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The relevance of the researched problem is caused by existence of differentiation in development of separate regional units (urban districts and municipalities) within the region. The aim of this article is to offer a method, which determines the level of differentiation in development of various components of the region, and also in producing a set of recommendations for local government administration to achieve higher level in development of their territories. The leading approach to the research of this problem is the ranking method of regional units according to cumulative socioeconomic potential and integral risk. The results of the research are: the estimation procedure for entrepreneurial territorial attractiveness is offered and tried out, with the use of municipal formations of the Samara region as an example; the advantages and "bottlenecks" in development of the concrete urban district are educed; specific measures for realization of advantages and (or) elimination of "bottlenecks" are offered. The materials of the research can be useful for developing strategy for improvement of the region by regional public authorities, for leveling-off of social and economic differentiation of separate regional units, and also for developing of scientifically based municipal programs of support and development of entrepreneurship.

The purpose of this study was to examine a concept and content of a public-private partnership as a perspective tool for development of cooperation among the EEU countries. The standard and legal base and institutes of PPP development in the EEU countries are studied herein. Main problems of PPP development are determined on the basis of the analysis of PPP practice in the EEU countries. Recommendations regarding the PPP mechanism development in the EEU countries are given to develop international cooperation in PPPs and coordination among the EEU countries at the interstate level.

There is a persistent opinion that the spread of narcotics abuse is taking in more and more young people and having an impact on the economic, political, and cultural development of society. Data obtained by sociologists and criminologists make it possible to single out the factors, conditions, and channels of the spread of psychoactive substances [PAS]. Until recently, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was not counted among the regions where narcotics abuse was mounting. At the same time, the crime situation is characterized by the same tendencies that are prevalent in the country as a whole: a rise in registered crimes, basically as the result of the increase in violations of the laws stemming from greed, and crimes linked to the illegal circulation of narcotics. Data from a study of substance abuse among young people in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) show that it increases when social and economic opportunities are lacking, and when supplies of drugs increase. Programs to combat this need to be more comprehensive and more coordinated on both local and national levels.

Copyright of Conjuntura Austral is the property of Conjuntura Austral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Arctic has been the subject of increasing attention from several international actors, including Arctic states, most notably the US and Russia, and non-Arctic actors such as the EU and China. Each has specific interests in the region, ranging from security issues to economic and environmental opportunities. The situation in the Arctic is complex and constantly evolving. While international cooperation in the region is desirable, there are strong tensions and competition between the aforementioned actors due to the various interests at stake. Arctic governance and the management of associated challenges, such as climate change and security, are important issues that require continued attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of the National Guard (Rosgvardiya) in 2016 represented a striking reorganization of Russia's public order and internal security forces, suggesting a growing concern on the part of the Kremlin that it might need to deploy force onto the streets. It also created a powerful new institution with political, business and even cultural ambitions, one that uses its coercive muscle to capture new economic opportunities. As such, its emergence and evolution can be used to assess not only the coercive capabilities and intent of the regime, but also why and how bureaucratic structures compete, seek to build empires, and extend their influence into new domains. In particular, it offers insights into the continued importance of horizontal politics in a system too often conceptualized in purely vertical terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: Integration and globalization processes encourage activities for the development of border regions. For the north-eastern regions of Poland and the Kaliningrad region, cross-border neighbourhood enables regions to cooperate and provides an opportunity for economic and social recovery. Purpose of the article: The present article aims to analyse areas of cross-border activity taking place on the Polish-Russian borderland, based on the opinions of the inhabitants of the Kaliningrad region. Taking into account the rapidly changing political and economic conditions, as well as social relations, the following areas of Polish-Russian cross-border cooperation have been examined: economic activity, tourism, social activity, scientific cooperation, neighbourly relations. Methods: The study presents the results of the author's own research carried out using standardized interviews with 1,022 inhabitants of the Kaliningrad region. As the research instrument, a self-designed interview questionnaire. The adopted time frame encompassed four stages of the functioning of Polish-Russian cross-border cooperation, each of them different due to