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The COVID-19 pandemic was a stressful event for all. It threatened people's physical and mental health. Previous studies have found that resilience can help people deal with stress and difficulties more effectively and prevent them from mental health problems. Coping style mediates the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being. Given the novelty and recency of the COVID-19, it is unknown whether resilience can also protect individuals in new difficulties, and whether the previous effective coping styles can be applied to new situations. The current study aimed to explore the influence mechanism of college students' resilience on negative stress response during the pandemic, and the chain mediation of coping style and positive adaptive response. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 910 college students (Mage = 20.58 years; 41.1% men, 58.9% women) studying in Shanghai by stratified random cluster sampling. At that time, they were in 27 different provinces and cities because of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The research tools included Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Positive Adaptive Response Questionnaire (PARQ), and Negative Stress Reaction Questionnaire (NSRQ). The results showed that: (1) College students' resilience, coping style, positive adaptive response and negative stress reaction were significantly correlated with each other; (2) Resilience could not directly affect negative stress reaction, but it could affect negative stress reaction through the chain mediation of coping style and positive adaptive response. These findings suggest that resilience enhancement intervention programs need to focus on the cultivation of individual positive coping style; In response to major emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, officials can help people reduce negative stress reaction by disseminating positive coping strategies through the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since COVID-19 broke out worldwide, it had caused extensive public health concerns and psychological distress, including PTSD and stigmatization towards recovered patients and people from high-risk areas. However, the association between PTSD, stigmatization and certain related factors have not been confirmed. Methods: Through cluster random sampling, 946 Chinese graduates were investigated from 5 universities in Shanghai at three months after China lifted its coronavirus lockdown. PTSD symptoms were evaluated with PCL-5. Demographic and disease-related characteristics including stigmatization, educational attainment and working position were collected to assess their association with PTSD. Results: 12.4% graduates were reported significant PTSD symptoms in PCL-5 screening with a cut-off of 33. Graduates with a Master's degree (P = 0.02) or working position like "looking for a job" and "planning to go abroad" (P = 0.038) showed severer stigmatization related to COVID-19. Stigmatization towards both patients recovering from COVID-19 and people from high-risk areas had significant association with PTSD symptoms. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that stigmatization can explain 5% of variation of PCL-5 scores after controlling gender, age, educational attainments and working position. Conclusion: Graduates who were looking for jobs or preparing to go abroad showed more stigmatization related to COVID-19. There was a positive correlation between stigma against COVID-19 and PTSD symptoms. More attention should be paid to the mental health status of graduates who are preparing to go abroad or looking for jobs. Highlights: 1. 12.4% Chinese graduates were positive for PTSD symptoms. 2. Graduates looking for a job or planning to go abroad showed severer stigmatization related to COVID-19. 3. People with severer stigmatization had more PTSD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unprecedented public panic caused by COVID-19 will affect the recovery of tourism, especially the theme parks, which are generally crowded due to high visitor volume. The purpose of this study is to discuss the effect of the COVID-19 on the theme park industry. This study aims to predict recommendation intentions of theme park visitors by exploring the complicated mechanism derived from the fear of COVID-19. This study uses a quantitative research method, and SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 22.0 were used for data analysis. An online survey was conducted with 420 Chinese respondents who visited Shanghai Disneyland after its reopening. The study explored the relationship between Fear of COVID-19, perceived risk, participation, service experience, and revisit intention. Results indicated the perceived risk of theme park visitors will not directly ruin their recommendation intention. Visitors' fear of COVID-19 enhanced their perceived risk, reduced their desire for active participation and impaired their service experience, which consequently affected their recommendation intention. We provide theoretical and managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on twelve months of ethnographic fieldwork in Shanghai, this article examines Chinese preschool children's tattling behavior as well as educators' interpretations of it. Tattling is defined as the reporting to an authority figure of other children's counternormative behavior. My research revealed distinctive characteristics of tattling in the Chinese context: the popularity of third‐party (bystander) instead of second‐party (victim) tattling, the entanglement between