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Describes the chaotic and corrupt political history and present government in Congo, Africa. Explanation of the history of the Congolese government; Description of the corrupt 32-year reign of President Mobutu Sese Seko; Role of United Nations peacekeeping forces; Description of the areas of Congo which border Rwanda, Africa; Criticism of William Swing, the American head of the U.N. mission; Current efforts to create a stable government.

Discusses Operation Turquoise, authorized by the United Nations to protect displaced persons in Rwanda. Success of the Turquoise force; The humanitarian crisis; Commission of experts; Other human rights matters. INSET: The UN and Rwanda.

Discusses the failure of Canadian United Nations' Force Commander Romeo Dallaire to save the lives of ten Belgian soldiers from a massacre by Hutu soldiers in Rwanda. Belgians' concerns on the awards given to Dallaire for his performance in Rwanda; Dallaire's deployment of the Belgians; Details on the massacre.

Reports on a tour of the half of Rwanda overrun by Tutsi rebels that confirmed the worst fears of international relief officials. The estimate that half the Tutsis--500,000 people--have been exterminated; Killings in Roman Catholic churches which once offered inviolable sanctuary; Once-lush countryside that is now a wasteland; UN Security Council plans to send new troops to protect aid workers.

Discusses the movie "Hotel Rwanda," the true story of Rusesabagina, a Rwandan who sheltered thousands during the Rwandan genocide. How the film questions the effectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping forces; Failure of the U.N. in Rwanda; Description of areas where the U.N. could improve.

Reports that newly declassified U.S. intelligence documents show that the administration of President Bill Clinton had no intention of intervening in the mass genocide that took place in Rwanda in the spring of 1994. Assertion that the failure of the U.S. to intervene in the killing between Hutus and Tutsis may have been the low point in the Clinton administration's foreign policy; Claim that the White House tried to play down the extent of the violence to avoid being pressured to send troops in to bolster United Nations peacekeeping forces; Claim that officials were trying to avoid a repetition of the botched military intervention in Somalia.

Presents a criticism of the United Nation's (UN) peacekeeping performance in Rwanda in 1993-1994. Mandate to keep the peace; Causes of UN's inadequacies and failures in Rwanda; Premeditated genocide by the Hutu government; Intervention by France. INSET: The cartoonist (experience in Goma, Zaire), by Christian Clark..

Reprints an article from `The Economist' dealing the United Nations actions in Rwanda. Comments on several peacekeeping efforts; PDD 25, President Bill Clinton's presidential decision directive on peacekeeping; Rwanda and genocide.

Discusses various aspects of why the Security Council decided to extend the mandate of the UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) until July 29, 1994. Arusha Peace Agreement, signed on August 4, 1993; Monitor movement of government and Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF) forces; How suspicious plane crash set off renewed hostility; President of Rwanda Juvenal Habyarimana and President Cyprien Ntaryamira of Burundi killed in crash. INSETS: Presidents killed at Kigali;Background to the conflict.

Claims Rwanda is an almost perfect example of a mainly ethnically based civil war that outsiders understand imperfectly if at all and therefore do not know how to solve. President Bill Clinton's presidential directive that US peacekeeping operations abroad be linked to concrete political solutions; UN peacekeeping force already in Rwanda; Sanctions widely regarded as useless; Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali requests help from Organization of African Unity.

Looks at conditions in Congo in March 2001, following the Rwandan army's pull back from its frontline positions in the city of Pweto, Katanga province. Efforts by Rwanda to follow the 1999 Lusaka peace accord; Congolese rebels' occupation of the vacated position; Rwanda's concerns for security of its own borders; Troop deployment in Congo by United Nations peacekeepers.

Offers reaction from several news sources regarding the situation in Rwanda in 1994. Comments on the role of the United Nations, from `Ming Pao'; Views expressed in `The Economist'; Thoughts expressed by Donald Denoon in the `Sydney Morning Herald'; Other related articles.

Profiles Canadian Major-General Romeo Dallaire, commander of the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping force in Rwanda. Dallaire's public image as hero under attack; The murder of ten peacekeepers; The recommended court-martialling of second-in-command Luc Marchal; Investigation of UN bureaucrats' responsibility and possible attempt to place blame on Dallaire; List of key dates in the crisis; book 'Ten Commandos Will Die.' INSET: Rivers of blood (key dates in the Rwanda crisis).

Focuses on the bloodshed in the African nation of Rwanda. Leaders of the two main ethnic groups and factions within them that have demonstrated time and again their belief that it is worth fighting to the death for the right to rule the impovershed land; Estimated 250,000 people killed; Reports that brutal politics, rather than tribalism, is behind the bloodshed; Confusion within the United Nations over military intervention.

Discusses the role of the United Nations (UN) in the African nation of Rwanda. Reasons why UN peacekeeping troops and the UN mission in general are resented in this country; Actions of the Rwandan government.

Focuses on the need of its own rapid-deployment force by the United Nations (UN) to be an effective peacekeeper, by citing the case of Rwanda. Condition of the world's governments, acting through the UN; Reasons for delay in sending rapid deployment force to Rwanda; Appreciation of France's soldiers for the help provided by them to Rwanda; Role of America in helping Rwanda; Reference to the Security Council summit on peacekeeping in 1992.

The article focuses on Democratic Republic of Congo. The more active role in counterinsurgency by armed forces of the United Nations (U.N.) against the M23 revel movement in the eastern region of the country is discussed in terms of its impact on foreign relations between Congo and Rwanda and the possibility Rwanda might intervene in support of M23.

