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A new species of mymrid wasp, Lymaenon brara Zeya, Anwar & Ahmad, sp. nov. is described from Saudi Arabia. Two known species, L. taizensis Zeya & Amer, 2019, and Gonatocerus longicornis Nees, 1834, are newly recorded from Saudi Arabia. Additionally, four other species–Lymaenon aureus (Girault, 1911), L. delhiensis Narayanan & Subba Rao, 1989, L. litoralis (Haliday, 1833), and Gonatocerus aegyptiacus Soyka, 1950–are newly recorded from various provinces of Saudi Arabia. The male of L. taizensis is newly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the species richness of Dolichopodidae or long-legged flies world-wide (over 8000 species) and its prominent role as an important and ubiquitous natural enemy of pests in a variety of habitats, only four species have been recorded from Saudi Arabia prior to this study. As part of a study on the biodiversity of Diptera of south-western Saudi Arabia, a survey of the Diptera fauna of Jazan, Abha and Najran was performed from 2012 to 2016 using mainly Malaise traps, sweep nets and light traps. Twenty-one species belonging to seven subfamilies of Dolichopodidae were identified and recorded in this study, 20 species and five subfamilies of these are recorded for the first time from south-western Saudi Arabia. This study increases the total number of dolichopodid species in Saudi Arabia (including previous records) to 25. Twenty-one images are presented. A key to genera and species of the Dolichopodidae of the Arabian Peninsula is provided. A list of all dolichopodid species recorded from Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula is given. Biological information (if known) and world distribution are included. It seems likely that further species will be discovered with more research involving the use of mass trapping methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To assess the prevalence of burnout symptoms among preclinical and clinical medical students studying at AlFaisal University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire on 276 medical students from Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study was approved by Alfaisal University research ethics committee. Chi-square test was used to identify statistically significant differences, and binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of burnout. Results: 276 entered into final data analysis with a mean age 20.62 ± 1.58, of whom 54% were males, and 46% were females. The overall burnout prevalence was 13.4%, of which PA was the most prevalent domain of burnout with 64.9%. Female gender was a significant predictor of EE and DP [OR = 4.34; 95% Cl 1.86–10.13; P-value 0.001] and [OR = 2.01; 95% Cl 1.07–3.79; P-value 0.030] respectively as per multivariate analysis for demographic characteristics. Regarding the total level of burnout, females (75.7%) had significantly higher levels of burnout compared to males (41.4%); (P-value < 0.001). Conclusion: Burnout is prevalent among medical student. Gender was found to exhibits effect on the burnout. Mutual proactive strategies and reactive coping mechanisms between the students and the universities are encouraged to prevent and reduce burnout among medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bronchiolitis is a self-limiting disease of children caused by viral infections of the small airways with a wide spectrum of illness severity. Search of the literature reveals a need for refinement of criteria for testing for concomitant severe bacterial infections as well as appropriate therapeutic interventions for patients <90-day-old diagnosed with clinical bronchiolitis. We believe that a better understanding of the disease spectrum will help optimize health-care delivery to these patients. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical profile at presentation, disease course and outcome of bronchiolitis in <3-month-old infants who presented to our Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) during one disease season. Settings: Retrospective chart review during one bronchiolitis season, from November 1, 2011 to April 20, 2012. Subjects: All <90-day-old infants presenting with clinical bronchiolitis presenting to Urban PED of a tertiary care university hospital during one bronchiolitis season. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review based on computer records of all emergency department visits of infants less than 90 days with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis, covering the period between November 1, 2011 and April 30, 2012. Results: Out of the total of 1895 infants <90 days of age, 141 had a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis and 35 needed admission to hospital. Blood for culture was obtained from 47 infants, urine for culture was obtained from 46 infants and cerebrospinal fluid for culture was obtained from eight infants. One case of bacteremia was documented, but this was found to be a contaminant. No cases of meningitis occurred among these infants. However, one infant had a positive urine culture consistent with infection (Escherichia coli). