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Background: Recently, many studies have investigated the role of migration on mental health. Nonetheless, only few focused on the consequences of childhood trauma, hopelessness, and resilience on migrants' psychopathology, including psychiatric disorders and symptoms. Method: 119 migrants were recruited between May 2017 and April 2018, among those applying for assessment to the Mental Health Operational Unit of the National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (NIHMP) in Rome, Italy. Assessment included the following: Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Beck's Suicide Intent Scale (SIS), Brief Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ), Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI). Results: 53.39% of migrants scored above the PCL-5 cut-off score (mean score was 39.45). SDS scores below the cutoff suggested the presence of depression in 42.37%, while According to SAS scores anxiety levels were low in 38.98% of migrants. During childhood, physical abuse and neglect were reported respectively by 56.78 and 69.49% of migrants. Conclusion: We found that Post Traumatic Stress Disorders play the role of mediators for the relation between the childhood traumatic experiences and aggressiveness, anxious and depressive symptomatology, while hopelessness is a mediator between the childhood traumatic experiences and the development of depression in adulthood. Hopelessness seems to influence the strength of the relation between childhood traumatic experiences and the individual's current intensity of suicidal attitudes, plans, and behaviors. Further developments and future perspectives of the research project are to address key gaps in the field of resilience by means of a longitudinal evaluation study in migrants, including a native population control group, acceding to NIHMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historians of Latin literature of late antiquity agree that besides a more stable economy and political environment, the fourth and early fifth centuries saw a renaissance of Latin literature. Yet given this apparent consensus, poetry in this period lacked its traditional cultural authority; that is, poetry's ability to be intellectually and culturally relevant had been significantly curtailed. Patristic prose (Lactantius, Ambrose, Augustine) played a decisive role in determining what kind of poetry was permissible in the Roman Christian empire of the fourth century and influenced poetry's status in subsequent centuries. Although the major poets (Juvencus, Proba, Ambrose, Ausonius, Paulinus of Nola, Prudentius, and Claudian) have received well-deserved scholarly attention, their work reflects poetry's marginalized cultural status. The notion of a fourth-century revival for poetry should be scrutinized according to criteria that takes into account the subsidiary role of poetry within the church-dominated society of the age, and according to its reception in the Christian and secular literary histories that have since followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A history of suicide attempts represents the strongest predictor of completed suicide. Studies suggested that multiple suicide attempters (MSAs) might present a higher risk of suicide than those who attempted once (SSAs). To date, only a few studies examined the characteristics of MSAs compared to SSAs. Objectives: To assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of SSAs, MSAs, and suicidal ideators (SIs) and compare the risk of reattempt. We hypothesized that MSAs might be at higher risk of reattempt compared to the other groups. Methods: The study sample consisted of 153 adult inpatients admitted to the emergency psychiatric unit at Sant'Andrea Hospital in Rome. Patients with suicidal ideation or attempted suicide were included. We divided them into three groups using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (58 SSAs, 65 MSAs, 30 SIs). Sociodemographic and clinical features were collected through interviews and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Continuous variables were compared using Student's t-test and Kruskal Wallis test, categorical variables through X2-test. Results: The components "future expectations" and "loss of motivation" at the BHS were significantly higher in SAs than in SIs (p=0,021; 0,006). MSAs, compared to SSAs, presented more lethal than suicide attempts (2.3±0.9 vs. 1.5±1.1, p<0.001). Conclusions: According to our preliminary findings, having attempted suicide is associated with lower hope and motivation towards the future and increased lethality of the subsequent attempts. Our results confirmed that MSAs are at higher risk of reattempting suicide using a more lethal method than SSAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]