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Dietary methylmercury (MeHg) exposure has posed substantial risks to human health. Existing studies have characterized the spatial patterns of China's MeHg exposure. However, the spatial difference and relevant influencing factors have not been investigated. This study quantified the spatial differences of dietary MeHg exposure in China and revealed the relevant influencing factors, which can help optimize the dietary behavior to reduce MeHg exposure. Results show that dietary MeHg exposure in coastal regions is significantly higher than the national average, especially in Shanghai (+191%). Dietary structure difference is the most significant factor influencing spatial differences in MeHg exposure, and its contribution increased from 64% to 73% between 2004 and 2019. In particular, the high proportion of marine fish intake dominates the significantly higher MeHg exposure in most regions. An intake ratio of 2:3 for marine and freshwater fishes is recommended to ensure minimal MeHg exposure and meanwhile meet the nutritional needs. Moreover, narrowing regional dietary behavior disparities can reduce the overall MeHg exposure in China. These findings highlight the importance of region-specific measures in reducing dietary MeHg exposure and implementing the Minamata Convention on Mercury. • Dietary MeHg exposure in coastal regions is higher than the national average of China. • Dietary structure contributes about 70% to the spatial difference in MeHg exposure. • An intake ratio of 2:3 for marine and freshwater fish is recommended for minimal exposure. • Narrowing dietary behavior disparities can reduce the overall MeHg exposure in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, a novel Janus photothermal hydrogel-fabric was developed by firmly formatting surface hydrophobized porous photothermal hydrogel on a commercial cotton fabric in large area. This Janus-architected hydrogel-fabric not merely inherits the "water activation" effect of hydrogel-based evaporator, but also combines the good mechanical property of cotton fabric. In laboratory evaporation under 1 sun illumination (1 kW m−2), this novel hydrogel-fabric coupled evaporator achieved evaporation rate up to 1.60 kg m−2 h−1 from pure water, as well as 1.55 kg m−2 h−1 from 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, exceeding the theoretical limit of plane evaporators. It also has been confirmed no salt accumulation on the photothermal hydrogel-fabric surface and no evaporation performance degradation occurring in the multicycle long-time continuous evaporation testing in saline water and simulated industrial dyeing water. Additionally, 6.3 kg m−2 of freshwater was produced from 3.5 wt% NaCl solution in 9 h under natural sunlight (average 0.46 sun, Sep. 23th 2022 in Shanghai, China), showing a great potential to seawater desalination for freshwater supply in the coastal and insular area. Considering the simple process in large-scale preparation, and efficient but also stable solar evaporation performance, this novel hydrogel-fabric coupled evaporator could promote the solar evaporation technology to large-scale application in real industrial fields. • Janus-structured hydrogel-fabric coupled evaporator is facilely prepared. • Evaporation enthalpy of water on the hydrogel-fabrics is effectively reduced. • No salt accumulation on the Janus hydrogel-fabric coupled evaporator • Continuous evaporation in 3.5 wt% brine shows a constant evaporation rate. • 9 h out-door solar evaporation achieves 6.3 kg m−2 of freshwater from 3.5 wt% brine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]