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Assessing jobs-housing balance (JHB) is crucial for the optimization of urban spatial pattern and transportation planning. However, due to the limitations of traditional data and the inability to integrate evaluation indicators, the evaluation results may be bias, conflicting with common sense. Considering interaction of multiple factors, a Job-housing balance measurement model (JHBM-SEM) was proposed to accurately evaluate the degree of JHB in a certain area. To address the problem of multi-indicator fusion, the structural equation model is used to incorporate the advantages, limitations and complementary relationships of each evaluation indicator into the evaluation process. A function relationship is defined between factor loadings, path coefficients, and variable scores to construct the measurement model and obtain comprehensive evaluation results. In addition, by integrating multi-source spatiotemporal big data mainly based on mobile signaling data, the paper can effectively mine the current status of job-housing balance in cities, and solve problems such as low precision and granularity of traditional data. The model was validated using Shanghai as an example, and the results show that compared with classical methods, the model's results are more consistent with the real situation of regional jobhousing patterns. It can identify the pseudo-balance phenomenon in underdeveloped areas of the suburbs and make reasonable evaluations, and the intermediate process can explain the direction of the imbalance factors in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fasting serum C-peptide is a biomarker of insulin production and insulin resistance, but its association with vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has never been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether C-peptide is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). A total of 4793 diabetes patients were enrolled from seven communities in Shanghai, China, in 2018. CVD was defined as a self-reported combination of previous diagnoses, including coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke. DR was examined using fundus photographs. Logistic regression analyses were performed, and multiple imputed data were used to obtain stabilized estimates. Prevalence of CVD increased with increasing C-peptide levels (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4: 33%, 34%, 37% and 44%, respectively; P for trend < 0.001), whereas DR prevalence decreased with increasing C-peptide quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4: 21%, 19%, 15% and 12%, respectively; P for trend < 0.001). On logistic regression analysis, C-peptide levels were significantly associated with CVD prevalence (1.27, 95% CI: 1.13–1.42; P < 0.001) and C-peptide quartiles (Q1: reference; Q2: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.00–1.70; Q3: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16–2.01; Q4: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.32–2.34; P for trend < 0.001). Given the interaction between C-peptide and BMI and the association between C-peptide and CVD (P for interaction = 0.015), study participants were divided into two subgroups based on BMI which revealed that the association persisted despite different BMI statuses. However, DR prevalence decreased with increasing C-peptide levels (0.73, 95% CI: 0.62–0.86; P < 0.001) and quartiles (Q1: reference; Q2: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.76–1.33; Q3: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50–0.94; Q4: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36–0.72; P for trend < 0.001). C-peptide was positively associated with CVD, but inversely associated with DR progression. The association between C-peptide and CVD could be due to associated metabolic risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential for soil heavy metal contamination in high risk areas is a crucial issue that will impact the environment. Soil samples were collected in 2003 and 2007 to investigate heavy metal contamination characteristics and pollution changes in the industrialized district of Baoshan (Shanghai, China). Both multi-statistic and geostatistic approaches were used and proved to be useful in the interpretation of the analytical results. The potential for soil contamination in the high risk areas presents a crucial issue that will impact the environment. The results indicate that soil in the Baoshan District is alkaline. Additionally, the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil increased between 2003 and 2007. The study results indicated that the concentration of the metals lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium(Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in the soil has great discrepancy, especially of Pb and Cr. The concentrations of Pb and Cr in the soil show significant difference between two observed years ( p < 0.05). The concentration of most of these metals was higher in 2007 than 2003. Only the concentrations of Cd and As were not higher in 2007. Traffic and industrial contaminants were the likely source of Pb and As; Hg largely came from agricultural contamination, household garbage and industrial contamination; Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu mainly originated from industrial activities. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that human activities mainly contributed to heavy metal contamination. Spatial distribution confirmed this by showing that areas with the highest metal concentrations occurred where there were high levels of industrial activity and traffic. Potential ecological risk assessment results showed that high risk zones were highly correlated with spatial analysis. The study estimated that in 2007, 85.2 % of the district could be categorized as high risk, which is 77.4 times more than that in 2003. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a prototype of the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source in the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, an x-ray source based on laser-Compton scattering (LCS) has been installed at the terminal of the 100 MeV linac of the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics. LCS x-rays are generated by interactions between Q-switched Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet laser pulses [with wavelength of 1064 nm and pulse width of 21 ns (full width at half maximum)] and electron bunches [with energy of 108 MeV and pulse width of 0.95 ns (rms)] at an angle of 42° between laser and electron beam. In order to measure the energy spectrum of LCS x-rays, a Si(Li) detector along the electron beam line axis is positioned at 9.8 m away from a LCS chamber. After background subtraction, the LCS x-ray spectrum with the peak energy of 29.1±4.4|stat±2.1|syst keV and the peak width (rms) of 7.8±2.8|stat±0.4|syst keV is observed. Normally the 100 MeV linac operates with the electron macropulse charge of 1.0 nC/pulse, and the electron and laser collision repetition rate of 20 Hz. Therefore, the total LCS x-ray flux of (5.2±2.0)×102 Hz can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To determine Legionella pollution prevalence, describe the amount of Legionellae with respect to temperature in Shanghai cooling tower water (CTWs) in various types of public sites. Methods and Results: Six urban districts were selected as the study fields, adopting multiple-phase sampling methods. Routine culture was used to identify Legionellae. Of the samples, 58·9% (189/321) were observed to be positive, 19·9% were isolated over 100 CFU ml−1. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was the most frequently isolated species (155/189, 82·0%), followed by Leg. micdadei that was at the second place (44/189, 23·3%). The mean CFU ml−1 of Legionellae in CTWs reached its peak from July to September. Over all 15·4% of the samples exceeding 100 CFU ml−1 were observed in a hospital setting. Conclusions: The prevalence of Legionella pollution in CTWs, especially in CTWs of subway stations and hospitals, is worrying, and the positive rate and CFU ml−1 of Legionellae in CTWs have a close relationship with air temperature. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study demonstrates pollution prevalence rates in different types of sites and various seasons, and provides a proportion of different serogroups of Legionellae. It illuminates an urgent need for dealing with the potential risk of legionellosis in Shanghai, through improved control and prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background To modify the tumor burden score (TBS) and to develop a comprehensive and practical prognostic scoring system among Chinese patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Methods 787 adult patients who underwent curative-intent liver resection for CRLM were identified from Zhongshan Hospital in Shanghai, China between June 2010 and January 2018. Tumor relapse-free survival (RFS) was the main outcomes. TBS was modified with geometric algorithms. The Cox regression model was used to identify independent predictors of prognosis. Time-dependent AUC, calibration curve, and C-index were employed to validate the predictive ability of a survival model. Results Modified TBS (mTBS) was established by a mathematical equation (parameters were CRLM size, CRLM number, and unilobar/bilobar metastasis). mTBS model (AUC=0.62 at 33 Month) out-performed TBS model (AUC=0.54 at 33 Month) in predicting RFS (P=.002). Five preoperative predictors of worse RFS were identified and were incorporated into CERR score: KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutated tumor (score 1 point); node-positive primary (1 point); extrahepatic disease (1 point); CEA level >200 ng/ml or CA 19-9 >200 U/mL (1 point); mTBS between 5 and 11 (1 point) or 12 and over (2 points). Patients undergoing hepatectomy for CRLM were stratified by CERR score into risk groups: high-risk group (CERR score 4 or more) had a 3-year RFS rate of 9.77%; medium-risk group (CERR score 2-3) had a 3-year RFS rate of 21.96%; low-risk group (CERR score 0-1) had a 3-year RFS rate of 39.90%. The CERR score model was further validated using internal bootstrap validation, and the discriminatory capacity of the CERR score was significantly superior to that of the Fong score and that of the Genetic and Morphological Evaluation (GAME) score. Conclusions Modified TBS should be promoted. The CERR score is a powerful prognostic tool that can help to determine the optimal clinical management strategies. Legal entity responsible for the study Zhongshan Hospital. Funding The National Natural Science Foundation of China. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum-based chemotherapy (PBCT) has gained an important position as a first-line treatment for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). We assessed whether maintenance chemotherapy is superior to observation after first-line PBCT in patients with mTNB. A total of 265 patients with mTNBC who exhibited disease control after 4-6 cycles of first-line PBCT at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 2008 to November 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. 107 patients who continued without additional treatment were defined as the control observation group, and the remaining 158 patients who continued to receive maintenance therapy were defined as the maintenance treatment group. The median progression-free survival (PFS) time in the maintenance group was 9.63 months, which was significantly longer than the PFS time of 7.47 months in the observation group (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.37-0.67, P < 0.0001). The median overall survival (OS) of the observation group and the maintenance group was 25.37 months and 31.27 months, respectively (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.95, P = 0.019). Multivariate analyses suggested that maintenance chemotherapy is an independent predictive factor for PFS and OS. Interaction and stratified analyses showed no difference in the PFS between the single-drug maintenance group and the two-drug maintenance group. The most common adverse event in this study was hematologic toxicity. Except for hand-foot syndrome (0 vs. 7.6%, P = 0.004), the incidence of other adverse events was not significantly different between the observation and maintenance groups. After achieving disease control with first-line PBCT in mTNBC patients, single-drug maintenance chemotherapy is recommended. Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Guidance Project, China (contract no. 18411967800); Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (grant no. 201640069); Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (grant no. 17ZR1405700); and research grant from Shanghai Hospital Development Center (grant no. SHDC12018X03). All authors have declared no conflicts of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]