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In this paper, we obtain a Post-Widder-type inversion formula for a Widder–Lambert-type integral transform. We also obtain an $ L^p $ L p inversion formula, $ 1 \lt p\leq ~2 $ 1 < p ≤ 2 , for this transform by means of the Mellin transform. As a consequence of these results, we consider some class of functions regarding the Salem's equivalence to the Riemann hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let (t (m)) m ≥ 0 be Thue–Morse sequence and β > 2 be a Pisot or Salem number. In this paper, we prove that the real number ∑ m = 0 ∞ t (m 2) β m + 1 does not belong to Q (β). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present scenario, Deep Learning (DL) is one of the most popular research algorithms to increase the accuracy of data analysis. Due to intra-class differences and inter-class variation, image classification is one of the most difficult jobs in image processing. Plant or spinach recognition or classification is one of the deep learning applications through its leaf. Spinach is more critical for human skin, bone, and hair, etc. It provides vitamins, iron, minerals, and protein. It is beneficial for diet and is readily available in people's surroundings. Many researchers have proposed various machine learning and deep learning algorithms to classify plant imagesmore accurately in recent years. This paper presents a novel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to recognize spinach more accurately. The proposedCNNarchitecture classifies the spinach category, namely Amaranth leaves, Black nightshade, Curry leaves, and Drumstick leaves. The dataset contains 400 images with four classes, and each type has 100 images. The images were captured from the agricultural land located at Thirumanur, Salem district, Tamil Nadu. The proposed CNN achieves 97.5% classification accuracy. In addition, the performance of the proposedCNNis comparedwith SupportVector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG16), Visual Geometry Group 19 (VGG19) and Residual Network 50 (ResNet50). The proposed provides superior performance than other models, namely SVM, Random Forest, VGG16, VGG19 and ResNet50. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, by means of the classical inversion formula of the Mellin transform and also by means of a L2 inversion formula, we obtain corresponding inversion formulae for a Lambert-type integral transform. As a consequence of these results, we consider some class of functions regarding Salem's equivalence to the Riemann hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new method to compute lower and upper bounds for Salem numbers with a given trace and a given degree is given. With this method, it is proven that the smallest trace of Salem numbers of degree 22 is -1. Further, new lower bounds for degree of Salem numbers with minimal trace -5 and -6 are given. All Salem numbers of trace -2 and degree 24, 26 are given. This includes 7 additional Salem numbers of degree 26 beyond what was previously known. The auxiliary functions related to Chebyshev polynomials, which are adapted to Salem number, are used in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Research Paper Forwards An Endeavor To Consider Perception And Satisfaction Of Lic Strategy Holders With Uncommon Reference To Salem Locale. The Security Business In Our Country Is On The Edge Of Some Other Season Of Quick Turn Of Events. The Main Part Of Human Existence Is Its Vulnerability. In The Cutting Edge Industrialized Period, Human Existence And Property Are Unavoidably Presented To Various Types And Changing Levels Of Dangers And Vulnerabilities. Individuals, To Shield Themselves And Their Property From Complete Debacle, Resort Cleverly To Security Inclusion Reached Out By The Insurance Agencies Which Go About As A Trustee To The Sum Gathered Through Charges And Give Assurance In The Spot Of Vulnerability. This Examination Paper Uncovers The Perception, Satisfaction And Issues Of Lic Strategy Holders. This Examination Has Been Embraced Mostly To Feature The Insight, Satisfaction And Issues Of Life Protection Strategy Holders. There Are A Number Insurance Agencies Are Accessible At This Point. Yet, The Job Of Lic Impacting People Groups Must Be Determined. In This Exceptionally Rivalry Climate Lic Needs To Fulfill The Clients To Acquire Than Other Insurance Agencies. So Understanding The Client Needs, Their Issues Will Empower The Insurance Agency To Configuration Proper Items Deciding Cost Effectively And Increment Their Productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article deals with properties of one class of functions with complicated local structure. These functions can be modeled by certain operators of digits. Such operators were considered by the author earlier (for example, see [27,39] and references therein). This research is a generalization of investigations presented in the last-mentioned papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let (a_k)_{k\in \mathbb N} be an increasing sequence of positive integers satisfying the Hadamard gap condition a_{k+1}/a_k> q >1 for all k\in \mathbb N, and let \begin{equation*} S_n(\omega) = \sum _{k=1}^n \cos (2\pi a_k \omega), \qquad n\in \mathbb N, \; \omega \in [0,1]. \end{equation*} Then S_n is called a lacunary trigonometric sum, and can be viewed as a random variable defined on the probability space \Omega = [0,1] endowed with Lebesgue measure. Lacunary sums are known to exhibit several properties that are typical for sums of independent random variables. For example, a central limit theorem for (S_n)_{n\in \mathbb {N}} has been obtained by Salem and Zygmund, while a law of the iterated logarithm is due to Erdős and Gál. In this paper we study large deviation principles for lacunary sums. Specifically, under the large gap condition a_{k+1}/a_k \to \infty, we prove that the sequence (S_n/n)_{n \in \mathbb {N}} does indeed satisfy a large deviation principle with speed n and the