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BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing long-term dialysis may be at higher risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and of associated disease and mortality. We aimed to describe the incidence, risk factors and outcomes for infection in these patients in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: We used linked data sets to compare disease characteristics and mortality between patients receiving long-term dialysis in Ontario who were diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 positive and those who did not acquire SARS-CoV-2 infection, between Mar. 12 and Aug. 20, 2020. We collected data on SARS-CoV-2 infection prospectively. We evaluated risk factors for infection and death using multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: During the study period, 187 (1.5%) of 12 501 patients undergoing dialysis were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of those with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 117 (62.6%) were admitted to hospital and the case fatality rate was 28.3%. Significant predictors of infection included in-centre hemodialysis versus home dialysis (odds ratio [OR] 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59–4.05), living in a long-term care residence (OR 7.67, 95% CI 5.30–11.11), living in the Greater Toronto Area (OR 3.27, 95% CI 2.21–4.80), Black ethnicity (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.95–4.77), Indian subcontinent ethnicity (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.02–2.81), other non-White ethnicities (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.38–2.97) and lower income quintiles (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.15–2.89). INTERPRETATION: Patients undergoing long-term dialysis are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death from coronavirus disease 2019. Special attention should be paid to addressing risk factors for infection, and these patients should be prioritized for vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]