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Flies (Diptera) play a significant role in the ecosystem as pollinators and decomposers, and they are also important vermin and disease vectors. Studies on the dipteran species are still lacking in Malaysia; therefore, the dipteran species' biology, morphology, distribution, and abundance are necessary. The objectives of this study were to identify dipteran species using a molecular approach, determine flies' Bovidae hosts, and investigate the diversity of the fly's species at three different cattle farms purposively selected in Selangor, Malaysia. The fly species were identified using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) (Haematopota javana, Tabanus rubidus, Tabanus fontinalis, Iranihindia martellata, Musca domestica, and Chrysomya megacephala), while another six species only up to genus level (Haematopota sp. 1, Musca sp. 1, Asilus sp., Metopia sp., Anasillomos sp., and Ommatius sp.). In addition, two species of hosts: Bos indicus and Bos taurus, were proven to be the associated host species for the dipteran species based on molecular data of cytochrome b (cytb). However, there were no significant differences between farms in species diversity and richness (F = 1.262, df = 2, p = 0.2459 >0.05). Interestingly, the two most dominant dipteran genera collected from the cattle farms were Musca and Chrysomya. At the same time, its abundance may have been influenced by the structure of the cattle cage flooring, which serves as a breeding site and food source. These findings contribute to fundamental epidemiological data in developing control strategies for dipteran species and are of great economic and health importance to livestock production in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article differs in explaining the economic activities in Kuala Lumpur by highlighting the development of the textile business in this city. Policy of western colonialism has resulted in British taking control of Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang by combining the four states under an administration known as the Federated Malay States (FMS) in 1896. Federated Malay States (FMS) was controlled by the British not only as a center of raw material supply, in fact as a colonial marketplace. Kuala Lumpur also received the effects of this merger because Kuala Lumpur is one of the six districts in Selangor. Although Kuala Lumpur is often highlighted as the center of mining activities, this situation did not prevent existence of various economic activities such as textile business as soon as Kuala Lumpur was declared the capital of Selangor and center of British administration. The importance of textile business activities is not measured in terms of quantity or amount of capital, but rather assessed in terms of its importance in meeting the needs of local people in the context of development in Kuala Lumpur during that period. British administration has also encouraged the emergence of textile -based businesses such as sewing garments. This opportunity has been used by companies such as John Little and Robinson from Singapore to penetrate the market in Kuala Lumpur by supplying garments to the residents. Hence, the presence of foreign companies has become a basis for the development of textile-related business activities in Kuala Lumpur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the application of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) technology as a tool to aid decision-making in a case study to locate beekeeping zones in the state of Selangor. The combination of GIS capabilities with MCDM technique provides greater effectiveness and efficiency of decision making while solving spatial decision problems. In this research, land suitability analysis and zoning was carried out with respect to the bee's biotic needs and some other important factors in apiary management. Suitability weighting was determined using the pairwise comparison matrix of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and suitability score using Weighted Overlay function in ArcGIS9. The overall consistency ratio value of AHP pairwise comparison was 0.01 which indicates a reasonable level of consistency in the deployment of the pairwise comparisons. The results of the analysis are presented and verified with actual data of the existing apiaries in Selangor. The integration of AHP model with GIS resulted in Non-Suitable, Most Suitable, Moderately Suitable and Suitable beezones. The total Non Suitable Areas (NS) was 34.73%, leaving the remainder as potential areas (65.27%). The remaining are the Most Suitable Areas (S1) 13.72 %, Suitable Areas (S2) of 27.24% and Moderately Suitable Areas of 24.32 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]