same rate function \widetilde {I} as for sums of independent random variables with the arcsine distribution. On the other hand, we show that the large deviation principle may fail to hold when we only assume the Hadamard gap condition. However, we show that in the special case when a_k= q^k for some q\in \{2,3,\ldots \}, (S_n/n)_{n \in \mathbb {N}} satisfies a large deviation principle (with speed n) and a rate function I_q that is different from \widetilde {I}, and describe an algorithm to compute an arbitrary number of terms in the Taylor expansion of I_q. In addition, we also prove that I_q converges pointwise to \widetilde I as q\to \infty. Furthermore, we construct a random perturbation (a_k)_{k \in \mathbb {N}} of the sequence (2^k)_{k \in \mathbb {N}} for which a_{k+1}/a_k \to 2 as k\to \infty, but for which at the same time (S_n/n)_{n \in \mathbb {N}} satisfies a large deviation principle with the same rate function \widetilde {I} as in the independent case, which is surprisingly different from the rate function I_2 one might naïvely expect. We relate this fact to the number of solutions of certain Diophantine equations. Together, these results show that large deviation principles for lacunary trigonometric sums are very sensitive to the arithmetic properties of the sequence (a_k)_{k\in \mathbb N}. This is particularly noteworthy since no such arithmetic effects are visible in the central limit theorem or in the law of the iterated logarithm for lacunary trigonometric sums. Our proofs use a combination of tools from probability theory, harmonic analysis, and dynamical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriage Is One Of The Important Social Institutions And It Is A Means Of Establishing A Family Through Which The Society Perpetuates. This Social Process Is Expressed In The Form Of Rituals And Symbols. In India 45 Percent Of Girls Are Wedded Below 18 Years. Child Marriage Is One Of The Burning Problems Of Indian Society. In India, Despite Amended Laws Advocating 18 As The Legal Minimum Age At Marriage For Females, A Substantial Proportion I.E. Every Third Adolescent Girl In The Age Group Of 15-19 Years Is Married And Every Second Married Adolescent Girl Has Given Birth To A Child. Child Marriage Or Early Marriage Is One Of The Burning Problems And Issues In Salem, Dharmapuri And Namakkal Districts District. Whereas The Minimum Age Of Marriage For Girls Is 18 And Boys Is 21. It Is Necessary That Both The Bride And Bridegroom Must Reach That Particular Age. Article 13 Of The United Nations Convention On The Rights Of The Child (Uncrc) Clearly States That Every Child Shall Have The Right To Freedom Of Expression And Also The Right To Choice. But The Opportunity Is Not Give To The Child To Choose His/Her Life Partner. It Is Difficult To Obtain Accurate Data On The Real Extent Of Child Marriage Owing To The Fact That Most Marriages Are Not Officially Registered. The Parents' Information Is Not Reliable. In This Regard, An Attempt Is Being Made In This Paper To Collect Qualitative Inputs From Respondents Using Case Studies, Focus Group Discussion And Problem Ranking Techniques From The Varied Sections Of The Society Residing In Salem, Dharmapuri And District. Secondary Data Is Also Being Used To Arrive At Possible Interventions From Social Work Perspective. The Detailed Interventions Put-Forth Would Be Deliberated In-Depth In The Full Paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop a way to extract information about a random walk associated with a typical Thurston's construction. We first observe that a typical Thurston's construction entails a free group of rank 2. We also present a proof of the spectral theorem for random walks associated with Thurston's construction that have finite 2nd moment with respect to the Teichmüller metric. Its general case was remarked by Dahmani and Horbez. Finally, under a hypothesis not involving moment conditions, we prove that random walks eventually become pseudo-Anosov. As an application, we first discuss a random analogy of Kojima and McShane's estimation of the hyperbolic volume of a mapping torus with pseudo-Anosov monodromy. As another application, we discuss non-probabilistic estimations of stretch factors from Thurston's construction and the powers for Salem numbers to become the stretch factors of pseudo-Anosovs from Thurston's construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The π‐electron molecule is planar (but the strict planarity requirement may be relaxed), with a set of electrons residing on the (valence) molecular orbitals of the π‐symmetry (πMOs). The quantum state of these electrons influences the geometry of the molecule, most notably the bond lengths. The Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) model provides the simplest (yet quite effective) description of the πMOs. Longuet‐Higgins and Salem, and their followers, made efforts to augment this model by making its empirical parameters dependent on the bond lengths; this approach was later often referred to as the SCβ HMO model. In the present paper, we introduce the AugHMO model that is a generalization of these earlier efforts. We show that the mathematical formulation of this model necessarily implies the principle of a bond‐order–bond‐length (BO‐BL) relationship that is universal for a given type of bond (C–C, C–N, etc.) in allπ‐electron molecules. A plausible assumption that the BO‐BL relationship is a linear one leads to a family of workable computational methods, such as the Hückel–Su–Schrieffer–Heeger method and the Hückel–Longuet–Higgins–Salem method. Our AugHMO model is developed with the following goals in mind: (i) to offer a predictive tool for calculating the bond lengths in π‐electron molecules, capable of dealing with very large systems; (ii) to provide insights into the problem of coupling between the π‐electrons and the bond lengths; and (iii) to offer a simple educational model illustrating the principles of geometry optimization in quantum chemistry (involving