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45 soil samples were collected from 22 park green areas in Shanghai, and 16 priority PAHs were analysed. The sources and contribution of PAHs were identified and analysed by the characteristic ratio method and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method, and the health risk of PAHs in park green areas was evaluated. The results showed that PAHs in park green space soils were classified into four main sources, coking sources (32.11%) > traffic emission sources (31.98%) > coal and biomass combustion sources (27.99%) > petroleum leakage sources (7.92%). The health risk assessment indicates that the park green topsoil is basically no carcinogenic risk or non-carcinogenic risk in the park green space, which will not cause harm to human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a rare large vessel vasculitis, and epidemiological data on TAK are lacking in China. Thus, we designed this study to estimate the TAK prevalence and incidence in residential Shanghai, China. Methods: Data on diagnosed TAK cases aged over 16 years were retrieved from 22 tertiary hospitals in Shanghai through hospital electronic medical record systems between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017 to estimate the prevalence and incidence. A systematic literature review based on searches in PubMed, Ovid‐Medline, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was performed to summarize TAK distribution across the world. Results: In total 102 TAK patients, with 64% female, were identified. The point prevalence (2015‐2017) was 7.01 (95% CI 5.65‐8.37) cases per million, and the mean annual incidence was 2.33 (1.97‐3.21) cases per million. The average age of TAK patients was 44 ± 16 years, with the highest prevalence (11.59 [9.23‐19.50] cases per million) and incidence (3.55 [0.72 3.74] cases per million) in the 16 to 34 years population. Seventeen reports were included in the system review, showing that the epidemiology of TAK varied greatly across the world. The incidence and prevalence were both relatively higher in Asian countries, with the prevalence ranging 3.3‐40 cases per million and annual incidence ranging 0.34‐2.4 cases per million. Conclusions: The prevalence and incidence of TAK in Shanghai was at moderate to high levels among the previous reports. The disease burden varied globally among racial populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to study the major sources, concentrations, and distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in three different types of green space in Shanghai. In addition, we will quantitatively assess the burden of PAHs in the soil, as well as the potential carcinogenic risk of PAHs in humans. These results will provide valuable information for soil remediation and human health risk management. Materials and methods: A total of 166 surface soil samples were collected in parks, greenbelts, and woodlands. Soils were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). PAHs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to identify major PAH emission sources and quantitatively assess their contributions to PAHs. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was used to quantify the potential health risk of PAHs. Results and discussion: The average concentrations of ∑15 PAHs are 227 ± 95 ng g−1, 1632 ± 251 ng g−1, and 1888 ± 552 ng g−1 in the woodland, park, and greenbelt soils, respectively. The PMF results show that biomass (33%), coal (21%), vehicles (17%), natural gas (14%), oil (9%), and coke (7%) are the dominant sources of PAHs in the park soils. Diesel (40%), tire debris (30%), biomass (15%), gasoline (9%), and oil (5%) are the main sources in the greenbelt soils. Biomass (48%), vehicles (37%), and coal (15%) are the main sources in the woodland soils. The ILCRs of adults and children who are exposed to PAHs in soils range from 9.53 × 10−8~1.42 × 10−5. Conclusion: In three types of green space in Shanghai, the dominant PAHs are high–molecular weight (HMW) compounds (≥ 4 rings). This may be due to the proximity of the sampling site to emission sources. In addition, low–molecular weight (LMW) PAHs (with 2–3 rings) are relatively unstable, and these compounds are prone to volatilization and degradation. Source identification indicates that biomass combustion is the most dominant PAH source in the park and woodland soils, while vehicles are the dominant PAH source in the greenbelt soils. The ILCRs of adults and children indicate potential health risks, and children have a greater health risk than adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruquintinib, also called HMPL-013, was first discovered by Hutchison Whampoa Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China, and it is an oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor. In clinical trials, fruquintinib has demonstrated a survival benefit in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of fruquintinib in real-world patients. We collected data from patients with mCRC treated with oral fruquintinib from 2018 to 2020 in six different institutions. Patients with mCRC initially received 5 mg of oral fruquintinib daily for 3 weeks. Progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated using the KaplanMeier method. The efficacy and safety of fruquintinib were also assessed. Seventy-five patients were involved in our study, and 29.3% of patients achieved stable disease (SD). Median PFS was 5.4 months (95% CI: 4.8415.959). The treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) with fruquintinib were acceptable with grade 3 TEAEs of 6%. The grade 3 TEAEs were handfoot skin reaction (HFSR), fatigue, and stomatitis. The ECOG performance status was associated with PFS. In this real-world study, the clinical activity of fruquintinib was consistent with what has been reported in previous clinical trials. The level of safety was acceptable, and the side effects were manageable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental sustainability of megacities is a global problem, and megacities are experiencing increasing pressure and challenges with regard to providing a suitable living environment for people. Urban green space plays a crucial role in protecting urban ecological environments and in maintaining the physical and mental health of residents. In this study, a total of 94 soil samples from green spaces in Shanghai, including park green spaces and road green spaces in the eight central urban districts, were collected, and the contents of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed to determine the distribution characteristics and influencing factors and to assess the associated health risks. The accumulation of heavy metals was greater in park green space soils than in road green space soils, although the variation coefficient of the former was lower than that of the latter. Conversely, the accumulation of PAHs was lower in park green space soils than that in road green space soils, although the variation coefficient of the former was higher than that of the latter. In particular, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, and PAHs have accumulated in Shanghai green space soils. With increasing soil depth (0–2 cm, 2–5 cm, 5–10 cm, and 10–30 cm), the PAH content increased in the park green space soils but decreased in the road green space soils. According to the "Technical guidelines for risk assessment of contaminated sites (MEP of China 2014)," the overall health risk posed by green space soils in urban areas in Shanghai can be considered safe, except at individual sampling sites. The PAH, Cu, and Zn contents of park green space soils might be related to the application of organic materials and to traffic and industry emissions. However, the soil pollutants in road green spaces are predominantly related to traffic and industrial emissions. Therefore, the monitoring and management of soil environmental quality must be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants, particularly their leaves, play an important role in filtering both gas-phase and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, many studies have focused on the accumulation and adsorption functions of plant leaves, possibly underestimating the effects that plants have on air quality. Therefore, eight tree species from different locations in Shanghai were selected to assess PAH filtering (via adsorption and capture) using washed and unwashed plant leaves. The differences in the total PAH contents in the washed leaves were constant for the different species across the different sampling sites. The PAH levels decreased in the following order: industrial areas > traffic areas > urban areas > background area. The PAH compositions in the different plant leaves were dominated by fluorene (Fle), phenanthrene (Phe), anthracene (Ant), chrysene (Chr), fluoranthene (Flu), and pyrene (Pyr); notably, Phe accounted for 49.4-76.7% of the total PAHs. By comparing the PAH contents in the washed leaves with the PAH contents in the unwashed leaves, Pittosporum tobira ( P. tobira), Ginkgo biloba ( G. biloba), and Platanus acerifolia ( P. acerifolia) were found to be efficient species for adsorbing PAHs, while Osmanthus fragrans ( O. fragrans), Magnolia grandiflora ( M. grandiflora), and Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. ( P. cerasifera Ehrh.) were efficient species for capturing PAHs. The efficiencies of the plant leaves for the removal of PAHs from air occurred in the order of low molecular weight > medium molecular weight > high molecular weight PAHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To establish a quick, sensitive method for quantifying root canal flora and investigate the effects of different root canal preparations on the pathogenic bacteria at RNA level. METHODS: A total of 24 single,-rooted teeth with chromic apical periodontitis were selected and prepared using 3% H2O2 combined with 1% NaCIO. EDTA combined with 3% H2O21% NaCIO, respectively, the samples were taken before and after root canal preparation. After isolation of total RNA from the root canal samples, eDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription, and detected by real-time PCR. The data were analyzed with SAS 6.12 software package. RESULTS: The number of bacteria in the root canal reduced dramatically after mechanical preparation and irrigated using 3% H2O2 and 1% NaClO(P<0.01 ). Further combined with EDTA, its effect was better than that of simply irrigated using 3% H2O2 and 1% NaC1O (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Real-time PCR can be employed in file identification of bacteria flora in the root canal, both methods of root canal preparation can effectively reduce the number of bacteria flora. Supported by Research Fund of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau(Grant No. 2007012) and Research Fund of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Grant No. jdy-07060). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]