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Groundwater quality assessment is an important aspect of groundwater studies in arid environments such as Sharourah in Saudi Arabia. Sharourah governorate is located in the south of Saudi Arabia in the Empty Quarter desert. It suffers from water scarcity, and groundwater is the main source for the domestic water use. The researchers collected the samples from groundwater wells of different places in Sharourah governorate in May to august 2019. They used eighteen physical and chemical parameters to investigate the quality of the groundwater. The results showed that all parameters were below the maximum allowed according to the specifications to SASO and WHO for drinking water. The effective weight percentage and water quality index for all parameters in the samples studied were calculated according to the standards of SASO. The largest effective weights were for the parameters of Mg2 + , pH, Cl-, EC, and TDS compared to other parameters; and their mean percentage was 32.19%, 21.53%, 8.44%, 7.68%, and 6.73%, respectively. WQI values range from 38 to 70; the nine samples of the groundwater wells were classified into two categories: four wells of good water, and five of poor water. All the groundwater samples showed that the groundwater in Sharourah governorate is suitable for domestic uses, and safe for obtaining drinking water therefrom according to WQI used in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Almarei milk is produced in Saudi Arabia from aqueous solutions; this study investigates its adsorption behavior pertaining to three types of anthocyanin pigments that are used as natural food colorants and adsorbents. The three anthocyanin pigments were extracted from red cabbage (RC), grape peel (GP), and pomegranate peel (PP). The initial dye concentrations were 10-50 mg/L and temperature of the solution was 35 °C. For an equilibrium isotherms and kinetic data were evaluated using the adsorption isotherms models such as Freundlich and Langmuir models. The results which were recorded show that the best adsorption model fit with the experimental data was Langmuir model in contrast with the Freundlich model. Also more suitable adsorption kinetics model was pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models than the first-order reactions. An exothermic nature was found form the results of thermodynamic adsorption for each of thermodynamic parameters like entropy (S°), (H°) enthalpy, and free energy (G°). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]