of total THMs, chloroform, and brominated THMs were 30 (0-174), 17 (0-63), and 9 (0-145) μg/L, respectively. Total THM concentration in residential tap water was not associated with colorectal cancer (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.28 for highest vs. lowest quartile), but chloroform concentrations were inversely associated (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.41 for highest vs. lowest quartile). Brominated THM concentrations showed a positive association among men in the highest versus the lowest quartile (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.83, 2.46). Patterns of association were similar for estimated average THM ingestion through residential water consumption. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find clear evidence of an association between detailed estimates of lifetime total THM exposure and colorectal cancer in our large case-control study population. Negative associations with chloroform concentrations and ingestion suggest differences among specific THMs, but these findings should be confirmed in other study populations. CITATION: Villanueva CM, Gracia-Lavedan E, Bosetti C, Righi E, Molina AJ, Martín V, Boldo E, Aragonés N, Perez-Gomez B, Pollan M, Gomez Acebo I, Altzibar JM, Jiménez Zabala A, Ardanaz E, Peiró R, Tardón A, Chirlaque MD, Tavani A, Polesel J, Serraino D, Pisa F, Castaño-Vinyals G, Espinosa A, Espejo-Herrera N, Palau M, Moreno V, La Vecchia C, Aggazzotti G, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Kogevinas M. 2017. Colorectal cancer and long-term exposure to trihalo-methanes in drinking water: a multicenter case -- control study in Spain and Italy. Environ Health Perspect 125:56-65; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP155 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Plataforma Burgalesa of northern Spain is not the hanging wall of a low-dipping ramp rooted in the middle/lower crust. • We list 13 critical problems concerning the Mesozoic and Cenozoic framework proposed by Ramos et al. • We criticize a model that neither honors data on the thrust system nor incorporates concepts on salt-bearing rifted margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the plate kinematics in the Cantabrian Mountains, Spain of the Pyrenean orogen. It says that the Cantabrian domain represents the western portion of the orogen and the development of mountains as related to indentation and thickening of the Bay of Biscay transitional lower crust during subduction of Iberian continental lithosphere. It mentions that the orogenic shortening of in the domain was accommodated in the northern retro-verging portion of the orogen.

Terra Nova, 24, 70-76, 2012 Abstract In the Basque-Cantabrian Basin (Northern Iberian Margin), inherited WNW-ESE-striking faults were reactivated during the Mesozoic extensional stage associated with the opening of the Bay of Biscay. Syn-rift structures in the area include different sets, apparently indicating multiple extensional stages. In particular, abundant NE-SW-striking extensional elements have been interpreted in the past as having developed during a late rifting, left-lateral transtensional stage. However, the development of these structures also fits well with an analytical model of ridge-perpendicular extension. Along-strike stretching imposed by displacement variations along inherited faults locally produced an additional stress field oriented obliquely to the regional one. This caused rotation of the local minimum stress and development of anomalously oriented transversal structures. A single extensional stage is thus inferred during Mesozoic rifting, with a stretching direction oriented approximately perpendicular to the trend of the Bay of Biscay oceanic ridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A study of macro and mesostructural deformation patterns of the southern margin of the Cantabrian area (Western Pyrenees, Spain) has revealed a complex Cenozoic tectonic framework. Right-lateral tectonics reactivated inherited WNW–ESE striking faults, which developed during Late Paleozoic and Early Triassic events, and Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous main rifting stage. The Ubierna Fault represents the southern boundary of the Mesozoic basin. During the Oligocene (even Eocene) to present day deformation, this fault and the Ventaniella Fault located to the south in the study area acted as right-lateral slightly transpressive elements forming a 120km long and 15km wide overstep area, here named Ubierna Fault System, where the cumulative right-lateral displacement exceeds 15km. The Cenozoic tectonic framework of the Ubierna Fault System includes reactivation along the WNW–ESE faults, development of negative and, mostly, positive flower structures, branch faults, strike-slip duplexes, and releasing and restraining bends. NE–SW to ENE–WSW striking reverse faults and contractional horsetail terminations, and NNW–SSE striking normal faults and joints are produced by the WNW–ESE right-lateral strike-slip motion. The extensional elements are well developed and deformation progression implied their incorporation in the strike-slip system as right-lateral faults (forming part of strike-slip duplexes). The abundance of flower structures striking WNW–ESE and paralleling the main strike-slip faults, together with the overall uplift of the overstep area, testifies for a slight compressional component. At a regional scale, the Ubierna Fault System represents the most prominent element of a Cenozoic transpressional belt, which incorporates the western portion of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin and the Asturian Massif area. Lateral transition between this transpressive belt and the dip-slip belt located to the east, occurs across an area experiencing along strike-shortening, which developed to accommodate the eastward extrusion of the transpressional belt. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Coffee contains many bioactive substances that can play a role on colorectal cancer. Epidemiological evidence of coffee intake and colorectal cancer is, however, inconsistent., Aim: To provide further information on the risk of colorectal cancer in relation to coffee consumption., Methods: Data derive from two companion case-control studies conducted in Italy and Spain within the European Union Project on Health Impacts of long-term exposure to disinfection by-products in Drinking Water and the Spanish Multi-Case Control study on Cancer. These included a total of 2289 incident cases with colorectal cancer and 3995 controls with information on coffee intake. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from unconditional logistic regression models, adjusted for study centre, sex, age, education, smoking, and other covariates., Results: Compared with never coffee drinkers, the OR was 0.99 (95% CI 0.95-1.02) for total coffee consumption. There was no significant trend in risk with dose or duration, the ORs being 0.95 (95% CI 0.72-1.25) for an amount of five or more cups per day of coffee and 0.95 (95% CI 0.75-1.19) for a duration of consumption of 50 years or longer. The OR was 1.04 (95% CI 0.87-1.25) for two or more cups per day of decaffeinated coffee. There were no heterogeneity across strata of various covariates, as well as no apparent differences between various anatomical subsites., Conclusion: This large pooled analysis of two studies shows no association of coffee and decaffeinated coffee with colorectal cancer risk., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)