the gradient and Hessian of the molecular energy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study Hausdorff and Fourier dimension from the point of view of effective descriptive set theory and Type-2 Theory of Effectivity. Working in the hyperspace K (X) of compact subsets of X, with X = [ 0 , 1 ] d or X = R d , we characterize the complexity of the family of sets having sufficiently large Hausdorff or Fourier dimension. This, in turn, allows us to show that family of all the closed Salem sets is Π 3 0 -complete. One of our main tools is a careful analysis of the effectiveness of a classical theorem of Kaufman. We furthermore compute the Weihrauch degree of the functions computing Hausdorff and Fourier dimension of closed sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to prove that the political system in America during the beginning of the Cold War used false claims ,established repressive censorship and unjust trials in order to create hegemonic atmosphere and unjustifiable horror in order to control its citizens, like the repressive and unjust trials which happened in the seventeenth century in Salem, Massachusetts. This paper exposes the parallel comparison between these trials of Salem to those of House un American Activities Committee (HUAC)in 1950’s, which in turn fallaciously accused some Americans of being communist and of supporting the radicals who tried to destroy America. Miller throughout the Crucible castigates the American system and calls to safeguard the individual liberty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attrition is the departure of employees from the organization for any reason like resignation, termination, death or retirement. The main aim of this paper is to recognise the reasons, why attrition occurs in manufacturing industries in Salem District, to identify the satisfactory level of employees towards their job and working conditions and to find the ways to reduce the attrition in manufacturing industries in Salem District. In this present study, the sample size of 50 respondents were selected from manufacturing industries like textile mills, cotton mills, steel industries, automobile industries and electrical industries which are situated in Salem District. The result showed that there is a significant Difference (at 0.05 levels) amongst the different categories of experience of the respondents with the attrition factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a manifestation of a new tradition by which Comments on Inorganic Chemistry starts publishing original research content that, nonetheless, preserves the Journal's identity as a niche for a critical discussion of contemporary literature in inorganic chemistry; for previous manifestations, see Comments Inorg. Chem. 2020, 40, 277-303 and references cited in the abstract thereof as Yaseen W. K.; Sanders S. F.; Almotawa R. M.; Otten B. M.; Bhat S.; Alamo D. C.; Marpu S. B.; Golden T. D.; Omary M. A. "Are Metal Complexes" Organic, Inorganic, Organometallic, or Metal-Organic Materials? A case Study for the Use of Trinuclear Coinage Metal Complexes as "Metal-Organic Coatings" for Corrosion Suppression on Aluminum Substrates Comments Inorg. Chem. 2019, 39, 1-26 and also, Mohapatra R. K.; Das P. K.; Pradhan M. K.; El-Ajaily M. M.; Das D.; Salem H. F.; Mahanta U.; Badhei G.; Parhi P. K.; Maihub A. A.; Kudrat -E-Zahan Md. "Recent Advances in Urea- and Thiourea-Based Metal Complexes: Biological, Sensor, Optical, and Corrosion Inhibition Studies" Comments Inorg. Chem. 2019, 39, 127-147). In this work, the Schiff base 1-(6-(1-((4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)imino)ethyl)-pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-one (L) and eight transition metal complexes were synthesized. The reaction of 4,4-oxy-dianiline with 2,6-diacetylpyridine in 1:1 molar ratio affords to the ligand which was employed in the synthesis of the corresponding metal complexes by reacting with the Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) chlorides in 1:1 molar ratio. All the compounds were characterized by using different analytical methods. Structures of complexes were found to be octahedral as deduced from the spectroscopic and magnetic moment measurements. The ligand behaves as a neutral tridentate ligand where it coordinated to metal ions through N-azomethine, N-pyridine, and O-carbonyl group. Besides, experimental investigations for their antibacterial activity against different bacteria species were studied, molecular docking studies were reported with receptors 4ME7, 4K3V, 3T88 and 4WJ3. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for ligand were reported. Finally, the evaluation of corrosion inhibition efficiency was measured by using different techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX) were measured to affirm the presence of barrier film on the carbon steel surface by inspecting the surface morphologies and elemental composition of corrosion products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to explore the awareness and usage of online resources by the faculty members of Vivekanandha Arts and Science College for Women, Salem. The current study is rooted in primary data which were collected from the faculty members who are working in different departments of Vivekanandha Arts and Science College for Women. A total of 200 well structured and designed questionnaires were dispersed among the faculty members and we received only 179 filled questionnaires were returned out of 200 sample of population and the total response rate was 89.5%. The results of the study was observed and found the maximum number of 112 users (62.57%) was male distribution. Seventy percent of the faculty members were under the age group between 26 and 50 and 66.48 percent of the respondents were from rural area. It is observed the huge proportion of (42.46%) 76 faculty members were comes under Assistant professors and they ranked the first. It is noted the major portion of 91 (50.84%) faculty