1. Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among three immigrant groups in Finland: evidence from a population-based study using standardised 25-hydroxyvitamin D data.
- Author
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Adebayo, Folasade A, Itkonen, Suvi T, Lilja, Eero, Jääskeläinen, Tuija, Lundqvist, Annamari, Laatikainen, Tiina, Koponen, Päivikki, Cashman, Kevin D, Erkkola, Maijaliisa, and Lamberg-Allardt, Christel
- Subjects
VITAMIN D deficiency ,VITAMIN D ,KURDS ,ALCOHOL drinking ,SOMALIS ,BIRTHPLACES ,IMMIGRANTS ,VITAMINS ,RESEARCH ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,DIET ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,SEASONS ,DIETARY supplements ,SURVEYS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DISEASE prevalence ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,NUTRITIONAL status - Abstract
Objective: We investigated the determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [S-25(OH)D] and dietary vitamin D sources among three immigrant groups in Finland and compared their S-25(OH)D to the general Finnish population.Design: Cross-sectional population-based Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study and the nationally representative Finnish Health 2011 Survey. S-25(OH)D was standardised according to the Vitamin D Standardisation Program. Vitamin D sources were assessed by interview.Setting: Six different municipalities in Finland (60°-63°N).Participants: Immigrants aged 18-64 years (446 Russians, 346 Somalis, 500 Kurds), 798 Finns aged 30-64 years.Results: The mean of S-25(OH)D was 64 (95 % CI 62, 66), 44 (95 % CI 41, 46), 35 (95 % CI 34, 37) and 64 (95 % CI 62, 66) nmol/l for Russians, Somalis, Kurds and Finns, respectively. S-25(OH)D among Somalis and Kurds was lower compared with Finns (P < 0·001). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (S-25(OH)D <30 nmol/l) and insufficiency (S-25(OH)D <50 nmol/l) was higher among immigrants than Finns (P < 0·001). Vitamin D-rich foods differed between the groups; vitamin D-fortified fat spread consumption was higher among Somalis (91 %) than among Russians (73 %) and Kurds (60 %); fish was less consumed among Kurds (17 %) than among Russians (43 %) and Somalis (38 %); and 57 % Russians, 56 % Kurds and 36 % Somalis consumed vitamin D-fortified dairy daily (P < 0·001 for all). Daily smoking, alcohol consumption and winter blood sampling were determinants of vitamin D insufficiency (P ≤ 0·03). Older age, physical activity, fish and vitamin D-fortified dairy consumption were associated with lower odds of insufficiency (P ≤ 0·04).Conclusions: Vitamin D status differed among immigrant groups and the determinants are, to some degree, associated with learned or existing cultural behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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