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Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate teachers' and pupils' perceptions about the effect of the SafeSpot mental health curriculum on the well‐being of young people and on their knowledge of mental health conditions. This trial intends to determine the acceptability and benefits of web and mobile technology in delivering emotional well‐being in schools, through use of the SafeSpot programme. Background: With 10% of young people aged 5 to 16 diagnosed with a mental disorder, there is pressure for schools to address their pupils' emotional well‐being. However, many educators report that their schools have insufficient provisions and feel inadequately equipped to support pupils' mental health. Methods: This qualitative analysis was embedded within a randomly allocated stepped‐wedge design, conducted in six West of Scotland secondary schools. A total of 2320 pupils (aged 11 to 14 years) and 90 teachers were included. Young people's understanding of health‐seeking, and teacher's confidence in delivering and accessing well‐being information was assessed qualitatively. Results: Qualitative analysis revealed themes highlighting the beneficial nature of SafeSpot, including pupil engagement, content of tutorials, perceived impact of SafeSpot and level of training provided for teachers. Conclusions: Web technology could potentially offer a more structured way for staff to support their pupils' mental health, whilst reducing stigma. SafeSpot was perceived, by pupils and teachers, to be engaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a significant amount of research which shows a proportion of girls are not engaging with physical education (PE) in school, resulting in a number of relatively inactive girls within the PE class. These girls are often identified in the literature as ‘low active’, ‘hard to reach’ or ‘disengaged’. Reasons for this ‘disengagement’ are often due to a combination of psychological, social and environmental barriers. Purpose: This research aimed to qualitatively explore the reasons for girls' disengagement in PE classes. By longitudinally tracking a sample of ‘disengaged girls’ from one case study school in Scotland, the study investigatedifandhowgirls' experiences and engagement are affected by a physical activity (PA) intervention programme, ‘Fit for Girls’. Research design: A questionnaire was used to identify five disengaged girls for three phases of semi-structured individual interviews. These were to track changes in girls' engagement and experiences in the PE environment. Interviews were carried out with the selected girls over an 18-month period, resulting in 15 interviews for this case study school. Data analysis: In order to understand why some girls have more positive PE experiences of a PA intervention than others, self-determination theory (SDT) was used as the theoretical framework for this paper. SDT is a useful theoretical framework for the present study because it explains task engagement in relation to the characteristics and needs of the individual, as well as the environmental conditions in which the individual acts. The theory proposes that the quality of a learner's engagement and motivation in an activity is related to the way in which the environment satisfies three main psychological needs: feelings of relatedness, competence and autonomy. Conclusions: Pre-intervention the PE environment did not fulfil the girl's basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness. However, the PA intervention, which included consultation and a choice of activity, resulted in increased participation and more positive perceptions of the subject, for most of the selected girls. These factors resulted in a more supportive PE environment overall and so were critical for the girls transition from disengagement to engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Programs to change health behaviours have been identified as one way to reduce health inequalities experienced by disadvantaged groups. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a behaviour change programme to increase walking and reduce sedentary behaviour of adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: We used a cluster randomised controlled design and recruited participants over 18 years old and not regularly involved in physical activity from intellectual disabilities community-based organisations. Assessments were carried out blind to allocation. Clusters of participants were randomly allocated to the Walk Well program or a 12-week waiting list control. Walk Well consisted of three face-to-face physical activity consultations incorporating behaviour change techniques, written resources for participants and carers, and an individualised, structured walking programme. The primary outcome measured with accelerometers was change in mean step count per day between baseline and 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included percentage time per day sedentary and in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body mass index (BMI), and subjective well being. Results: One hundred two participants in 50 clusters were randomised. 82 (80.4 %) participants completed the primary outcome. 66.7 % of participants lived in the most deprived quintile on the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. At baseline, participants walked 4780 (standard deviation 2432) steps per day, spent 65.5 % (standard deviation 10.9) of time sedentary and 59 % percent had a body mass in the obesity range. After the walking programme, the difference between mean counts of the Walk Well and control group was 69.5 steps per day [95 % confidence interval (CI) -1054 to 1193.3]. There were no significant between group differences in percentage time sedentary 1.6 % (95 % CI -2.984 to 6.102), percentage time in MVPA 0.3 % (95 % CI -0.7 to 1.3), BMI -0.2 kg/m² (95 % CI -0.8 to 0.4) or subjective well-being 0.3 (95 % CI -0.9 to 1.5). Conclusions: This is the first published trial of a walking program for adults with intellectual disabilities. Positively changing physical activity and sedentary behaviours may require more intensive programmes or upstream approaches to address the multiple social disadvantages experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities. Since participants spent the majority of their time sedentary, home-based programmes to reduce sitting time may be a viable health improvement approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent non-communicable disease globally and can have serious health sequelae impacting negatively on quality of life. In the UK most adults experience dental caries during their lifetime and the 2009 Adult Dental Health Survey reported that 85% of adults have at least one dental restoration. Conservative removal of tooth tissue for both primary and secondary caries reduces the risk of failure due to tooth-restoration, complex fracture as well as remaining tooth surfaces being less vulnerable to further caries. However, despite its prevalence there is no consensus on how much caries to remove prior to placing a restoration to achieve optimal outcomes. Evidence for selective compared to complete or near-complete caries removal suggests there may be benefits for selective removal in sustaining tooth vitality, therefore avoiding abscess formation and pain, so eliminating the need for more complex and costly treatment or eventual tooth loss. However, the evidence is of low scientific quality and mainly gleaned from studies in primary teeth., Method: This is a pragmatic, multi-centre, two-arm patient randomised controlled clinical trial including an internal pilot set in primary dental care in Scotland and England. Dental health professionals will recruit 623 participants over 12-years of age with deep carious lesions in their permanent posterior teeth. Participants will have a single tooth randomised to either the selective caries removal or complete caries removal treatment arm. Baseline measures and outcome data (during the 3-year follow-up period) will be assessed through clinical examination, patient questionnaires and NHS databases. A mixed-method process evaluation will complement the clinical and economic outcome evaluation and examine implementation, mechanisms of impact and context. The primary outcome at three years is sustained tooth vitality. The primary economic outcome is net benefit modelled over a lifetime horizon. Clinical secondary outcomes include pulp exposure, progession of caries, restoration failure; as well as patient-centred and economic outcomes., Discussion: SCRiPT will provide evidence for the most clinically effective and cost-beneficial approach to managing deep carious lesions in permanent posterior teeth in primary care. This will support general dental practitioners, patients and policy makers in decision making. Trial Registration Trial registry: ISRCTN., Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN76503940. Date of Registration: 30.10.2019. URL of trial registry record: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN76503940?q=ISRCTN76503940%20&filters=&sort=&offset=1&totalResults=1&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-search ., (© 2021. The Author(s).)