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The tertiary industry has become the main driving force for China's economic development, and the adjustment and optimization of its structure are important prerequisites for achieving high-quality economic development. Existing studies have mostly focused on the spatial layout and influencing factors of the tertiary industry, with insufficient exploration of its internal structure. In this study, the PRD urban agglomeration is selected as the study area. On the basis of classifying the tertiary industry, the Dagum Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation, and local spatial autocorrelation are used to explore the spatial differentiation of various tertiary industries. The influencing factors are analyzed using geographical detectors, and suggestions for future development strategies are proposed. The results show that in terms of regional differentiation, the agglomeration of various tertiary industries in Guangzhou and Shenzhen is the most significant, but there is insufficient spillover to surrounding cities. In terms of development structure, the level of agglomeration of the consumptive tertiary industry is higher, the public tertiary industry tends to be more evenly distributed, and the productive tertiary industry is relatively dispersed. In terms of influencing factors, the interaction between population and employment dominates the spatial differentiation and evolution of the tertiary industry in the PRD urban agglomeration. Therefore, in the future, the tertiary industry in PRD urban agglomeration should promote the optimization of industrial structure and regional coordinated development under the guidance of the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates three types of migrant enclaves in Shenzhen and focuses on social integration from the perspective of spatial differentiation. The villages are Luofang Village, a hometown-based enclave in its increasing stage; Gongle Village, a mixed, stable enclave; and Qinghu Village, an industry-dependent enclave whose scale of migrant workers has been gradually decreasing since 2008. The findings are as follows: Luofang Village has the highest social integration level, followed by Gongle Village and Qinghu Village. Luofang Village ranks first in community integration, social relations integration, and psychological integration. Gongle Village has the highest degree of economic integration, and Qinghu Village has the highest degree of cultural integration. Social integration in Luofang Village is mainly influenced by community support, community function, age, and marital status; that in Gongle Village is mainly influenced by vocational skills, marital status, and age; and that in Qinghu Village is mainly influenced by community support and length of residence in Shenzhen. This study extends the research on differentiation in relation to the social integration of migrant workers and supplements interdisciplinary discussions on social integration. The conclusions can serve as a reference for local governments with respect to the citizenization of migrant workers. • This paper investigates the differences of social integration among the three types of migrant enclaves in Shenzhen from community integration, economic integration, social relations integration, cultural integration and psychological integration. • Community factors play an important role on social integration, especially on community integration and psychological integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]