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Investigation of trout (subf. Salmoninae) for their continuous osteological characters of head that included analyses of elements from skull and visceral (jaws, gills and gill covers) bones revealed the unambiguous distinction between the autochthonous and admixed brown trout Salmo trutta stocks of the Danube River drainage area in Serbia for the characters on vomer, skull height, pterotic and premaxilar bones. Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Ohrid Lake's belvica trout Salmo (Salmothymus) ohridanus were also examined as outgroup taxa in order to understand better the overall variability and to reduce bias in the methodology applied. Belvica trout were more similar to the admixed than to the autochthonous brown trout populations, especially concerning the characters on the bones of the skull. Rainbow trout appeared clearly distinct from all brown trout (autochthonous and admixed) on their elements of skull (its height and width at the sphenotic level), being similar to the autochthonous brown trout on the elements of visceral skeleton, whereas on the elements of visceral skeleton, belvica trout were the most distinct from the brown trout and the rainbow trout, mainly due to the difference in the length of the premaxilar and maxilar bones. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two morphs of the sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus, were clearly recorded in two samplings from the middle course of the Danube River in Serbia. The pooled samples comprised 47.9% pointed-snout morphs and 52.1% blunt-snout morphs. The most obvious differences were snout shape and length, mainly the differences in the snout area in front of the barbels. In addition to this snout difference, the two morphs also differed with regard to head lengths and the pre-ocular, pre-dorsal and post-dorsal areas. The determination of morphs is not exclusively related to either location or body size as sources of this mode of variability, although it seems that it is easier to detect these in larger size sterlet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multivariate phenetic approach to the classification of Salmo spp. samples from Serbia and adjacent regions of western Balkans for 22 continuous external morphological characters suggests the occurrence of the following distinct stocks: West Danubian (Crno Osoje Stream and upper Zeta River) Salmo taleri, marble trout Salmo marmoratus (Trebuščica River), hatchery-reared Atlantic Salmo trutta, Mlava River drainage (Mlava and Krupaja rivers and Buk Stream) trout Salmo cf. trutta, Velika Morava River system (Godljevača, Bela and Resava rivers) trout S. cf. trutta, Ohrid Lake belvica Salmo ohridana and Aegean coastal drainage Salmo macedonicus (Božica River). In contrast to the phenetic similarity, the phylogenetic reconstruction places the Lake Ohrid belvica as part of an unresolved polytomy with other trout groups. Salmo cf. trutta in the Mlava River appears to form the basal group for the trout species in the region. The position of marble trout implies its independent and more recent origin from the West Danubian trout stock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breakpoints in both length and weight that represent the onset of first maturation, revealed that growth and maturation were correlated with density-related parameters in stream-dwelling resident brown trout, Salmo trutta L., from nine different rivers in Serbia. The determination of density dependence of growth is not simple, as both river width and depth, as single variables of habitat and relative biomass, and density were not significantly correlated with breakpoints. The significant relationship between breakpoints and the mean weight of brown trout ( xp) suggests that differences in breakpoints were inversely related to brown trout density. The implications of density dependence for management of streams holding resident brown trout are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental studies which aim to assess the ecological impact of chemical and other types of pollution should employ a complex weight-of-evidence approach with multiple lines of evidence (LoEs). This study focused on in situ genotoxicological methods such as the comet and micronucleus assays and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis as one of the multiple LoEs (LoE3) on the fish species Alburnus alburnus (bleak) as a bioindicator. The study was carried out within the Joint Danube Survey 4 (JDS4) at nine sites in the Danube River Basin in the Republic of Serbia. Out of nine sampling sites, two were situated at the Tisa, Sava, and Velika Morava rivers, and three sites were at the Danube River. The three additionally employed LoEs were: SumTUwater calculated based on the monitoring data in the database of the Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) (LoE1); in vitro analyses of JDS4 water extracts employing genotoxicological methods (LoE2); assessment of the ecological status/potential by SEPA and indication of the ecological status for the sites performed within the JDS4 (LoE4). The analyzed biomarker responses in the bleak were integrated into the unique integrated biomarker response index which was used to rank the sites. The highest pollution pressure was recorded at JDS4 39 and JDS4 36, while the lowest was at JDS4 35. The impact of pollution was confirmed at three sites, JDS4 33, 40, and 41, by all four LoEs. At other sampling sites, a difference was observed regarding the pollution depending on the employed LoEs. This indicates the importance of implementing a comprehensive weight-of-evidence approach to ensure the impact of pollution is not overlooked when using only one LoE as is often the case in environmental studies., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the UK Environmental Mutagen Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of Al, As, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and Zn in liver, gills, gonads, and brain of four ecologically different fish species in Serbia: piscivorous northern pike, benthivorous sterlet and silver bream, and omnivorous common carp. Fish were caught at four sites along the stretch of the River Tisza in the Pannonian part of Serbia during October 2010. Results revealed that heavy metals and microelements with the highest values in fish samples were Fe, Al, and Zn. The highest concentration of heavy metals and microelements was recorded in omnivorous common carp, and organs that most intensively accumulated the greatest number of metals were liver and gills, whereas the locality did not exert a marked impact on level of bioaccumulation.

