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Objective: To analyze the interaction between ACP 1 and PTPN22 concerning their effects on the growth of the tumor. In previous paper we have shown (i) that ACP 1 *B/*B genotype of ACP 1 is negatively associated with the growth of leiomyomas and (ii) that there is a negative association of *C/*C genotype of PTPN22 with tumor growth., Materials and Methods: Two hundred and three White women from the population of Rome with symptomatic leiomyomas were recruited in the University of Rome Tor Vergata. All subjects gave consent for the participation in the study that was approved by the Council of Department. ACP 1 and PTPN22 genotypes were determined by DNA analysis., Results: The proportion of women with small leiomyomas decreases with the decrease of the number of protective factors and it is 37.2% in women carrying the joint genotype ACP 1 *B/*B-PTPN22 *C/*C (two protective factors) and 0% in women carrying no protective factors. Three way contingency table analysis by a log linear model has shown no evidence of epistatic interaction between the two genetic systems but a highly significant cooperative effect on the dimension of leiomyomas. There is a highly significant negative correlation between the number of protective factors and the dimension of leiomyomas with a minimum (cm 4.74) in women carrying the joint genotype ACP 1 *B/B-PTPN22 *C/*C and a maximum (cm 7.25) in women carrying no protective factors., Conclusion: The present study suggests a cooperative interaction between ACP 1 and PTPN22 concerning their effects on the growth of uterine leiomyomas. The determination of the genotype of the two systems may help to evaluate the risk of clinical manifestations of this common benign tumor., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Purpose: Association between p53 codon 72 and endometriosis has been observed in populations of East Asia but not in those of European descent. Genetic polymorphisms could interact with p53 codon 72 influencing its association with endometriosis, thus explaining these differences among populations., Methods: 130 women hospitalized for endometriosis and a sample of 250 women without endometriosis have been studied. All women were from the White population of Rome. ACP1, PTPN22, ADA6 and p53 codon 72 genotypes were determined by DNA analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS package. Three-way contingency table analyses were performed by a log linear model according to Sokal and Rohlf., Results: There is an epistatic interaction among ADA6, p53 codon 72 and endometriosis resulting in a positive association between carriers of *Pro allele of p53 codon 72 and endometriosis in women carrying the ADA6 *1 allele. PTPN22 and ACP1 show an additive effect with p53 codon 72 concerning their effect on endometriosis. The strength of association between p53 codon 72 and endometriosis is positively correlated with the number of the three factors considered., Conclusion: ADA6, PTPN22 and ACP1 are involved in immune reactions: since endometriosis has an autoimmune component, a cooperative interaction among these genetic systems appears biological plausible. The present result could contribute to explain the differences observed among populations concerning the association between p53 codon 72 and endometriosis.

Background: Currently, there is a surge of interest on the possible relationship between cancer and acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP(1)), an enzyme involved in the modulation of growth factors and cellular metabolism. As far as the authors know, the possible relationship between ACP(1) genetic variability and cancer grading has not yet been considered. In this article, the authors have studied the relationship between ACP(1) genotype and grade in colon and endometrium cancers., Methods: Seventy-one patients with colon cancer and 71 patients with endometrium cancer were studied. ACP(1) genotype was determined by DNA analysis. Three-way contingency table analysis was carried out according to Sokal and Rohlf. Other statistical analyses were performed using SPSS programs., Results: There is a significant association between ACP(1) and cancer grade mainly due to ACP(1) genotypes carrying the *C allele that are much less represented in patients with low grade when compared with those with high grade. In both cancers, the concentration of S isoform is significantly lower in low grade than in high grade. The relationship between ACP(1) and grade is the same in the 2 cancers., Conclusions: Assuming the presence of diverse classes of cancer, the role of ACP(1) in the modulation of growth factors and cellular metabolism could have significant effects in less aggressive forms but not in more aggressive ones.

Background: The developmental origin theory of coronary heart disease proposes that undernutrition in utero permanently changes body functions and metabolism leading to an increased risk of coronary artery diseases (CAD) in adult life. Some studies support this theory but others suggest that birth weight (BW) is not a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Gender differences concerning the association between BW and risk factors for CAD have been reported in some studies but not in others.In this paper we have analyzed the effect of gender and diabetes on the relationship between BW and CAD in the White population of Rome., Material and Methods: 226 subjects admitted to the Hospital for non fatal CAD from the White population of Rome were studied. 395 consecutive newborn infants studied in the same population in the years 1968-1972 were considered for comparison., Results: Among subjects with CAD, reliable information on BW was obtained in 127 subjects. The distribution of BW in CAD depends on gender (p=0.009). In females with CAD there is a tendency toward low BW, while in males with CAD there is a tendency toward high BW. These associations are very marked in non-diabetic subjects with CAD (p=.001), while no significant association is observed in diabetic subjects (p=0.557)., Conclusion: Our data confirm the association between BW and CAD and suggest that the association depends on gender and is influenced by diabetes.

The ACP1 (acid phosphatase locus 1) gene encodes a highly polymorphic low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) involved in the modulation of various signal transduction pathways including T-cell receptor. Previous studies suggest an association of this enzyme with allergic disorders. The aim of this study was to review our previous data and to confirm the association by further observations. Two new independent samples of individuals were studied from the population of Rome. ACP1 genotype was determined and history of allergic disorders was recorded. All allergic subjects had at least one positive prick test. Three-way contingency table analyses were performed by a log linear model. In all samples studied from different populations (Italian, English, and Chinese for a total of 958 subjects) we found that the proportion of allergic subjects was higher among genotypes with low enzymic activity than among genotypes with high activity. Concentration of IgE was negatively correlated with ACP1 enzymic activity. Carriers of ACP1 genotypes associated with low enzymic activity may be more susceptible to allergic disorders.