members were using the Internet in the central library for preparing research work. This study has recommended that more electronic journals and databases should be subscribed to, that awareness and training programmes for accessing electronic resources to be implemented, and the digital library infrastructure facilities to be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Documentary films and the law make a well-suited pair, due to four key similarities. Firstly, the accessibility of criminal law and its reliance on familiar concepts of good and evil. Secondly, the narrative structure: the arc of accusation, evidence and judgement within a criminal trial mirrors the arc of set up, confrontation and resolution found in cinema. Thirdly, the use of evidence, particularly the use of 'evidence verité' and the assumption of truth associated with photographs. Finally, the law and documentaries have a similar understanding of the concept of truth, as a product of persuasion and argument. As true-crime documentaries garner more attention , the stylistic choices of filmmakers carry more weight on the opinions of their audiences and subsequently the criminal justice system itself. Discussion in this paper focuses on the stylistic choices in documentaries such as Making a Murderer (Demos, Moira, and Laura Ricciardi. 2015. Making a Murderer. Los Angeles, CA: Netflix), The Staircase (de Lestrade, 2014), Southwest of Salem: the story of the San Antonio four (Esquenazi, Deborah. 2016. Southwest of Salem: The Story of the San Antonio Four. New York: Investigation Discovery), and The Night in Question (Theroux, Louis. 2019. The Night in Question. BBC), and their use of emotion, dialogue and footage, and the necessary transparency concerning these choices as well as production choices, to encourage audiences to understand true-crime documentaries as a subjective performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in computer applications during the past few decades have brought radical changes in the way information is gathered, stored, organized, accessed, retrieved and consumed. The foremost focus of the research paper was to study the knowledge and use of electronic resources by SC/ST research scholars and PG students among colleges in Salem District affiliated to Periyar University. The study was carried out for SC/ST research scholars and PG students studying in colleges affiliated to Periyar University, Salem to explore their usage pattern of electronic resources. A Structured questionnaire was designed to achieve the objectives of the study and collect data from the research scholars. The results revealed that more number of research scholars and PG students were frequently using the e-resources for class assignments and preparation of examinations. Moreover, most of the users preferred to download the e-resources as in PDFformats. However some of the institutional based problems are being faced by the users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by near-identical graphs of two increasing continuous functions—one related to Zaremba's conjecture and the other due to Salem—we provide an explicit connection between fractals and regular sequences by showing that the graphs of ghost distributions, the distribution functions of measures associated to regular sequences, are sections of self-affine sets. Additionally, we provide a sufficient condition for such measures to be purely singular continuous. As a corollary, and analogous to Salem's strictly increasing singular continuous function, we show that the ghost distributions of the Zaremba sequences are singular continuous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Part Of The Empirical Research Initiatives The Students Of Pg And Research Department Of Social Work In Collaboration With Don Bosco Anbuillam Salem Took Up A Nutritional Status Assessment Survey At Court Road Colony, Nanjampatty, Kichipalayalayyam Slums &Sathyanagar Village In Salem District, Tamilnadu, India Between The Period Of 1st February And 5th February 2021. The District Rural Development Agency Of Salem Under The Guidance Of The District Collector Had Suggested That A Survey Be Done On The Prevailing Nutritional Status Of Children Below The Age Of 18 Years In Sample Areas Of Salem, With A Focus On Planned Intervention To Be Delivered To The Target Population As Per The Result Of The Survey, The Scientific Nature Of The Survey Enabling It To Be Generalised To The Other Homogenous Areas Of Salem. The Objective Of The Study Was To Identify High-Risk Groups And To Assess The Role Of Different Socio-Demographic Factors In Nutritional Status. The Study Findings Would Facilitate Nutritional Recommendations And Interventions, Paving Way For Resource Mobilization To Design And Deliver Interventions To The Beneficiaries In The Surveyed Area. Stratified Simple Random Sampling Method Was Adopted For The Study. Interview Schedule Method (Google Forms) Was Used To Collect Quantitative Data. Focussed Group Discussion And Participatory Rural Appraisal (Pra) Techniques Were Used To Corroborate The Quantitative Findings. The Data Collected Was Analysed Using Statistical Package For Social Sciences, Descriptive And Inferential Statistics Were Computed. Findings Of The Study Would Be Presented In The Full Paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For β > 1 , a sequence (c n) n ≥ 1 ∈ ℤ ℕ + with 0 ≤ c n < β is the beta expansion of x with respect to β if x = ∑ n = 1 ∞ c n β − n . Defining d β (x) to be the greedy beta expansion of x with respect to β , it is known that d β (1) is eventually periodic as long as β is a Pisot number. It is conjectured that the same is true for Salem numbers, but is only currently known to be true for Salem numbers of degree 4. Heuristic arguments suggest that almost all degree 6 Salem numbers admit periodic expansions but that a positive proportion of degree 8 Salem numbers do not. In this paper, we investigate the degree 6 case. We present computational methods for