political, eco-nomic and social conditions. The sample was selected using the quota method. The correspondence analysis was used for statistical tools. Findings & Value added: The suspension of local border traffic has significantly limited the development of cross-border cooperation. The Polish-Russian relations, encumbered with high risk and uncertainty, have led to a considerable decrease in cooperation between border areas. The level of risk results not only from mutual relations between Poland and Russia, but is also a consequence of political and economic relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation. In the long term perspective, local border traffic may be open and similar conditions for the functioning of cross-border cooperation may occur. Therefore, knowledge about the activity of cross-border residents of Polish-Russian border regions will be useful in counteracting the undesirable effects that may occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on sanctions often neglects the role of domestic firms in sender states, although sanctions only have a real economic effect when senders' firms reduce their activities on the target's market. In contrast, sanctions avoidance and increasing investments in the target country (the observed behaviour of many companies facing the EU sanctions against Russia imposed in 2014) mitigate the impact of these restrictive measures. While sanctions increase the political risk for companies, they also offer economic opportunities—and previous studies could not settle the debate on which factor prevails. By evaluating responses from British, French, German, Italian and Polish enterprises to an online survey distributed in 2017, we analyse at the firm level how sanction‐torn companies adjust to new political orders and what drives their strategic decisions. We find evidence that resource dependency induces strategies that challenge sanction policies: in particular, non‐fungible assets in the target country incentivise companies to further increase their engagement. These defiance strategies diminish the real economic effect of sanctions and generate a new economic equilibrium, which has negative long‐term implications on the choice set of policymakers to further pursue the imposition of sanctions and which even outlasts the lifting of these restrictive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the directions of increasing the efficiency of using the potential of social protection of the region's population. It was revealed that the potential of social protection, in contrast to its socioeconomic potential, has a limited importance, since it is formed in a planned manner, depending on the availability of financial and resources of another nature. Therefore, when analyzing the level of formation and use of the potential of social protection of the region, it is possible to assess the level of use of its structural components to improve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The municipal economies of the Republic of Buryatia reveal extremely low starting conditions for integration into the international division of labor. The republic has significant room to improve its economic opportunities. Measures are proposed at the local, regional, and federal levels to help the municipal economies of the federal subjects of Russia to become competitive and to integrate them into the trade and economic chains of the external market, including the Eurasian Economic Union and Great Silk Road. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the specifics of Russian discourse of globalization. The key features of the discourse of the Russian idea in the Russian intellectual space, features of the relations of the Russian and Western intellectual discourse are considered. The characteristics of the Russian discourse of globalization from within and globalization from the outside are given and identified on the basis of an analysis of Russia's economic and political opportunities in its domestic and foreign policy. It was concluded that Russia in the modern world, where it is one of the key players in big politics and the world economy, thinks and acts globally. It is a globalized country in the fight against the dark side of globalization, but is at a certain distance from managing global security in the military sphere due to the actual lack of cooperation with NATO and Washington. It is argued that Russia offers an alternative globalization project to the West, with emphasis on the national sovereignty of countries and integration based on consent. Various analytical surveys, reports, and official documents compiled by Russian official agencies and think-tanks in 2012-2019 support the author's arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (CFPJ) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the legal protection of the environment from pollution by industrial and consumer waste, focusing on typical problems experienced by the Russian Federation and other post-Soviet States. It builds on the studies of the legal basis for management of industrial and consumer waste, and the economic opportunities of recycling. The authors analyse the effectiveness of administrative mechanisms for preventing pollution; the differences in the relevant powers of federal, regional and local authorities; and the need for authorities to better coordinate their work in this area. With regard to the Russian Federation, it assesses the municipal solid waste management reform that commenced on 1 January 2019, encompassing the principles and mechanisms for waste collection, sorting, processing and disposal, as well as its efforts to create a new household culture and to improve environmental wellbeing. It notes that the high cost of the reform has thus far mainly been borne by the population, giving rise to serious discontent, and proposes to reduce these negative financial consequences through better organisation of the country's