The multidisciplinary socio-economic study of fisheries in the bordering part of the Danube River between Serbia and Croatia (at the following sites: Apatin, Bačka Palanka, Bačko Novo Selo, Bezdan, and Sombor) that was performed in order to investigate various aspects of fish resource utilization (management, policy of protection and exploitation of freshwater fishery resources, present fisheries legislation, catch statistics), was realized during 2004 and 2005. Data were collected via survey with a structured interview. Socio-economic circumstances, together with ecological factors, have had an influence on the fish stock and number of commercial fishermen. Awareness of the occurring problems, both economic and ecological ones, is apparent, regardless of whether it is assessed in the field of commercial or recreational fishing. Fishery sector in Serbia is in a prolonged process of transition, with the enforcement of fishing regulations, but also the lack of control that leaves space for illegal commercial fishing. The statements, consciousness, experience and behavior of commercial fishermen represent a good basis for planning the sustainable development of fishing in this section of the Danube River.

Background: The structure and diversity of grayling (Thymallus thymallus) populations have been well studied in most of its native habitat; however the southernmost populations of the Balkan Peninsula remain largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of Serbian grayling populations, detect the impact of stocking and provide guidelines for conservation and management., Methods: Eighty grayling individuals were collected from four rivers (Ibar, Lim, Drina and Rzav). The mitochondrial DNA control region (CR; 595 bp of the 3'end and 74 bp of flanking tRNA) and the ATP6 gene (630 bp fragment) were sequenced for 20 individuals (five from each locality). In addition, all individuals were genotyped with 12 microsatellite loci. The diversity and structure of the populations as well as the recent and ancient population declines were studied using specialized software., Results: We detected three new haplotypes in the mtDNA CR and four haplotypes in the ATP6 gene of which three had not been described before. Previously, one CR haplotype and two ATP6 gene haplotypes had been identified as allochthonous, originating from Slovenia. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relations placed the remaining two CR haplotypes from the River Danube drainage of Serbia into a new clade, which is related to the previously described sister Slovenian clade. These two clades form a new Balkan clade. Microsatellite marker analysis showed that all four populations are genetically distinct from each other without any sign of intra-population structure, although stocking of the most diverse population (Drina River) was confirmed by mtDNA analysis. Recent and historical population declines of Serbian grayling do not differ from those of other European populations., Conclusions: Our study shows that (1) the Ibar, Lim and Drina Rivers grayling populations are genetically distinct from populations outside of Serbia and thus should be managed as native populations in spite of some introgression in the Drina River population and (2) the Rzav River population is not appropriate for further stocking activities since it originates from stocked Slovenian grayling. However, the Rzav River population does not represent an immediate danger to other populations because it is physically isolated from these.

Purpose: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Serbian-language version of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31 (QOLIE-31)., Methods: After undergoing a translation and cultural adaptation of its items in order to create a Serbian-language version of QOLIE-31, we assessed its psychometric properties-reliability, construct validity and criterion validity. The sample consisted of 203 adults with epilepsy. Reliability was tested both by assessing the internal consistency and by the test-retest method. Construct validity was assessed by factor analysis, multitrait-scaling analysis and method of known-groups validation. This was achieved by assessing the relationship between scales and external measures (socio-demographic characteristics, seizure severity and etiology of epilepsy). Criterion validity was assessed by correlation analysis between QOLIE-31 and Short form 36 health survey (SF-36) and Neurotoxicity scale-II., Results: The domains showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0.94). Test-retest reliability for Overall test score was 0.83 (Pearson's coefficient) indicating temporal stability. Seizure severity and etiology of epilepsy significantly influenced all QOLIE-31 domains except the Medication effect domain, with lowest scores in high seizure severity and symptomatic etiology groups. Employment status significantly influenced Overall quality of life, Emotional well-being, Social function and Overall score. Educational level was related to the Emotional well-being domain, with highest scores for students. The QOLIE-31 was highly positively correlated with SF-36 (rho=0.898) and strongly negatively correlated with Neurotoxicity scale-II (rho=-0.783)., Conclusion: Serbian adaptation of the QOLIE-31 questionnaire is reliable and valid for assessing the quality of life in patients with epilepsy., (Copyright © 2010 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)