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Introduction: Thorough management of root canal anatomy and its variants is important for good prognosis of endodontic treatment. C-shaped root canal is one such important variation in root canal anatomy. Due to the complex nature of C-shaped root canals the clinicians should be familiar with this variation to achieve better success rate in endodontic treatment. Aim: To assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) among dental students and dentists of the Makkah region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia towards C-shaped root canals. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted for a period of five months from 25th September 2020 to 25th February 2021 in Dentistry program of Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah using a selfstructured, close-ended, multiple-choice questionnaire consisting of 21 questions. The questionnaire was sent using online to 503 Dental students and Dentists of Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. The study population was selected using convenient random sampling. The questionnaire was constructed and validated with the help of five endodontists with adequate teaching and clinical experience. The data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 and descriptive statistics followed by Chi-square test was applied to test of variables in the questionnaire. Results: In the study population, 68.4% (n=344) were males and 31.6% (n=159) were females, 25.2% (n=127) were undergraduate students and 74.7% (n=376) were graduate dentists, 63.2% (n=318) believe most commonly C-shaped root canals are found in mandibular second molars, 49.3% (n=248) have strongly agreed that they are proficient in diagnosing C-shaped root canals, 75.7% (n=381) have agreed that knowledge of canal anatomy will be helpful during access preparation of C-shaped root canals, 48.5% (n=244) felt use of crown down technique will be effective in managing C-shaped root canals, 72.8% (n=366) felt multiple visit endodontics is needed for successful management of C-shaped root canals and 25.8% (n=130) felt use of thermoplasticised gutta-percha compaction will be helpful in obturation. Conclusion: Knowledge of anatomical variations of root canal system and the use of advanced endodontic instruments and techniques will enable the dentists to handle difficult root canal cases thoroughly for good prognosis of dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives : An understanding of the anatomical complexity of teeth is a significant factor for a successful endodontic treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency and pattern of distribution of radix entomolaris (RE) in mandibular first molars (MFMs) of a Saudi Arabian subpopulation using CBCT scans. Materials and Methods : This study was conducted at dental clinics of Qassim University from February to May 2023 by evaluating CBCT scans that were previously obtained for diagnostic purposes. Scans of Saudi national patients with bilaterally present MFMs and fully formed root apices were included. Conversely, scans with one/or two missing MFMs, MFMs with incomplete root apices, full- or partial-coverage prosthesis, endodontic treatment, and associated radicular resorption were excluded from study. A total of 303 CBCT scans with 606 bilateral MFMs were analyzed by two calibrated evaluators for the presence of, and type according to Song's typolgy of RE. The data were analyzed using SPPS-24. The descriptive variables were documented as frequencies and percentages. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between the prevalence of RE with the gender, jaw side and age group. Both inter-rater and intra-rater agreements were estimated for detecting and classifying RE using Cohen's kappa test. Results : The sample had 63.7% males and 36.3% females. The prevalence of RE was 6.6%, with Song's type III (57.5%) as the most common variant. Absolute agreement was noted between the raters about the presence of RE and very strong agreement was noted for the classification of the RE. Conclusions : RE is an uncommon finding among the mandibular first molars of the Saudi population without any gender and quadrant predilection. The clinicians' knowledge of the presence and Song's type of RE may contribute towards the enhancement of endodontic treatment outcomes.

Background: The study's goal was to use Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to assess the root and root canal anatomy of mandibular second molars with C-shaped root canal configurations in residents of the Hail district. The impact of gender and side on the frequency of root canal morphology was considered., Methods: The sample size for this study was 304 untreated mandibular second molars with completely developed roots on the right and left sides. Using CBCT on the teeth, the root form and canal morphology for each root are based on Vertucci's classification. The occurrence of canals in the shape of a C. The prevalence and resemblance of the left and right sides or men and females were investigated. The Chi-square test was performed to evaluate the findings., Results: Of the 304 mandibular second molars studied, 286 teeth had two roots (94.1%), whilst 13 (4.3%) were C-shaped root canal systems. 77 molars (25.3%) had two canal orifices, 219 (72.0%) had three canal orifices, and six (2.0%) and one (0.3%) had four and five root canal orifices, respectively. Type IV was the most common for mesial root, accounting for 57.7% of the sample (n = 176). For distal root, the most common occurrence was type I, which occurred 282 times (96.60%). The most prevalent root canal morphology was the presence of two canals in the mesial root and one canal in the distal root of teeth with two distinct roots (variant 3). (69.4%). The overall prevalence of C-shaped root canal systems is (4.3%) (n = 13)., Conclusions: The patient's race is an undeniable factor that influences root canal anatomy. The root canal morphology of mandibular second molars revealed significant differences between Saudi subpopulations. The majority of mandibular second molars had two roots and three root canals. When treating these molars, the presence of a C-shaped root canal system must be taken into account., (© 2022. The Author(s).)