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From the perspective of enterprise risk management(ERM), this paper adopts excess return of shareholders as a proxy variable for firm performance and divides ERM into strategic decision-making effectiveness and internal control based on the theory of resilient risk management. Using panel data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2015 to 2020, A multiple linear regression model was established to empirically investigate the impact of digital transformation on firm performance and its underlying mechanism. The findings reveal that enterprise digital transformation can improve performance and can increase performance by improving both strategic effectiveness and internal control level. The results also show that the sample enterprises prioritize internal control during the implementation enterprise risk management. Finally, the study finds that board IT governance negatively moderates the influence of digital transformation on enterprise risk management. Further analysis demonstrates that non-state-owned firms exhibit stronger motivation than state-owned firms in promoting digital transformation for achieving higher performance outcomes. However, it is important for enterprises not to blindly increase investment in digital technology as it may lead to potential pitfalls associated with digitization paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological problems among children. The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge and attitude among preschool staff in Shanghai regarding epilepsy.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the staff at selected preschools. A stratified random sampling method was first used to identify suitable subjects. Data were obtained using a self-completed questionnaire. A standardized collection of demographic information was performed, and participants were given a questionnaire about their knowledge and attitudes regarding epilepsy.Results: A total of 1069 subjects completed the questionnaire. In this survey, 387 (36.2%) staff members had previously participated in related training. 17.6% of teachers knew how to provide appropriate first aid for seizures. Correct responses regarding first aid for seizures, such as laying the person on his or her side (24.9%), moving harmful objects out of the way (20.7%), protecting the head (36.1%), waiting until the seizure ends (7.9%), and dialing the emergency number (40.1%), were low. The staff members had different attitudes towards children with epilepsy: some subjects had a positive attitude, some had a negative attitude.Conclusions: The level of first-aid knowledge among preschool staff in Shanghai relevant to epilepsy was low. There is an urgent need to educate staff about epilepsy and appropriate first-aid practices for seizures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Fecal calprotectin (FC) is an established biomarker of gut inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate FC concentrations in healthy children between 1 and 18 months of age. Methods: Healthy children aged 1-18 months were enrolled in this study at the Department of Children's Health Care in Shanghai, China. Children’s stool samples were collected and analyzed, and FC concentration was determined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The children's weights and lengths were measured. Parents were asked to complete a brief questionnaire regarding several clinical and sociodemographic factors. Results: The FC concentrations were unevenly distributed; the median FC concentration was 174.3 μg/g (range: 6.0-1097.7 μg/g) or 2.241 log10 μg/g (range: 0.775-3.041 log10 μg/g) for all 288 children. The children were divided into several age groups: 1-3 months, 3-6 months, 6-9 months, 9-12 months and 12-18 months. The median FC concentrations for these age groups were 375.2 μg/g (2.574 log10 μg/g), 217.9 μg/g (2.338 log10 μg/g), 127.7 μg/g (2.106 log10 μg/g), 96.1 μg/g (1.983 log10 μg/g) and 104.2 μg/g (2.016 log10 μg/g), respectively. A significant correlation between age and FC concentration was found (r=-0.490, p<0.001). A simple correlation analysis of weight-for-length Z-scores or weight-for-age Z-scores vs. FC concentrations showed that these variables were negatively correlated (Spearman’s rho=-0.287, p<0.001; Spearman’s rho=-0.243, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The FC levels of children aged 1-18 months exhibit a downward trend with increasing age and are greater than the normal levels observed in healthy adults. In healthy children aged <6 months, FC levels are high. In children aged 6-18 months, FC concentrations are relatively low but are still higher than those of children aged >4 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of obese children in Shanghai has increased annually. Shanghai growth standards are higher than the World Health Organization's (WHO's) growth standards, which may influence caregiver feeding practices and enhance the risk of overweight in infants.Method: A cluster-randomized controlled trial analysed 15,019 infants (healthy newborns, ≥3 clinical consultations in one year) from 19 community health service centers in two urban areas in Shanghai. Randomization was performed at the community level. A total of 8510 infants in the S-group were assessed with the Shanghai growth standards, and 6509 infants in the W-group were assessed by the WHO growth standards. Follow-up data were collected at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months. Changes in the weight-for-age z score (WAZ), length-for-age z score (LAZ), and weight-for length z score (WLZ) were assessed using mixed regression models. Sex differences were compared between groups at all follow-up periods.Results: Compared to the S-group, the percent of overweight in boys in the W-group significantly decreased starting at 9 months (4.9% vs 3.3%, P = 0.011 at 9 months, 4.5% vs 2.5%, P < 0.001 at 12 months and 3.1% vs 0.8%, P < 0.001 at 18 months), and the percent of overweight in girls in the W-group significantly decreased starting at 12 months (3.0% vs 1.8%, P = 0.009 at 12 months and 1.7% vs 0.6%, P = 0.039 at 18 months). A decreased weight in boys (from 4 months to 18 months, P < 0.05) and an increased length in girls (from 6 months to 18 months, P < 0.05) were the key reasons for the decreased overweight percentage in the W-group.Conclusion: The adoption of the WHO growth standards could result in markedly decreased weight gain in boys and increased length gain in girls beyond the age of 18 months among urban Shanghai infants.Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR1800015371. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]