tattling and pleasing authority, and adults' moralistic concerns about tattlers' motivations and character, encapsulated in the discourse of "the genuine child." I further contextualized adults' concerns in widespread moral anxiety in a changing Chinese society and connected them to historical notions of childhood and morality. Taken together, these findings illuminate cultural influences on children's everyday sociomoral life in light of the continuities and changes of Chinese conceptualizations of "the child." This article facilitates conversations between anthropology and psychology and demonstrates valuable linkages between psychological anthropology and Chinese studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a long history and strong culinary heritage, time-honored restaurants are often associated with the phenomenon of nostalgia. However, research on nostalgia and nostalgic experiences in time-honored restaurants is largely absent. This study built a framework for nostalgic experiences to understand nostalgia triggers as antecedents and consumers' revisit intention as the outcome. A survey of 366 residents in Beijing and Shanghai, China, revealed that nostalgia triggered by food and service staff significantly evoked consumers' memories, and the food and restaurant environment stimulated the communitas component of nostalgic experiences. Memory had a positive effect on both communitas and positive emotions, while communitas had a positive effect on positive emotions. Finally, positive emotions resulted in significantly increased revisit intention. • This study developed a conceptual model of nostalgic experiences and validated in time-honored restaurants setting. • Nostalgic experiences triggered by food and service staff significantly evoke consumers' memories. • This study found that cognitive appraisals of nostalgia triggers have a significant influence on purchase intentions through positive emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the effects of ambient pollutants on adverse perinatal outcomes have been studied, most studies have focused on preterm birth, stillbirth, and low birthweight. Few studies have examined the effects of ambient pollutants on prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM). This study was designed to explore the acute effects of ambient pollutants on both term PROM (TPROM) and preterm PROM (PPROM). We enrolled pregnant women receiving antenatal care between October 2013 and December 2019 at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital (IPMCHH). The effects of ambient pollutants (including PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , CO, NO 2 , and 8-h O 3) on TPROM and PPROM were estimated using generalized additive models (GAMs). Exposure-response relationship curves were also evaluated using GAMs after adjustment for confounding factors. Potential lagged effects were examined using various lag models. The data of 100,200 pregnant women who delivered at IPMCHH were analyzed. The fitted spline curves for PPROM were similar to the temporal trends of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , CO and NO 2 but not O 3 , while those for TPROM were different from the temporal trends of all six air pollutants. An increased risk of PPROM was associated with increased concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 and CO on lag days 2 and 3, while no association was found between PPROM and daily concentration of O 3. After adjustment for confounding factors, there was a shift in the exposure-response curves, indicating associations between PPROM and PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , and CO on lag days 2–3. Interaction effects of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , and CO were also found to increase the risk of PPROM. In conclusion, acute exposures to six critical air pollutants were not associated with an increased risk of TPROM; however, PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , and CO were found to interact, increasing the risk for PPROM on lag days 2 and 3. [Display omitted] • Acute exposure to these air pollutants did not increase the risk of TPROM. • PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , and CO interacted with each other to increase the risk of PPROM. • No relationship between O 3 and PROM was observed. • Acute effects of 6 critical air pollutants on PROM were first studied in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The People's Republic of China (P. R. China) has made significant progress on schistosomiasis control. Among the 12 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) with schistosomiasis endemic in P. R. China, Guangdong, Shanghai, Fujian, Guangxi and Zhejiang PLADs (following as five PLADs) had successively eliminated schistosomiasis during 1985–1995. However, consolidation of the schistosomiasis elimination in these five PLADs remains challenging. In the current study, we sought to understand the epidemic situation in these post-elimination areas and their surveillance capabilities on schistosomiasis. Methods: Annual data reflecting the interventions and surveillance on human beings, cattle and snails based on county level from 2005 to 2016 were collected through the national schistosomiasis reporting system and the data were analyzed to understand the epidemic status of schistosomiasis in the five PLADs. A standardized score sheet was designed to assess the surveillance capacity for schistosomiasis of selected disease control agencies in five PLADs and ten counties. Assessment on surveillance capacity including schistosomiasis diagnostic skills, identification of snails' living and infection status and knowledge about schistosomiasis and its control were made. