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This study was carried out within the project "Roma Hispana. Nuevas tecnologías aplicadas al estudio histórico, la musealización y la puesta en valor de Patrimonio Cultural español en Roma: la spezieria di Santa Maria della Scala" (Universitat de València Spain), which is funded by the Conselleria d'Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital of the Generalitat Valenciana (2020–2021) and authorized by the Sovrintendenza Speciale Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio (Special Superintendence of Archeology, Fine Arts and Landscape) of Rome, Italy. The spezieria di Santa Maria della Scala was the oldest apothecary in Europe managed by the order of Discalced Carmelite friars. Operating between the second half of the seventeenth century and the mid-twentieth century, over time it acquired great prestige, becoming known as the Pharmacy of the Popes. The aims of the "Roma Hispana" project are to study, musealize and disseminate the material and immaterial cultural heritage of this historical spezieria by combining physicochemical and cultural studies, new 3D technologies, and artificial intelligence. As a case study, in this paper we report the application of a laser scanner prototype for 3D color imaging of the spezieria's sales room and use a simpler photogrammetry method to collect analogous data in the small nearby storeroom coupled to the high-power capabilities of the ENEA parallel computer facility. Digital data were collected to enable a virtual tour that provides a fully navigable, faithful, high-resolution 3D color model to render this ancient Roman apothecary accessible and usable to interested members of the public and experts in the sector (art historians, restorers, etc.). We also describe the 3D technology used to obtain three-dimensional images of the cultural assets of these spaces (mostly drug containers) and its results. The ultimate aim of this study is to achieve the virtual musealization of the heritage complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The diagnostic analysis of Vincenzo Pasqualoni's painting placed at S. Nicola in Carcere, in Rome, is presented. • The presented combined approach using spectroscopic analyses: XRF, Raman, FT-IR, UV-VIS-NIR was effective to the identification of pictorial material used. • Inorganic pigments mainly compose the artist's palette. • The painter used fresco technique, with some secco retouching and finishing, probably using tempera. • The successful application of statistical analyses to characterize the painting (PCA, SAM, PLS-DA) is demonstrated. An analytical approach applied to Vincenzo Pasqualoni's wall paintings in the apse of S. Nicola in Carcere (Rome) is described in this work. The diagnostic campaign was guided following the indications of the restorers, which were supported over all the phases of the restoration, addressing the multi-analytical approach to identify the original pigments palette used by artist, the conservation state and the presence of consolidants materials, by using spectroscopic techniques supported by chemometric analyses. In particular, reflectance spectroscopy from ultraviolet to short wavelength infrared (UV-VIS-SWIR) combined with chemometric approach, X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the original pigments palette and execution techniques. In addition, original binders and synthetic compounds, used in previous restoration treatments, were detected by using Time Gated Laser Induced Fluorescence spectroscopy (TG-LIF) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The obtained results onto the case study of S. Nicola in Carcere is a proof of a synergic integration between scientific analytical methods and conservation/restoration approach, subject of high impact and interest in the field of Cultural Heritage. Specifically, through the application of the above-mentioned techniques it was possible to identify the palette used by the artist, mainly composed of inorganic pigments such as ochers, chrome green, cobalt blue, and others. About the binders used by the artist we deduce the use of fresco technique for the upper part of the apse, combined with the use of tempera for retouches. Finally, the presence of acrylic-based compounds used in previous restoration treatments was also documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Detailed characterisation of mural paintings from I-II A.D. roman villa. • Rich colour palette and technical expertise in preparation and laying of pigments. • Provenance study of materials confirms trade routes. • Correlation between stylistic relevance and execution complexity. • Combined use of in-situ and laboratory techniques for material identification. Here we present a multi-analytical approach, that makes use of spectroscopic and imaging techniques, aiming at characterising the wall paintings of the "Villa della Piscina", a Roman archaeological site in Rome. More specifically, we focus the attention on plaster fragments dated in the narrow temporal window bounded between the second half of I century and the first half of II century A.D., according to stylistic and archaeological standpoint. This investigation aims at supporting archaeologists in the reconstruction of the decorative motif of the Roman Villa, by studying the composition, the provenance and the style of the decorative phases of the analysed fragments. The presence of conservation and restoration treatments, as protective materials, is also investigated. Our study evidences a rich color palette and a refined use of mixtures of minerals and pigments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]