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be conclude that the risk of bacteremia or meningitis among infants <90 days of age with fever and bronchiolitis is low. The risk of urinary tract infection in this age group is also low, but it is higher than the risk for meningitis or bacteremia. Our data for admission and treatment guidelines are similar to those published from other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight findings from the dialogue and proceeding research report presented by the Gender and Public Policy Programme partnered with Al-Sayedah Khadijah Bint Khuwailid Businesswomen Center and Monitor Group at the 2010 Dubai School of Government. Design/methodology/approach – A selected paper on women entrepreneurship activity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was chosen from the proceedings report at the conference for this paper. The programme participants included prominent business leaders and experts from the Gulf region. Findings – The findings presented in this paper clearly illustrate that Saudi female entrepreneurs are generally confident, educated, optimistic about the future and resourceful. However, they face several main challenges such as gender-specific obstacles in the regulatory environment, limited access to and use of formal capital and financing mechanisms, and the need for increased integration of sophisticated marketing and technology tools into business operations and greater availability of key support services. Research limitations/implications – The paper mainly focuses on women entrepreneurs in the KSA. To give a clear picture of the women's entrepreneurial activities in Middle East and North Africa region, the opinions of women located in other countries need to be investigated. Practical implications – The research has implications for government and non-governmental organisations, financial institutions or other related business development agencies to formulate effective policy and appropriate strategy to motivate Saudi women to become entrepreneurs. Originality/value – There are few Arab studies that have focused on growth-oriented, women-owned and operated businesses. The selected research paper gives some insight into the issues of women entrepreneurs from an Arab world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the presenting features of patients with nanophthalmos who presented to King Khaled Eye Specialist tertiary Hospital and their subsequent management. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series of nanophthalmos patients who presented to our institute from 1984 to 2019. Baseline features, including presenting symptoms, best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), associated clinical features, axial length, and refraction, were documented. Complications from the condition itself and as a result of surgery were also documented. The main outcome measures were the number of eyes that deteriorated by two lines or more and IOP at final follow‐up. Results: In total, there were 19 patients with bilateral nanophthalmos (38 eyes), 8 were males (42%), and 11 were females (57.9%), with a mean age of 38.8 ± 16 years (range 8‐61 years). The mean follow‐up was 10 ± 16 years (range 1–32 years). The mean ± SD IOP at presentation was 20.3 ± 7.4 mmHg (range 10–45 mmHg). Fourteen eyes had BCVA 20/20‐20/100 (36.8%), 12 had BCVA 20/125‐20/400 (31.5%), and 12 eyes had BCVA of worse than 20/400 (31.5%). The mean axial length was 16.5 ± 1.6 mm (range 14.1–20.0 mm). Over the course of follow‐up, 14 eyes had deteriorated by two or more lines (36.8%), while the majority (24 eyes) remained the same or improved (63.2%). Final IOP was within the normal range (5‐21 mmHg) in 29 eyes (76.3%), while nine eyes had IOP more than 21 mmHg (23.7%). Conclusions: More than a third (36.8%) of eyes lost two or more lines of visual acuity by the last follow‐up, with a quarter of eyes having IOP >21 mmHg. The present study represents the largest study with long‐term follow‐up and end visual outcome of patients with nanophthalmos in Saudi Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the species richness of the blow fly (Calliphoridae: Diptera) fauna (1600 species), the relevant environmental, medical, agricultural, and forensic knowledge of these species found in Saudi Arabia is limited. As part of a study on the biodiversity of Diptera of south-western Saudi Arabia a survey of the Diptera fauna of Jazan, Asir and Najran was performed between 2010-2016 at 17 sites, mainly using Malaise traps, sweep nets and baited traps. Eighteen species of Calliphoridae were identified and recorded in this study, seven of which were recorded for the first time. This makes the total number of Calliphoridae species in Saudi Arabia (including 26 species previously recorded and excluding two species which were synonymized namely: Rhyncomya zumptii Peris 1952; Chrysoma regalis Robineau-Desvoidy 1830) to be 44. A list of all species of Calliphoridae recorded from Saudi Arabia is provided. Images of five species are presented. Biological information on each species (where known) and geographical distribution are included. In addition to the results of the identifications all available literature about Calliphoridae of Saudi Arabia is summarized and analysed. The species recorded in this study are more Afrotropical in origin than they are to other regions. The need for further field and laboratory work and surveillance is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]