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the epidemic status and evaluation results on surveillance capacities. Results: The assessments showed that no local cases in humans and cattle or infected snail were found in these five PLADs since 2005. However, from 2005 to 2016, a total of 221 imported cases were detected in Zhejiang, Shanghai and Fujian, and 11.98 hm2 of new snail habitats were found in Zhejiang, Shanghai and Guangxi. In addition, snail infestation reoccurred in 247.55 hm2 of former snail habitats since 2011. For the surveillance capacity assessment, the accuracy rate of IHA and MHT were 100 and 89.3%, respectively. All participants could judge the living status of snails accurately and 98.1% on the infection status of snails. The accuracy rate of the questionnaire survey was 98.0%. Conclusions: Elimination of schistosomiasis was consolidated successfully in five PLADs of P. R. China due to effective and strong post-elimination surveillance. Comprehensive consolidation strategies should be focused on the elimination of residual snails and the prevention of imported infection sources to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the longstanding evidence on the effect of air pollutants on preterm birth (PTB), few studies have focused on its subtypes, including spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and medically indicated preterm birth (miPTB). Most studies evaluated only the short-term or long-term effects of particulate matter (PM) on PTB. Thus, we designed this study, based on a cohort of 179,385 women, to evaluate both short- and long-term effects of PM with diameters ≤2.5 μm and ≤10 μm (PM 2.5 and PM 10) on PTB, sPTB and miPTB in Shanghai. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were applied to evaluate short-term effects. Lagged effects were identified using different lag structures. Exposure-response correlation curves were plotted using GAMs after adjustment for confounders. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated using logistic regression to estimate the long-term effect after adjustment for confounders. There was 5.67%, 3.70% and 1.98% daily incidence of PTB, sPTB, and miPTB on average. Every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM 2.5 and PM 10 was positively associated with PTB and sPTB at lag 2 day. The exposure-response curves (lag 2 day) indicated a rapid increase in sPTB for PM 2.5 and a linear increase for PM 10 , in PTB for PM 2.5 and PM 10 at concentrations over 100 μg/m3. Regarding long-term exposure, positive associations were found between 10 μg/m3 increases in PM 2.5 and PM 10 in 3rd trimester and greater odds of sPTB (aOR: 1.042, 95% CI: 1.018–1.065, and 1.018, 95% CI:1.002–1.034), and during the 3 months before conception and miPTB (aOR: 1.023, 95% CI: 1.003–1.042, and 1.017, 95% CI: 1.000–1.036). Acute exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 at lag 2 day and chronic exposure in 3rd trimester was significantly associated with sPTB, while miPTB was related to chronic exposure during the 3 months before pregnancy. These findings indicate that susceptibility windows of PM exposure can be influenced by different underlying etiologies of PTB. [Display omitted] • Short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 at lag 2 day was significantly associated with an increased risk of sPTB. • At lag 2 day, the exposure-response curve was steeper in sPTB for PM 2.5 and linear for PM 10 at concentrations > 100 μg/m3. • Long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 in the third trimester during pregnancy adversely affected sPTB. • An increased risk of miPTB was related to long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 during the 3 months before pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have reported an increasing prevalence of childhood allergic rhinitis in developing countries. There is still a lack of the recent epidemiology of allergic rhinitis among Chinese preschool children. Therefore, this study explored the prevalence of rhinitis symptoms and identified their associations with potential risk factors among children at the age of 3–6 in Shanghai, China. Validated International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was adopted to collect information about rhinitis symptoms and potential risk factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between risk factors and allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis. A total of 6183 questionnaires were included in our study. The prevalence of rhinitis ever, current rhinitis, and physician-diagnosed rhinitis were 32.6%, 29.2%, and 14.3%, respectively, while the prevalence of current rhinoconjunctivitis was 11.3%. The higher prevalence was observed in boys than in girls in terms of rhinitis ever, current rhinitis, current rhinoconjunctivitis and doctor-diagnosed rhinitis. Autumn had the highest prevalence among four seasons. In our multivariate logistic regression analyses, history of allergic diseases and paracetamol use in the last year showed positive associations with the increased risk of both current rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis, and antibiotic use was an independent significant risk factor only for current rhinitis. Genetic factors, including maternal and paternal rhinitis, asthma, and eczema, were significantly associated with the prevalence of current rhinitis. Similar associations were seen between these factors and current rhinoconjunctivitis, except for paternal