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Studying results of the groundwater isotope composition in the Neogene-Quaternary and Mesozoic sediments of the Azov-Kuban and Eastern Pre-Caucasian artesian basins have shown in the Pliocene sediments a rather wide distribution of 'relict' groundwater, formed because of melting of the Late Pleistocene Caucasian glaciers, as well as of groundwater formed due to its mixing with the meteogenic waters of the subsequent Holocene infiltration cycles. Also, the areas are revealed in the Lower-Miocene sediments where meteogenic waters are mixed with sedimentation waters, while in the Mesozoic formations-the areas where into the sedimentation waters wedge-shaped meteogenic waters of Pleistocene and Holocene infiltration periods are intruded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution of potable water with natural elements is an important issue for many towns of central Russia. Study of the chemical composition and hydrodynamics of groundwaters made it possible to establish some regularity in the influence of the anthropogenic load and exploitation regime of water intake (hereafter, intake) on their quality. It is shown that the quantitative prognosis of pollution of water wells should be based on the complex study of geochemical, hydrodynamic, and economic conditions of water consumption. Solution of the problem concerning the quality of groundwater within natural-technogenic hydrogeochemical anomalies requires an integrated strategy of measures aimed at adaptation of the water consumption to limits of natural stability in the water basin and to reduction of the emission of technogenic toxic substances and greenhouse gases. It is recommended to carry out complex geochemical studies of the aquifer in order to predict the possible groundwater pollution by natural pollutants. The study is based on the results of analysis of 5000 samples carried out at the Chemical-Analytical Center of the Taifun Scientific-Industrial Enterprise of the Russian Hydrometeorological Center and the Vodokanal Small Enterprise (Obninsk). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: New data on the geochemistry and isotopic composition of chloride brines of the Siberian Platform are presented. The distribution of stable isotopes (2H, 18O, and 37Cl) in brines of the Tunguska, Angara-Lena, western part of the Yakutian and Olenek artesian basins and 87Sr/86Sr in brines of the western part of the Olenek artesian basin was studied in the context of the problem of genesis of highly mineralized groundwaters. Results of the study and comparative analysis of the geochemical and isotopic peculiarities of the Siberian Platform brines conform to the theory of brine formation through the interaction of connate waters with enclosing rocks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Artesian basins contain the largest mineral water resources of the world. There are several types of mineral therapeutic water: sulfate, chloride, radon-rich, iron-rich waters, etc. Artesian basins occupy very large areas in Russia. However, genesis of water and brines is still not very clear. This is one of the most important hydrogeological problems that is being attempted to solve for many years. Most of the Russian hydrogeologists traditionally consider that these waters are of sedimentary origin. However, higher concentrations of bromine, iodine, iron, radon and other balneologically active components can be of different origin, for example, of infiltration or juvenile water. As an example, two areas will be considered - West-Siberian basin and East-European artesian area.West-Siberian artesian basin has very distinct latitudinal and vertical zonation. Latitudinal zonation is caused by climate changes from north to south. As for the vertical zonation, mineralization and chemical composition change in the vertical cross-section and from the periphery to the center within the same aquifer. The main mineral water resources of West-Siberian artesian basin are concentrated in Mesozoic rocks. Brackish waters and low-saturated brines without specific components are used for medical purposes. The most well-known spa is Karachi, which exploits chloride-hydrocarbonate brackish water. Sodium chloride bromine and iodine-bromine waters are used at other health resorts. It is possible to organize extraction of iodine from brines of Tcherkashinsko-Tobolskoe occurrence in Tumen region.East-European artesian area occupies most of the Russian Platform. The most widespread types of mineral water within the Russian Platform are sodium-chloride and magnesium-sulfate waters and brines. Such well-known spas, like Moscow mineral waters, Krainka, Staraya Russa and many others, belong to this type. Resources of these waters are definitely connected with sedimentogenic processes. The upper hydrodynamic zone contains iron-rich, hydrogen sulfide, and sometimes radon-rich water. Their formation is caused by the interaction between waters of infiltration and sedimentary genesis, or between infiltration waters and host rocks. One of the examples is Polustrovo iron-rich water. There are industrially valuable waters containing bromine and iodine.The resources of therapeutic water of sedimentary basins allow to increase balneological potential of spas in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article discusses a study which analyzed the arsenic content of groundwaters in the North Dagestan artesian basin (NDAB) in Russia. The geological section of the basin is described in the study. The results of repeated chemical analysis of water for arsenic content are detailed. The study also concluded that the arsenic content in waters shows no any variation with time.