Search

Russia is using water supply as a weapon. Ukraine's water infrastructure is being systematically destroyed. To date, Ukraine has lost almost a third of its accumulated fresh water reserves (approximately 19 km3) worth over $US18 billion, and damage to canals, pipelines, pumping stations and water supply systems has left more than 5 million people without drinking water. The loss of hydrostatic pressure in the Kakhovka Reservoir changes storage and flow in aquifers and surface waters, as well as water intake structures. We review the main elements of the structure of water supply, water distribution, and wastewater discharge within Ukraine's river basins, and substantiate the prospects and technological solutions for the construction of wells to provide water from underground sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Copy number variants (CNVs) are genomic structural variations that contribute to many adaptive and economically important traits in livestock. In this study, we detected CNVs in 354 animals from 16 Russian indigenous sheep breeds and analysed their possible functional roles. Our analysis of the entire sample set resulted in 4527 CNVs forming 1450 CNV regions (CNVRs). When constructing CNVRs for individual breeds, a total of 2715 regions ranging from 88 in Groznensk to 337 in Osetin breeds were identified. To make interbreed CNVR frequency comparison possible, we also identified core CNVRs using CNVs with overlapping chromosomal locations found in different breeds. This resulted in 137 interbreed CNVRs with frequency >15% in at least one breed. Functional enrichment analysis of genes affected by CNVRs in individual breeds revealed 12 breeds with significant enrichments in olfactory perception, PRAME family proteins, and immune response. Function of genes affected by interbreed and breed‐specific CNVRs revealed candidates related to domestication, adaptation to high altitudes and cold climates, reproduction, parasite resistance, milk and meat qualities, wool traits, fat storage, and fat metabolism. Our work is the first attempt to uncover and characterise the CNV makeup of Russian indigenous sheep breeds. Further experimental and functional validation of CNVRs would help in developing new and improving existing sheep breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The paper is based on the dataset whose purpose was to deliver, in the form of GBIFmediated data, diverse materials on the biodiversity of a large mire, Shichengskoe mire (Vologda Region, north-western Russia), including its various mire sites and intra-mire water bodies. The dataset was based on our materials collected for two decades (from 2000 to 2021) in different parts and biotopes of the Shichengskoe mire and complemented by scarce data obtained previously by other researchers. The data contain materials on the diversity of Animalia (2886 occurrences), Bacteria (22), Chromista (256), Fungi (111), Plantae (2463) and Protozoa (131). Within the study period, the most detailed and longterm biodiversity studies were carried out for higher plants and invertebrates. On the other hand, the data on the composition of lichens, protozoa, algae, basidiomycetes, some groups of invertebrates and, to a lesser extent, lichens and vertebrates are far less comprehensive and require further substantial research efforts. The list includes occurrences from both the peatland (mire sites and mire margins different in typology) and the objects of the mire hydrographic network. In a standardised form, this article summarises both already published (mainly in Russian) and unpublished materials. New information The paper summarises the results of long-term research on the biodiversity of a boreal mire, including its hydrographic network. A total of 5869 occurrences were included in the dataset published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, gbif.org) for the first time. According to the GBIF taxonomic backbone, the dataset covers 1358 taxa, including 1250 lower-rank taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, forms) and 108 taxa identified to the genus level. Several species found in the Shichengskoe mire, mainly belonging to Bacteria, Chromista and Protozoa, have never been listed in GBIF for the territory of Russia before. The overwhelming majority of occurrences and identified species came from the territory of Shichengskiy Landscape Reserve. Due to our work, this Reserve is now the most studied regional reserve in the Vologda Region with respect to biodiversity. By the number of revealed species, it is close to two federal protected areas: Darwinskiy State Nature Biospheric Reserve and National Park "Russkiy Sever". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign trade plays a significant role in the Russian economy. The development of Russia's foreign trade turnover has recently been characterized by an upward trend. Russia's trading partners in the seafood market have become more active. In this article, the study of the export market of the Far Eastern mariculture is considered. The purpose of the study: to identify the main participants in the seafood market in the Primorsky Territory and to make forecasts of the export opportunities of trepang producers to China. For the study and analysis of export forecasting, the extrapolation method was used. One of the tasks that arise when analyzing the dynamics of series in extrapolation is to establish the regularity of changes in the levels of the studied indicator over time. When analyzing the statistical basic indicators, it was noted that the levels of the analyzed series