eczema. Among environmental factors, smoking exposure at home, heavy truck traffic in home's street, floor heating system were independent risk factors for both current rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis in the adjusted model, while cleaning the house less than once a week was only associated with current rhinitis. The prevalence of current rhinitis was 29.2% among children aged 3–6 in Shanghai, China. Sex differences and seasonal variations were observed in the prevalence of rhinitis symptoms. The identified risk factors would provide a basis for policy makers and medical experts to take intervention measures to prevent allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis. • This study is focused on children aged 3–6, which is a crucial period to timely prevent rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis. • We fully assessed the risk factors and found the combined effect of genetic, personal, and environmental factors. • Using floor heating system at home was strongly associated with both current rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Introduce a new type of nighttime light data as a nighttime vitality indicator. • Compare the performance of two type of nighttime light data. • Comparative analyses were performed at both overall and local scales. • Provide planning suggestions in the context of the new nighttime light data. In recent years, a substantial body of research has demonstrated the close relationship between the built environment and urban nighttime vitality. While scholars have established slightly varied evaluation systems for the built environment, most have utilized the open-source nighttime light (NTL) data (2012 ∼) from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Satellite to characterize nighttime vitality. However, with the release of the high spatial resolution NTL data from Glimmer Imager for Urbanization (GIU) sensor on the Sustainable Development Goals Satellite 1 (SDGSAT-1) by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), more options are now available for indicating nighttime vitality. Yet, no studies have so far measured the representational capability of this new NTL data. In this study, we selected Shanghai, one of the most urbanized cities in Asia, as our research area. We utilized both GIU NTL data and VIIRS NTL data to represent nighttime vitality and collected multidimensional geospatial big data as indicators of the built environment. Various regression models were employed to explore the differences in explanatory power when using different NTL data. To obtain more reliable conclusions, we have also divided the study area according to urban functional zone categories and conducted experiments on both the overall scale (entire study area) and local scale (different urban functional zones). The results showed that regression models using GIU NTL data had higher R2 values both at overall scale(0.529 > 0.268) and local scale (0.704 > 0.641, 0.701 > 0.408, 0.537 > 0.512, 0.674 > 0.589), indicating stronger explanatory power of GIU NTL data. Furthermore, we found that the use of GIU NTL data revealed an amplification effect, where the impact of certain representative built environment factors (such as road density, building height, and vegetation coverage) on nighttime vitality was magnified, demonstrating more pronounced spatial heterogeneity. Our study investigated the performance of the new open-source SDGSAT1/GIU NTL data in representing nighttime vitality and shows its potential application in research on the relationship between the built environment and nighttime vitality. Additionally, our study also reveals the differences in the impact of the built environment on nighttime vitality across different urban functional zones. All these results will provide more valuable references for city managers aspiring to enhance the nighttime vitality and help them to make more rational planning plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Few studies regarding the epidemiology of essential tremor (ET) and its non-motor symptoms (NMS) have been conducted to date. We thus conducted a door-to-door survey to investigate the ET and its NMS and their clinical manifestations in a rural area of Shanghai, China.Methods: We recruited 19,614 residents (≥ 50 years old), living in Malu town, Shanghai. Investigations were divided into two steps. In first step, trained physicians conducted door-to-door surveys and reported probable ET subjects to movement disorder specialists. In the second step, participants with suspected ET had their diagnosis confirmed by movement disorder specialists. We randomly selected 123 subjects from those adults who screened negative for neurological conditions as healthy controls for the study of NMS.Results: The prevalence of ET in individuals (≥ 50 years old) was 0.306% (PR = 3.06 per 1000). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores were lower in ET patients than in controls (25.81 ± 4.20 vs. 26.63 ± 3.14, P= 0.024). Complaints of restless legs reported by ET patients were significantly higher than those in controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, we did not observe a significant difference for other NMS between ET patients and controls, including olfactory function (P = 0.82), depression (P = 0.94), and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) (P = 0.71).Conclusions: The prevalence of ET in people ≥ 50 years old in a rural area of Shanghai China is low. Prevalence of certain NMSs was higher among participants with ET relative to health controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]