searching for families of degree 6 numbers with eventually periodic greedy expansions by studying the co-factors of their expansions. We also prove that the greedy expansions of degree 6 Salem numbers can have arbitrarily large periods. In addition, computational evidence is compiled on the set of degree 6 Salem numbers with trace (β) ≤ 1 5. We give examples of numbers with trace (β) ≤ 1 5 whose expansions have period and preperiod lengths exceeding 1 0 1 0 , yet are still eventually periodic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice crop is one of the major cultivating crops in India, especially in south India. Fertiliser plays an important role to achieve the highest rice yield. Each crop needs an adequate amount of fertiliser for its growth. Inadequate and overdose of fertiliser leads to nutrient deficiency and lesser yield of crops. Rice has a unique fertiliser recommendation based on climatic conditions and soil types but the issue is the random use of fertilisers by the farmer, without knowing their own land soil nutrition. Soil consists of primary nutrients and secondary nutrients. This supplement is used for crop growth. This paper discusses a proposed methodology of an optimised fertiliser simulation model for Cuddalore and Salem district and its sub talukas for rice and maize crops. In this research work, the fuzzy logic technique is used because this is one of the best ways for problem-solving techniques. In this fuzzy logic, Mamdani fuzzy logic-based tool is used. The Mamdani fuzzy logic tool is used for the suggestion of the fertilisers required according to the minerals present in their soil. In result total 45 rules are created for recommending the fertiliser use for paddy and maize crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history and fascination of the Salem Witch Trials continues to attract visitors to the American coastal city in Massachusetts. This paper will investigate what has been instigated in the form of memorialization to those that were accused and subsequently executed; nineteen were hanged and one was pressed to death, how has Salem confronted this part of their history? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we consider the set of Mahler measures of generalized Pisot and Salem numbers and give a characterization of such numbers in terms of their minimal polynomials. We show that every real quadratic algebraic integer β can be expressed by the difference of the Mahler measure of a generalized Pisot number and a Pisot number in ℚ(β). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Salem problem to verify whether Fourier–Stieltjes coefficients of the Minkowski question mark function vanish at infinity is solved recently affirmatively. In this paper by using methods of classical analysis and special functions we solve a Salem-type problem about the behavior at infinity of a linear combination of the Fourier–Stieltjes transforms. Moreover, as a consequence of the Salem problem, some asymptotic relations at infinity for the Fourier–Stieltjes coefficients of a power m ∈ ℕ {m\in\mathbb{N}} of the Minkowski question mark function are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we prove that there is a direct relationship between Salem numbers and translation lengths of hyperbolic elements of arithmetic hyperbolic groups that are determined by a quadratic form over a totally real number field. As an application we determine a sharp lower bound for the length of a closed geodesic in a noncompact arithmetic hyperbolic n-orbifold for each dimension n. We also discuss a short geodesic conjecture, and prove its equivalence with Lehmer's conjecture for Salem numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we will take a look at Salem elements dealing with formal power series on Fq, where Fq is a finite field . Our main result, presents a criteria for an element to be the smallest Salem element (SSE) via an order extending a given order in Fq. Moreover, we provide the CFE of the (SSE) for each n. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A series of field experiments were conducted at the Tapioca and Castor Research Station (TCRS), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Yethapur, Salem from 2022 to 2023. The purpose was to investigate the growth dynamics and economics of shortduration cassava under different nutrient management practices including both integrated and organic approaches. Methods: Twelve treatments were carried out consisting of various combinations of organic manures, liquid organic foliar sprays, integrated nutrient management treatments and a control treatment (no manures/fertilizers/sprays). The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications at the same location. Result: The results revealed that the different nutrient management practices had a significant impact on the physiological response throughout the various stages of plant growth. Based on the average data from two experiments, the INM treatment (FYM@ 25 t ha-1 + 100% recommended dose of fertilizers andcassava booster spray) showed the highest physiological response during the final phase of growth. This treatment showed superior performance in terms of leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), tuber bulking rate (TBR) and mean TBR. The organic treatment (wood ash @2 t ha-1 and 3% panchagavya foliar spray) recorded comparable performance to the INM treatment in major parameters such as LAI, CGR, RGR and NAR. However, it followed the INM treatment in terms of mean TBR. Economic analysis revealed that the INM treatment yielded the highest net income and benefit-cost ratio (BCR), followed by the organic treatment. The control resulted in the least returns. In conclusion, the findings highlight the effectiveness of the INM treatment and the promising performance of the organic treatment which can contribute to sustainable and profitable cassava cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Jordan, the main regime, as a