undergo various changes – both increase and decrease, therefore, when predicting the analyzed indicators, we can only talk about the general trend of the development of the studied phenomenon, or about the trend to increase or decrease. Therefore, for the calculation of forecast estimates of export indicators of trepang in the region, the extrapolation method was chosen by means of analytical alignment of the dynamic series, i.e., the construction of certain trend equations that would mathematically describe the trend in the development of export opportunities of producers of trepang in Primorye over time. The conducted research contains up-to-date information about the main participants of the Russian and Chinese markets of the Far Eastern trepang; analysis of the export opportunities of trepang producers in the Primorsky Territory. The article presents the forecast estimates of the export dynamics of the analyzed product for the period 2021-2023 in physical and value terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is an arbovirus vector that has spread from its native habitation areal in Southeast Asia throughout North and South Americas, Europe, and Africa. Ae. albopictus was first detected in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation in the subtropical town of Sochi in 2011. In subsequent years, this species has been described in the continental areas with more severe climate and lower winter temperatures. Methods: Genomic analysis of pooled Ae. albopictus samples collected in the mosquito populations in the coastal and continental regions of the Krasnodar Krai was conducted to look for the genetic changes associated with the spread and potential cold adaptation in Ae. albopictus. Results: The results of the phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial genomes corresponded well with the hypothesis that Ae. albopictus haplotype A1a2a1 was introduced into the region from a single source. Population analysis revealed the role of dispersal and genetic drift in the local adaptation of the Asian tiger mosquito. The absence of shared haplotypes between the samples and high fixation indices suggest that gene flow between samples was heavily restricted. Mitochondrial and genomic differentiation together with different distances between dispersal routes, natural and anthropogenic barriers and local effective population size reduction could lead to difficulties in local climatic adaptations due to reduced selection effectiveness. We have found genomic regions with selective sweep patterns which can be considered as having been affected by recent selection events. The genes located in these regions participate in neural protection, lipid conservation, and cuticle formation during diapause. These processes were shown to be important for cold adaptation in the previous transcriptomic and proteomic studies. However, the population history and relatively low coverage obtained in the present article could have negatively affect sweep detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petrogeochemical and geochronological studies were conducted on the main varieties of granitoids from the Sedelga and Berezovsky batholiths in the eastern Bureya continental Massif of the Central Asian Fold Belt. SHRIMP-II U–Pb zircon dating of granitoids constrained the time of formation to the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic between 208 to 193 Ma. Our studies revealed that the batholiths contain peraluminous granitoids of high K calc-alkaline series clearly enriched in Rb, K, Th, U, and Pb and relatively depleted in Nb, Ta, Y, HREE, Sr, Ba, Ti, and P and belong to I-type granites. Synthesis of the U–Pb geochronological data indicates that magmatism of tectonic blocks constituting the Bureya Massif at 213–183 Ma was accompanied by the emplacement of granitoid rocks of the Khara Complex. Strike-slip tectonics as a reflection of oblique collision of continental blocks and transform movement might have been an important mechanism of granitoid derivation in the Bureya Massif. Strike-slip faults were likely to penetrate deep into the crust initiating the ascent of an asthenospheric diapir and its fluids into the higher crustal levels thus transferring the heat and triggering melting with appreciable concentrations of Th, U, Rb, Pb and losses of Sr, P, Ba, and Ti. The depletion in Nb, Ta, Ti, and P and the enrichment in Pb make these granitoids similar to those of subduction zones. Granitoids of the Khara Complex display subduction-related (associated with the preceding subduction) and within-plate (associated with an asthenospheric diapir and its fluids) geochemical features, which is characteristic of transform margin environments. The most likely settings for granitoid magmatism to occur throughout the eastern margin of the Bureya Massif in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic were transform settings associated with asthenospheric diapirism following the cessation of subduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field surveys were conducted from 2008 to 2011 in the Khabarovsk and Vladivostok regions of Russia to investigate the occurrence of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, and mortality factors affecting its immature stages. We found emerald ash borer infesting both introduced North American green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall) and native oriental ashes (F. mandshurica Rupr. and F. rhynchophylla Hance) in both regions. Emerald ash borer densities (larvae/m² of phloem area) were markedly higher on green ash (11.3-76.7 in the Khabarovsk