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Copyright of Historia is the property of Historical Association of South Africa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This contribution addresses the dynamics of Dutch memory politics in the Dutch–South African exchanges between 1948 and 1975. The 1948 election victory of the Nationalist Party and their Apartheid policies brought about painful memories of Nazi attrocities, antisemitic persecurtion and anti-fascist struggle in the Netherlands. Soon, however, the Dutch government acquired an interest in highlighting a different history in relation to South Africa when referring to the notion of stamverwantschap. This implied an ethnic–racial identification of the Dutch with White, Nationalist South Africans on the basis of an alleged shared history of Dutchness. These memory politics changed after 'Sharpeville' in the 1960s. Once more memories of racist exclusion during National Socialism were revived in relation to the Apartheid regime. These memories facilitated and were strengthened by a growing anti-Apartheid movement. Yet, in their effort to be 'on the right side of history', the grassroots memory politics of the anti-Apartheid movement ignored the Dutch colonial implementation of racial inequality and its effects, not only on the Apartheid policies but also in contemporary Dutch society. This article aims to explore spaces for a synergy between narratives of historical catastrophe such as colonialism and Nazism, both with deep historical and intellectual roots in many parts of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the migratory movement from the Netherlands to South Africa and the associated migration policies in both countries over the years 1910 to 1961. Migration acts as a lens through which shifting constructions of national, transnational and racial identities can be observed. Depending on the politicians in charge, the contribution of Dutch migrants to the South African nation was alternately framed in terms of their white, civilised Europeanness (as opposed to black, uncivilised Africanness), and in terms of their alleged ‘kinship’ (stamverwantschap) with the Afrikaners (as opposed to the British). Under the restrained immigration policy of the Nationalist Party in the 1950s this gave Dutch immigrants a privileged position regarding admission to South Africa, and it gave South Africa a special appeal as country of destination for Dutch emigrants. This changed only when the ethnic identification with white Afrikaners, and European settlers in general, since 1960 gradually gave way to an internationally shared political identification with the struggles of black Africans against apartheid. By studying the migration dynamics between both countries we may gain insight into the making and unmaking of both Dutch and South African national and racial identifications, against the backdrop of a colonial heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article examines how the politics of Apartheid manifested themselves in networks that connected South Africa and the Netherlands. It analyses the transfer of narratives, images, ideas and political practices within a transnational kinship network, as well as through networks of political activists in both countries and worldwide. The footage a Dutch documentary maker shot during the 1980s, especially his focus on his well-established, ‘white’ relatives from South Africa and their encounters with ‘black’ compatriots, is used to trace these transnational dynamics. His material reveals the various narratives and markers of whiteness by which his relatives presented their privileged position in Apartheid South Africa as ‘normal’, while interviews with the filmmaker and some of his relatives in South Africa and the Netherlands some 25 years later give insights in how their performances were reshaped and received as ‘abnormal’ within the Dutch political context at the time. The post-apartheid memory work involved, show how the political and moral dilemmas are still felt to this day. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the last decades, the concept ofstamverwantschap, or the special relationship between the Dutch and Afrikaner nation, has become out of vogue. This article tries to revitalise the concept by looking at its persistency over time, even during the apartheid era. TheNederlands Zuid-Afrikaanse Werkgemeenschap(NZAW) played an especially important role in maintaining the old idea ofstamverwantschapas a principle to stand up for each other's nation, even until the present day. Although the organisation lacked influence at the governmental level, they succeeded in keeping the Dutch-Afrikaner relation alive by focusing on exchange programs for journalists, politicians, students and teachers, while propagating a ‘critical dialogue’ to reform apartheid. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses Dutch immigration to South Africa as an integral part of the nation's formation and its immigration policy between 1902 to 1961. Changing perspectives and regulations are examined, which influenced the notion of "white," among immigrating Europeans to South Africa. A pattern emerged, according to the author, which aroused controversy between differing camps, which advocated an inclusive policy of immigration on the one hand and an exclusive policy to strengthen Protestant Afrikaans culture on the other. Dutch newcomers were allegedly welcomed as they strengthened nationalism and the Apartheid government.

Copyright of Historia is the property of Historical Association of South Africa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since shrugging off the shackles of apartheid, and becoming a world player in the tourism sphere, various government policies have been introduced to place South Africa at the forefront of long-haul travel. Three major pieces of legislation: in 1992, 1996 and 2005, have led to successful re-structuring of the South African tourism industry, such that three sporting world cups, namely Rugby, Cricket and Soccer, and numerous other sporting, cultural and business events have successfully been hosted in the country. Macro policies governing tourism at the national level have been introduced to stimulate and guide tourism growth in such a way that the public at large can benefit. Furthermore, such policies have been introduced to benefit tourism growth and to monitor the negative impacts on the South African tourism industry. The World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) did a major investigation of this industry, and proposed guidelines for effective policies to be introduced. This report followed the 1996 White Paper on Tourism Development, and contributed largely to the 2005 Strategic Policy framework. This discussion paper analyses the main the principle findings of the WTTC report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]