system of environmental payments as applied to industrial and consumer waste, i.e., by employing the "polluter pays" principle. It also recognises and discusses the need to develop fiscal mechanisms aimed at encouraging the use of waste and secondary resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the processes through which Arctic identity is shaped, using surveys, interviews, media, and document analysis. How has Arctic identity emerged, and why? The aim is not only to trace historical and cultural elements, but to explore their formation and place them within processes of larger regional transformations. To discuss these processes in depth, three perspectives are used: territorial, symbolic, and institutional. The case of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in Russia demonstrates that Arctic identity is not always manifested blatantly but rather performed through certain activities. Its emergence has been in response to challenges: it was in economic turmoil following the dissolution of the Soviet state and growing environmental concerns that drove development of Arctic identity in the northern region. Moreover, opening of the borders and development of international relations enabled a strong sense of shared identity among Sakha (Yakutia) citizens and other northerners of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to address underexplored issues in Eurasian continental integration such as the impact of the continental (landlocked) location of vast inland territories on their economic development and possible ways to overcome transportation-economic difficulties within the framework of a Greater Eurasia. It notes the trend towards the progressive formation of this broad integration grouping on a continental scale and, based on a politico-economic understanding of the essence of the new bloc, determines its current composition, which mainly includes member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and member and observer countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The author considers the conceptual views of geopoliticians and geographers on the role and place of continental Eurasia in the world and examines the main prerequisites and difficulties of Eurasian continental integration. The study reveals a common geographical feature of the countries included in Greater Eurasia: the unique ultra-continental position of their inland regions, located, globally speaking, at the greatest distance from economical sea routes and major world markets. A case study of the Central Asian countries, Russia's Siberia, and the western regions of China shows the negative impact of the ultra-continentality factor as manifested in increased transport costs, which creates serious barriers to economic growth and foreign trade activity. It is suggested that accelerated creation of latitudinal and meridional international transport corridors is a promising way to achieve greater economic consolidation of the inland regions of Greater Eurasia. The study highlights the new opportunities for the economic development of Russia's ultra-continental macroregions offered by Eurasian continental integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the authors look at responses from very successful Russian entrepreneurs to understand the leadership styles that have helped them to become successful and to determine whether they had chosen the open style used by U.S. entrepreneurs or had retained the controlling style common to the Soviet-era. The authors explain that they are seeking to determine if there is a convergence of entrepreneurial characteristics that are similar across cultures. The article notes that the authors used a multiple case analysis as their research methodology to determine that most of the Russian entrepreneurs used the open style. INSETS: SIDEBAR 1. Open Leadership Style;SIDEBAR 2. Open Leadership Style;SIDEBAR 3. Controlling Leadership Style;SIDEBAR 4. Balanced Leadership Style

At present, culture is one of the most important factors in the scientific, technological, and, subsequently, economic development of national economies. Culture encompasses more than just extensive opportunities for exchanges and collaboration between countries - it catalyzes the formation of new opportunities for cultural synthesis that can change its creative potential and forms of engagement in regional and transnational collaboration. The attitude towards national culture as a phenomenon of which aspects can be reconceived and reformulated in terms of international collaboration as aspects of politics, economy and culture opens up both new potential for its mobility, and also its transformative creative power. In this context, discourses of collaboration between agents serve not only as factors for the organization of a collaborative sociocultural environment, but also as prerequisites for a cultural and creative hybridity, which is actively formed in environments where cultural boundaries are less pronounced. Through a new public diplomacy, studying the cultural prospects of relations between the Republic of Korea and Russia allows us to discuss the concept that forms of cultural synthesis that arise in the course of development of long-term humanitarian exchanges (educational, scientific, and others) provide the foundation for us to address the prospects of South Korean-Russian relations from the new angle of cultural hybridity in the 21st century. The buildup of culture at the hands of representatives of Russian and Korean culture produces a uniquely creative experiment in cultural collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This paper aims to review contributions made to the strategic question about the main trends, opportunities, challenges and success factors in the Russian hospitality and tourism market in the experience economy era.Design/methodology/approach Based on the strategic question, a critical analysis of each contribution was