area and 77-245 in the Vladivostok area) than on artificially stressed Manchurian ash (2.2) or Oriental ash (10-59). Mortality of emerald ash borer larvae caused by different biotic factors (woodpecker predation, host plant resistance and/or undetermined diseases, and parasitism) varied with date, site, and ash species. In general, predation of emerald ash borer larvae by woodpeckers was low. While low rates (3-27%) of emerald ash borer larval mortality were caused by undetermined biotic factors on green ash between 2009 and 2011, higher rates (26-95%) of emerald ash borer larval mortality were caused by putative plant resistance in Oriental ash species in both regions. Little (<1%) parasitism of emerald ash borer larvae was observed in Khabarovsk; however, three hymenopteran parasitoids (Spathius sp., Atanycolus nigriventris Vojnovskaja-Krieger, and Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang) were observed attacking third - fourth instars of emerald ash borer in the Vladivostok area, parasitizing 0-8.3% of emerald ash borer larvae infesting Oriental ash trees and 7.3-62.7% of those on green ash trees (primarily by Spathius sp.) in two of the three study sites. Relevance of these findings to the classical biological control of emerald ash borer in newly invaded regions is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Organizations / Revista Internacional de Organizaciones (RIO) is the property of Analisi Social i Organitzativa grup de recerca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology has led to significant progress in the identification of many viruses and their genetic variants. In this study, we used the HTS platform to sequence small RNAs (sRNAs) of grapevine to study the virome. Isolation of RNA was performed using symptomatic grapevines collected from commercial vineyards in Krasnodar Krai in 2017–2018. To determine the viromes of vineyards, we used an integrated approach that included a bioinformatic analysis of the results of sRNA HTS and the molecular method RT-PCR, which made it possible to identify 13 viruses and 4 viroids. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 (GLRaV-4), Grapevine Syrah Virus-1 (GSyV-1), Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd), and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2 (GYSVd-2) were identified for the first time in Russia. Out of 38 samples analyzed, 37 had mixed infections with 4–11 viruses, indicating a high viral load. Analysis of the obtained sequences of fragments of virus genomes made it possible to identify recombination events in GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, GLRaV-4, GVT, GPGV, GRSPaV, GVA, and GFLV. The obtained results indicate a wide spread of the viruses and a high genetic diversity in the vineyards of Krasnodar Krai and emphasize the urgent need to develop and implement long-term strategies for the control of viral grapevine diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, is a beetle native to East Asia where it is considered a minor pest, preferentially attacking weakened or dying ash trees. It was first discovered in North America in 2002 and has since become one of the most serious invasive insect pests, killing millions of healthy ash trees in urban and forested settings. Similar damage is now occurring in the region of Moscow, Russia, which causes serious concern for Europe. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on A. planipennis in Asia and North America, provide new information on its occurrence in the region of Moscow and Eastern Russia and make recommendations for research and management strategies in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distribution of macro-and microelements, found in precipitation in dissolved and suspended forms (solid material) is considered. Contribution of the main sources of substance input in the precipitation on the investigated area is assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the economic importance of creating cold resilient cattle breeds, our knowledge of the genetic basis of adaptation to cold environments in cattle is still scarce compared to information on other economically important traits. Herein, using whole-genome resequencing of animals showing contrasting phenotypes on temperature maintenance under acute cold stress combined with the existing SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) functional annotations, we report chromosomal regions and candidate SNPs controlling body temperature in the Siberian cattle populations. The SNP ranking procedure based on regional FST calculations, functional annotations, and the allele frequency difference between cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive groups of animals pointed to multiple candidate genes. Among these, GRIA4, COX17, MAATS1, UPK1B, IFNGR1, DDX23, PPT1, THBS1, CCL5, ATF1, PLA1A, PRKAG1, and NR1I2 were previously related to thermal adaptations in cattle. Other genes, for example KMT2D and SNRPA1, are known to be related to thermogenesis in mice and cold adaptation in common carp, respectively. This work could be useful for cattle breeding strategies in countries with harsh climates, including the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses potential application of data on stable carbon and oxygen isotope composition of carbonates for study of organic rich source rocks on the example of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Bazhenov Formation (West Siberian petroleum basin, Russia). Geochemical studies were conducted for sections located in central (most productive) and peripheral (northern and southern) regions of the Bazhenov Formation distribution area, containing deposits formed under different conditions. We identified key factors impacting stable isotope composition of carbonate minerals and established relation of their isotope composition to the formation conditions. Using a thermodynamic model of carbon and oxygen isotope exchange in the carbonate–water–carbon dioxide system, it is shown that variations in the isotope composition of secondary carbonates are affected by isotopic composition of primary carbonates in sediments and by the isotope exchange reactions with water and carbon dioxide, generated during the source rocks transformation. Our results demonstrate that stable isotope data for carbonates in the Bazhenov Formation together with standard geochemical methods can be efficiently applied to determine sedimentation conditions and secondary alteration processes of oil source rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Domestication and centuries of selective breeding have changed genomes of sheep breeds to respond to environmental challenges and human needs. The genomes of local breeds, therefore, are valuable sources of genomic variants to be used to understand mechanisms of response to adaptation and artificial selection. As a step toward this we performed a high-density genotyping and comprehensive scans for signatures of selection in the genomes from 15 local sheep breeds reared across Russia. Results: Results demonstrated that the genomes of Russian sheep breeds contain multiple regions under putative selection. More than 50% of these regions matched with intervals identified in previous scans for selective sweeps in sheep genomes. These regions contain well-known candidate genes related to morphology, adaptation, and domestication (e.g., KITLG, KIT, MITF, and MC1R), wool quality and quantity (e.g., DSG@, DSC@, and KRT@), growth and feed intake (e.g., HOXA@, HOXC@, LCORL, NCAPG, LAP3, and CCSER1), reproduction (e.g., CMTM6, HTRA1, GNAQ, UBQLN1, and IFT88), and milk-related traits (e.g., ABCG2, SPP1, ACSS1, and ACSS2). In addition, multiple genes that are putatively related to environmental adaptations were top-ranked in selected intervals (e.g., EGFR, HSPH1, NMUR1, EDNRB, PRL, TSHR, and ADAMTS5). Moreover, we observed that multiple key genes involved in human hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies, and genetic disorders accompanied with an inability to feel pain and environmental temperatures, were top-ranked in multiple or individual sheep breeds from Russia pointing to a possible mechanism of adaptation to harsh climatic conditions. Conclusions: Our work represents the first comprehensive scan for signatures of selection in genomes of local sheep breeds from the Russian Federation of both European and Asian origins. We confirmed that the genomes of Russian sheep contain previously identified signatures of selection, demonstrating the robustness of our integrative approach. Multiple novel signatures of selection were found near genes which could be related to adaptation to the harsh environments of Russia. Our study forms a basis for future work on using Russian sheep genomes to spot specific genetic variants or haplotypes to be used in efforts on developing next-generation highly productive breeds, better suited to diverse Eurasian environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Design of new highly productive livestock breeds, well-adapted to local climatic conditions is one of the aims of modern agriculture and breeding. The genetics underlying economically important traits in cattle are widely studied, whereas our knowledge of the genetic mechanisms of adaptation to local environments is still scarce. To address this issue for cold climates we used an integrated approach for detecting genomic intervals related to body temperature maintenance under acute cold stress. Our approach combined genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and scans for signatures of selection applied to a cattle population (Hereford and Kazakh Whiteheaded beef breeds) bred in Siberia. We utilized the GGP HD150K DNA chip containing 139,376 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Results: We detected a single candidate region on cattle chromosome (BTA)15 overlapping between the GWAS results and the results of scans for selective sweeps. This region contains two genes, MSANTD4 and GRIA4. Both genes are functional candidates to contribute to the cold-stress resistance phenotype, due to their indirect involvement in the cold shock response (MSANTD4) and body thermoregulation (GRIA4). Conclusions: Our results point to a novel region on BTA15 which is a candidate region associated with the body temperature maintenance phenotype in Siberian cattle. The results of our research and the follow up studies might be used for the development of cattle breeds better adapted to cold climates of the Russian Federation and other Northern countries with similar climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which described the chemical compositions of metabolites extracted from the fungus Curvularia inaequalis (Shear) Boedijn from a sediment sample collected on the coast of Shikotan island in Russia. The metabolites are phomalactone, cinodontin, curvulapyroine, radicinin and ergosterol peroxide.

Focuses on the thin capitalization rules included in the proposed amendments to the Russian Tax Code. Deb-to-equity ratio on which the calculation of maximum tax deduction is based; Percentage of share capital for loans issued to resident companies by a foreign investor.