successful political survival strategy, while skillfully forming a tight pro-regime political coalition all along, has kept an even firmer grip on the political opposition. The political opposition in the country, the Muslim Brotherhood, and its political wing the Islamic Action Front (IAF) being the leading front, sometimes boycotted the elections as a response to or compromised with the regime. This latter approach has also been embraced by the parties which emerged out of the MB, including the National Congress Party and the Muslim Brotherhood Association; however, another splinter party, the Partnership and Rescue Party (PRP) criticized them for their incompetence in acting as a true opposition. This is the juncture this paper problematizes—the IAF seems to have lost its ability to act as the main opposition, and the newly emerged PRP prospectively stands out as the leading candidate to replace it. This paper examines the transformation of the political oppositional block in Jordan and elaborates on its consequences for the MB and the regime–opposition relations. In relation to this, in the conceptual level, the paper also reflects on the relevance of this transformation to the post-Islamism debate: in this instance, the PRP denouncing the political Islamic ideology and positioning itself in the center of the political spectrum while maintaining the claim that it has taken over the main opposition role/legacy of the MB evoke a post-Islamist tendency. The argumentation in the article is built on primary sources, including interviews with the opposition leaders and prominent opposition members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate a phenomenon observed by Thurston wherein one constructs a pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism on the limit set of a certain lift of a piecewise linear expanding interval map. We reconcile this construction with a special subclass of generalized pseudo-Anosovs, first defined by de Carvalho. From there we classify the circumstances under which this construction produces a pseudo-Anosov. As an application, we produce for each g≥1, a pseudo-Anosov ϕg​ on the closed surface of genus g that preserves an algebraically primitive translation structure and whose dilatation is a Salem number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unorganised event management sector comprises a significant portion of the overall event industry in India. These are small businesses that provide event planning and management services. These firms operate without proper structure or organisation, making it difficult for them to compete with larger organised firms. However, unorganised event management firms have strengths that allow them to provide services to clients that organised firms may not be able to provide. Though, due to the lack of proper infrastructure, stiff competition and financial support, many event organisers operating in the unorganised sector face various challenges. The banks can play a vital role in supporting these event organisers by providing them with financial assistance and other services. This study investigates the effect of bank credit on the business performance of unorganised event management firms. The study covers 230 unorganised event organisers from the Salem district. The qualitative data were collected by using a well-crafted questionnaire. The study result proved that bank credit has significantly influenced the business performance of event management firms. Event organisers are satisfied with their business performance. Moreover, bank credit has substantially influenced business performance in developing a capacity to conduct multiple events simultaneously, business growth, return on investment, profitability, competitive advantage, purchase of new equipment and adoption of recent technology. The study recommended that banks should frame adequate policies to support small business firms to access bank credit without any hindrance. Hence, to face challenges, event management firms should invest in proper organisational structure, recruit experienced professionals, and implement efficient planning and execution processes. This will help them to deliver successful events and build a positive reputation in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), a crucial component of deep learning neural networks, is a network model frequently used in the classification of images, target recognition, and other applications. Utilizing this network model, this study aims to find the best CNN model compatible for the web-based application that can identify endemic trees found locally at FAITH College’s Serenity and Labyrinth Garden with 90% accuracy rate. Similar to this study, Salem et al. (2019) tested different classifiers with both Flavia and their own dataset and found that K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) displayed the highest precision among all. The study focuses on a web application utilizing the five pre-trained models namely VGG-16, ResNet50, Inception V3, Xception and Sequential, and it was found that the best performing among those is the VGG-16 which was then used for leaf classification, achieving a remarkable 94% accuracy, surpassing the 90% objective. The application allows users to scan leaves of specific trees in a designated area, with accuracy not guaranteed beyond this zone. The application's performance is influenced by the user's device, internet connection, and image quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a broad overview of the Witchcraft hysteria of Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Details are given outlining the chronology of the events, noting the first wave of accusations in Salem Village in late February 1692 while the second wave took place in October. Discussion is given highlighting the physical locations and authoritative jurisdictions which addressed the charges. Description is also given concerning those accused, frequently citing women of middle or advanced years, often widowed or single, and involved in conflicts with their neighbors.

