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Information warfare is an emerging threat which is developing into a significant future global security challenge, especially as the relationship between information and power is strengthened. Futures studies generate foresight about the manifestation of information warfare in the 2030s as an upcoming national security threat in Africa. The four scenarios developed provide plausible futures which offer early warning insights on the manifestation of information warfare as a national security threat confronting Africa during the 2030s. Polarisation poses a significant future risk in terms of leveraging information warfare as a future weapon of mass-disruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental scanning is a very critical process which must precede the implementation of occupational learning programmes in South Africa. The process could help organisations to enhance their strategic planning effort for occupational learning by reducing environmental uncertainty and improving their anticipatory management. The current study seeks to examine construct validity of an Environmental Scanning (ES) scale for the South African occupational learning context. Data were collected from 552 participants using a non-experimental cross-sectional survey design. The findings show that the ES scale is a valid and reliable measure, and the data fits the model very well (χ2 = 24.05; χ2/df = 2.67; TLI = .97; IFI = .98; NFI = .97; CFI = .98; SRMR = .02 and RMSEA = .05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]