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The article evaluates the efficacy of ultrasonographic screening for primary hepatocellular cacinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world, with a particularly high prevalence in Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Af rica where hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections are prevalent. A study was conducted to test the efficacy of ultrasonographic screening and the results revealed that patients receiving ultrasonographic screening had a significant reduction in mortality from HCC.