A conference paper is presented about William Bentley, an early councilor and benefactor of the American Antiquarian Society (AAS), who lived in Salem, Massachusetts. The paper frequently cites Bentley's diary. It discusses the arrival of the British frigate "Shannon" into Salem. The paper also addresses church services, Bentley's relationship with Reverend Jedediah Morse, and Bentley's view on the mercantile character.

In this paper we study the problem of counting Salem numbers of fixed degree. Given a set of disjoint intervals I 1 , ... , I k ⊂ [ 0 ; π ] , 1 ≤ k ≤ m let S a l m , k (Q , I 1 , ... , I k) denote the set of ordered (k + 1) -tuples (α 0 , ... , α k) of conjugate algebraic integers, such that α 0 is a Salem number of degree 2 m + 2 satisfying α ≤ Q for some positive real number Q and arg ⁡ α i ∈ I i. We derive the following asymptotic approximation # S a l m , k (Q , I 1 , ... , I k) = ω m Q m + 1 ∫ I 1 ... ∫ I k ρ m , k (θ) d θ + O (Q m) , Q → ∞ , providing explicit expressions for the constant ω m and the function ρ m , k (θ). Moreover we derive a similar asymptotic formula for the set of all Salem numbers of fixed degree and absolute value bounded by Q as Q → ∞. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The line graph of a graph G is another graph of which the vertex set corresponds to the edge set of G, and two vertices of the line graph of G are adjacent if the corresponding edges in G share a common vertex. A graph is reflexive if the second-largest eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix is no greater than 2. Reflexive graphs give combinatorial ground to generate two classes of algebraic numbers, Salem and Pisot numbers. The difficult question of identifying those graphs whose line graphs are reflexive (called L-reflexive graphs) is naturally attacked by first answering this question for trees. Even then, however, an elegant full characterization of reflexive line graphs of trees has proved to be quite formidable. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for the exhaustive generation of maximal L-reflexive trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medical representatives are the primary contributors to the extraordinary growth of the Indian pharmaceutical industry, which has a 9.5% annual growth rate. Medical representatives are the backbone of pharmaceutical companies and play a difficult role in advertising and delivering products or services to customers as they operate in the field, collecting feedback, resolving issues, and sensing market conditions. The study aims to increase the engagement and productivity of medical representatives and, in turn, assist the pharma industry in retaining their employees for growth by analyzing the factors affecting their work life. This study examines the relationship between work quality and job satisfaction among medical representatives in the pharmaceutical industries in Salem and Erede districts. To meet the study's objective, a perceptual survey was conducted by collecting data from 161 medical representatives working in Salem and Erode districts using a structured questionnaire and analyzing the data using statistical tools, including reliability, ANOVA, correlation, and regression. The research contributes to formulating a policy that encourages the retention of medical representatives and boosts their productivity in the pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the life and political career of Isaiah D. Clawson, a physician and politician from Salem County during the antebellum era. Topics include his shifts in political affiliation, including his association with the Whig, American (Know-Nothing), and Republican Parties, as well as his strategies to gain and retain political support amidst changing political dynamics.

We prove that cocompact arithmetic lattices in a simple Lie group are uniformly discrete if and only if Salem numbers are uniformly bounded away from 1. We also prove an analogous result for semisimple Lie groups. Finally, we shed some light on the structure of the bottom of the length spectrum of an arithmetic orbifold \Gamma \backslash X by showing the existence of a positive constant \delta (X)>0 such that squares of lengths of closed geodesics shorter than \delta must be pairwise linearly dependent over \mathbb {Q}. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores The Crucible, Arthur Miller's dramatized version of the 1692 Salem witch-hunt, from a psycho-sociological point of view, using mainly the Girardian theoretical notions of scapegoating and sacrificial crisis as expounded in his seminal work The Violence and the Sacred (1972). The snowballing effect of paranoia in Salem is regarded, in the first part, as a means for the hide-bound and male chauvinistic community to exclude nonconventional women; and in the second part, as an outlet for the latter to challenge oppression and an opportunity to assert themselves within the community. Now given entire credit by the court of law, the female outcasts use victimization through daemonic possession as a suitable stalking horse to grow in heroic and saintly stature and gain back admission, if not vengefully attain absolute power in the community that has hitherto oppressed them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Reverend Cotton Mather (1663–1728) has traditionally been viewed as the spearhead of the Puritan movement in Massachusetts. Often referred to as, ‘the witch-finder’, Mather has been attributed with almost the sole responsibility for perpetuating the Salem Witch Trials, culminating in the death of twenty people and one dog. Closer examination of primary sources, however, reveals Mather to be a man who resisted, rather than drove, the building frenzy of the Salem Witch Hearings. In fact, Cotton Mather worked within his means towards bringing an end to the whole atrocity. This paper sets out to refute the traditional image