carried out to identify the key themes and the issues, impacts and findings related to each theme.Findings The findings show nine key themes related to the sustainable development of the Russian hospitality and tourism market.Research limitations/implications The findings create a framework to boost discussion between all stakeholders in the tourism and hospitality industry in Russia. There are ways to improve the competitiveness of the country as a tourist destination in spite of a number of impediments, both internal and external. Overall, this theme issue provides a useful framework for discussions with a wider range of stakeholders as the implications arising are of importance to all stakeholder groups.Originality/value All nine articles have contributed different perspectives to the topic, and all confirm that networking is critical in the experience economy era to ensure that aspirations and concerns of all key stakeholders are taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgency of environmental protection is determined by its intensive change because of human impact, which, among other things, accompanied by an increasing of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. One of the ways to reduce the emission is Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies. To date, developed countries have successfully implemented a number of CCS demonstration projects. Their main purpose is to study the effectiveness of CO2 storage. Russia is one of the world's largest producers of CO2 emissions. However, CO2 capture and storage issues are not studied by Russian enterprises due to the absence of environmental taxes. The experience of developed countries shows that CO2 storage projects, in addition to the reduction of anthropogenic impact, can be commercially effective not only by reducing the tax burden. This review presents the analysis of international experience in the field of CO2 capture and storage. Given the immaturity of technology and lack of the necessary volume of statistical data, it was an attempt to determine the minimum conditions, which permit the implementation of CCS projects in Russian oil fields. On the basis of the Russian development forecast and the fuel balance structure the volumes of CO2 emissions in the 2016-2030 years were calculated. According to significant difference in opinions about the feasibility of CCS implementation in Russia, this review presents the main arguments for and against such projects. Evaluation of the potential effectiveness of CCS projects to enhance oil recovery factor showed that in spite of the absence of CO2 emissions taxes, such projects could be commercially effective in Russia due to the increase in oil recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Entrepreneurship is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since coming to power in 2000, Russian president Vladimir Putin has tried to construct a narrative of regaining Russia's status as a major global power. However, in practice the Kremlin has yet to create a coherent strategy or achieve a sense of a co-ordinated foreign policy. While North Africa has not been at the forefront of this narrative, recently Moscow has intensified its diplomatic links and cooperation with the regimes in the region. The Arab Spring presented Russian policy makers with a series of challenges regarding the uncertainty of the developments in the region, but also with renewed economic opportunities. This profile analyses Moscow's relationships with the countries in North Africa (Libya, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria) in the wake of the Arab Spring. In each case the Kremlin aimed to take advantage of the new opportunities without really being guided by an overarching strategy for the region. However, Russia increasingly seems to be keen to position itself in the region as an alternative to the EU or the US, not least in light of the current war in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data showing an increase in incomes in Russia often exaggerate the amount involved, and hide the fact that increases are concentrated in a few places, notably Moscow and other large cities. The growth in government employment accounts for a large part of the improvement in incomes, and the uneven territorial modernization of the economy is limiting the creation of highly skilled jobs, leading to both generational and geographic differences in economic opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the main stages of private (small) entrepreneurship (SME) development and changing approaches to the SME policy in Russia under the systemic transition. The author argues that the entrepreneurship and SME policy in Russia remains rather reactive than pro-active. A special attention is paid to the crisis (2008-2009) impact both on the entrepreneurial activity of population based on Global Entrepreneurship Monitors (GEM) data as well as on the State inconsistent policy to promote SME under slowdown. In Russia, the strategic objective of government policies must be to support productive entrepreneurship and limit the options for rent-oriented or even parasitic growth of the two other types. But this task involves fundamental changes in the system of ownership rights and the entire structure of social relations, for the domination of unproductive and 'destructive' entrepreneurship is inseparable from the system of 'power-ownership' dominating in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the North Caucasus and the region's economic opportunities. The author discusses strategies for developing socio-economic and political ties in the North Caucasus and details its natural resources, migration patterns and transportation network. The interaction between the North Caucasus and neighboring regions including the Russian Federation is analyzed, and the impact of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) eastward expansion is discussed.