Highlights urgent pleas for more United Nations (UN) troops to prevent a further explosion of violence in Central African states of Rwanda and Burundi. Failure of UN to provide the number of peace-keepers stated in the Lusaka peace agreement; Appeal made by Rwanda's ambassador to Great Britain Rosemary Museminali; Report on preventing genocide in the region delivered by an all-party Parliamentary group of British legislators.

Discusses the United Nations' response to the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. United Nations Human Rights Field Operation in Rwanda (HRFOR); Disappointments; Implications; Expectations.

Looks at the adoption of resolution 872 (1993) by the United Nations (UN) Security Council. Establishment of the United Nations Assistance Mission to Rwanda (UNAMIR) to monitor the implementation of a peace agreement between the government and the Rwandese Patriotic Front; Details.

Reports that the United Nations Security Council decided to establish the United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda on June 22, 1993. Unanimous adoption of resolution 846; Displaced people in Rwanda and calls from the UN for assistance; The Rwandese Patriotic Front; More. INSET: Sudan: Envoy appointed..

Comments on the actions of the Organization of African States and the United Nations regarding the drama in Rwanda in the 1990s. Views about the political maneuvering involved; Television news coverage of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF); Comments on the Hutus and the Tutsis.

Presents comments from the international press on Rwanda. How killings elsewhere in the world pale in significance to those in Rwanda, `The Pioneer,' Lucknow, India; United Nations (UN) decision to reduce its troops in Rwanda, `Zambia Sun,' Lusaka; Need for a group of crack United Nations troops prepared to lay down their lives in defense of innocent women and children, `The Monitor,' Kampala, Uganda.

Editorial. Discusses the failure of the United Nations' operations in Rwanda. United States' policy of explicit abdication from crisis not directly affecting its interests; France's sale of weapons to Rwanda; Shortage of troops and equipment for UNAMIR II; Lack of control by secretary general Boutros Boutros-Ghali.

Reports on the views of Kenya Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Stephen Kalonzo Musyoka on the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping efforts in Rwanda presented before the UN General Assembly debate from September 26 to October 12, 1994. Call for fundamental changes in UN peacekeeping operations; Assistance from international community.

Looks at an action by the United Nations (UN) Security Council on January 6, 1994, during which an early deployment of a second battalion to the UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was approved. Surveillance activities; The Rwandanese Patriotic Front.

Reports on a Belgian senate inquiry denouncing Canadian General Romeo Dallaire for his role as commander of the United Nations' peacekeeping forces in Rwanda in 1994. Evidence of his poor judgment leading to the death of soldiers.

Shares the news that Belgian Colonel Luc Marchal was acquitted of murder by default in the 1994 killing of 10 elite Belgian commandos. Fact that Marchal was second in command to Canadian Major-General Romeo Dallaire when he led United Nations peacekeepers in Rwanda; What the court found; Details of the incident.

Presents an interview with Maj.-Gen. Romeo Dallaire, former head of the United Nations peacekeeping mission in Rwanda. His new job as deputy commander of Canadian land forces; Situation in Rwanda; Launch of the peacekeeping operation; Deployment of troops; World response to tragedies like Rwanda.

Advises that Ethiopian United Nations peacekeepers took up duties in southwestern Rwanda, where a protection zone for ethnic Hutus who fear reprisals for the massacre of at least 500,000 Tutsis was established by departing French troops. Final death toll which could reach 1.5 million.

Reports that with United Nations Security Council approval, French troops moved into western Rwanda to try to halt the ethnic violence and genocide that have claimed half a million lives in the past three months. But with the Tutsi-led rebel organization accusing the French of merely propping up the Hutu-led government, the troops posted a guard at a refugee camp sheltering 8,000 Tutsis.

Reports that United Nations peacekeepers in war-torn Rwanda, led by Canadian Maj.-Gen. Romeo Dallaire, halted evacuations of trapped civilians after a rebel mortar blast killed a Senegalese officer. Continuing ethnic slaughter; Tentative plans of Canada to send 300 communications specialists to Rwanda as part of a peacekeeping contingent.

Claims the United Nations' African peacekeepers cannot go into Rwanda until richer members supply them with armoured cars. American offer to supply armoured personnel carriers in two to three months; Offer of 50 APCs, immediately, from South Africa; Comments of Nelson Mandela to the Organization of African Unity.

Focuses on the hundreds of thousands of frightened Rwandans, Hutu and Tutsi alike, who are fleeing Rwanda. United Nations' hesitant plans to find volunteers to end, or at least lessen the horrors in Rwanda; Withdrawal of nearly all of the 2,300 UN peacekeepers after the killing began; Troops of the rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF); Appeal of UN's Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, to the Security Council for an intervention force.

Reports that Rwanda's foreign minister, Anastasa Gasana has refused to extend the mandate of the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping force in his country. Reasons for Rwandese government's resentment of the UN; Concerns of Rwanda's government.

Reports that the United Nations (UN) dismissed the Rwandan government's suggestion that they leave the country and re-deploy UN troops and observers in refugee camps in neighboring countries. Officials' argument on the importance of UN presence in the country; Rwanda's claim on the need for UN work outside the country.

Reports on the evacuation of refugees from war-torn country Rwanda to Tanzania. Estimated number; Refugees' tribal affiliation; Basic needs; Estimated number of deaths caused by the war between the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups in Rwanda; Withdrawal of United Nations Security Council troops from Rwanda; President Bill Clinton's refusal to send United States armed forces in Rwanda.

Reports on United States military's humanitarian mission in Rwanda. United States military's non-participation in peacekeeping missions; Delivery of supplies; Turnover of responsibilities to the United Nations.

Reports that the Air Mobility Command has delivered the last of 50 armored vehicles to United Nation troops for use in Rwanda. Sources of the equipment.