of Mather ‘the propagator’ and to present him as a victim of the Puritan Colonial political machine. Closer examination of Mather's role in the witchcraft proceedings and, most particularly, his reluctant involvement within the Massachusetts Commonwealth government, as witnessed thorough his private writings, reveals him as a political pawn. As revealed in his self-damning ‘Wonders of the Invisible World’, Mather clearly wrestles with issues of guilt and responsibility in endorsing the pursuit of the witchcraft trials; an endorsement entered against his better judgment. A puppet of the Crown, by his own admission, Mather was too vain to resist the temporary fame promised by such an appointment. As a tragic hero suffering from hubris, Mather's decision to become a representative of the court for the witch trails resulted in his downfall and cast him in History as the perpetrator of the atrocities he so ardently sought to prevent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization is one of the biggest challenges for developing countries, and predicting urban growth can help planners and policymakers understand how spatial growth patterns interact. A study was conducted to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use/land cover changes in Salem and its surrounding communities from 2001 to 2020 and to simulate urban expansion in 2030 using cellular automata (CA)–Markov and geospatial techniques. The findings showed a decrease in aerial vegetation cover and an increase in barren and built-up land, with a rapid transition from vegetation cover to bare land. The transformed barren land is expected to be converted into built-up land in the near future. Urban growth in the area is estimated to be 179.6 sq km in 2030, up from 59.6 sq km in 2001, 76 sq km in 2011, and 133.3 sq km in 2020. Urban sprawl is steadily increasing in Salem and the surrounding towns of Omalur, Rasipuram, Sankari, and Vazhapadi, with sprawl in the neighboring towns surpassing that in directions aligned toward Salem. The city is being developed as a smart city, which will result in significant expansion and intensification of the built-up area in the coming years. The study's outcomes can serve as spatial guidelines for growth regulation and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Asthma, condition affecting children and adults, is a clinical syndrome with lungs become narrow due to inflammation and tightening of muscles around the airways. Asthma is often under-diagnosed and under-treated, especially in low- and middleincome countries. Study estimate indicates the national burden of asthma at 17.23 million with an overall prevalence of 2.05% and accounts for 27.9% of disability-adjusted life years of Indian population. Drug utilization studies (DUS), important tool to describe the patterns of drug use in specific populations to support establishing decisions, problem solving and assessment of the right action to be taken during treatment regimen prescription. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study was designed for the evaluation of the pattern drug utilization in bronchial asthma patients in the tertiary care hospital in Salem. The prescription data was recorded in a pre-designed case form and data was compiled using Microsoft excel and presented in a tabulated and graphical presentation; data were analysed based on the demographic details, generic name, indication, route, dosage, frequency and treatment regimen. Results: In the study, 100 prescriptions were included for analysis as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic analysis data revealed that there were 53% men and 47% women cases and patients belonged to age group between 18 - 40 years. Betaagonists and Corticosteroids were the most common prescribed drug classes and also Salbutamol was observed to be still most preferable drug of choice for asthma management. Conclusion: Prescription pattern studied supports the need to encourage the physician to use treatment guidelines while managing patients with asthma and also would benefit as a step in improving awareness on asthmatic condition and current treatment practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scaled experiment comprising a laser-driven explosion in a cavity is used to characterize the coupling of mechanical energy into the surrounding solid material. Experiments are performed using poly(methyl methacrylate) and dry Salem limestone as the explosion containment blocks materials, in which are milled scaled spherical cavities of various dimensions. Measurements of the coupled shock, taken with fiber optic probes at the cavity wall, show the critical radius where wall deformation transitions from plastic to elastic deformation. These measurements also provide a diagnostic of the air blast, which is validated against GEODYN simulation code. The measurement of the coupled shock amplitude taken farther from the wall in the linear region indicates increased coupling efficiency in small cavities over the range of scaled cavity radii from 6 to 20 m / kt 1 / 3 , a phenomenon not previously observed in experiments. A comparison of results taken in this experiment with a parallel experiment using high explosive (HE) as the source shows that coupled shocks generated with HE are characteristically different with much larger amplitude than those produced by a high energy density laser-driven source with the same yield. This experimental technique potentially provides a rapid and cost-effective method to analyze the consequences of a full-scale, low yield, buried explosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conference paper about artist and publisher William Cook is presented. Cook resided in Salem, Massachusetts. It discusses Cook's family, including his father, navigator Captain William Cook. The report also discusses Cook's religious aberrations, the self-publishing of his books, and a poem he wrote concerning Chestnut Street in Salem. A bibliography of his work is provided.