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Fruits can be an important component of food consumption, due to their beneficial properties, related to the content in nutritional principles. The study tries to present the situation of consumers in Romania, based on fruit consumption in the context of existing realities worldwide and at European Union level, for the period 2017-2019. The total recorded fruit consumption is characterized by an average of 3,255.33 thousand t, and the consumption per inhabitant was, on average, 102.12 kg. Worldwide, Romania accounted for an average of 0.45% of total fruit consumption, with about 4.70% of the Community consumption. Regarding the consumption per capita, compared to the situation for world and community, Romania exceeded the level for total consumption of fruit by +15.0 and 31.61%, respectively. There is a preponderance of consumption of grapes, other fruits and apples (about 86%). It can be appreciated that it is necessary to revive the fruit sector and the processing industry, as prerequisites for increasing fruit consumption in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a total remaining area of approximately five thousand hectares, after the existence of approximately 6900 ha with cherries was shown in 2013, Romania continues to be a country with relatively good productivity in terms of obtaining cherries. The cherry tree germplasm fund is part of the plant biodiversity that has developed over time in nature in a spontaneous and controlled way and that is the basis for the permanent improvement of cultivated varieties. The activity of collecting and preserving biological material in organized collections has a long tradition. The importance of this biological material is substantial, especially when we talk about the interaction of these genotypes with quarantine viruses, especially Plum pox virus, considered the most devastating. The pollination scheme used under SCDP Baneasa Bucharest conditions included one pollinating variety, Boambe de Cotnari, and four controlled pollinated varieties, Daria, Izverna, Superb and Severin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cherry crop is one of the most important horticultural crops both nationally and internationally. In terms of production, Romania is in the top ten countries worldwide, more precisely it ranks ninth, with a production of 682.010 tons recorded in the last ten years. At Fruit Research and Development Station Bistrita, 12 varieties with different ripening periods were monitored during the last three years (2018-2020). Objective of the research was to assess the phenological response to climate change and the behavior of some Romanian and foreign bred sweet cherry cultivars. Observations were made throughout the year for each phenophase. Following the data obtained, the number of days assigned to each phenophase was determined, for each year studied (2018-2020). Results reveals that the instability of climatic factors directly influenced the vegetation period of the cherry crop. Data showed that in the inflorescence emergence and flowering period due to climate change events there is a possible risk for late frost events. Phenology datasets in relationship with weather data modelling are bioindicators for climate change events and are key elements in fruit crop technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper aims to draw attention to the need, importance and efficiency of obtaining high quality fruits both in terms of taste and food, by cultivating them in the classic system in households and agritouristic farms. It was also considered very important to promote this traditional way of producing fruit, applying environmentally friendly natural and built cultivation technology, as the effects of climate change are increasingly felt, even if some important states of the world no longer recognize this. We support this mode of cultivation even if it is known that the productions obtained in intensive and super-intensive cultivation system are much higher, but from the research carried out in over 25 years of activity in the field of agrotourism we found that the production obtained in agrotourism capitalized on a higher price, by selling "directly from the farm" as organic products or by serving tourists as fresh fruit or as culinary preparations in a local cuisine specific to the area, households or agritouristic farms. Fruits obtained in this type of crop are generally much tastier and must not contain any chemical residues, as the amount of inputs such as pesticides, insecticides and herbicides applied to crops is much lower or even absent, pensioners must to be very responsible, as they have the obligation to ensure the health and food safety of the guests who visit the tourist reception structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to identify valuable rosehip genotypes in the southern part of Oltenia region, Romania. Selected genotypes were studied in terms of fruit morphological characteristics such as fruit height, fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit shape index and fruit volume. The height of the fruits varied between 11.35-32.14 mm, the diameter between 9.12-18.04 mm, the weight between 0.63-4.81 g, the fruit shape index between 0.92-2.25, the volume of 100 fruits between 130.00 cm3 and 361.54 cm3. The coefficient of variation in terms of fruit height varied between 6.41% and 18.99%, fruit diameter between 4.93% and 8.94%, fruit weight between 11.46% and 28.04%, fruit shape index between 5.51-14.37% and fruit volume was 31.49%. Knowledge of fruit morphological characteristics is important for the selection of biotypes that can be furthered used successfully in breeding programs but also in food and medicine industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fig (Ficus carica L.) is a Mediterranean fruit specie that have been introduced from centuries in our country by Greeks, Romans, Ottomans and probably, Armenians colonists. Even it is a thermophile plant, fig trees are spread all around the country, several genotypes being found. Recently, a certain interest on fig cultivation raised, and there is a request of valuable cultivars and respectively, planting material. At the Faculty of Horticulture in Bucureti, an important collection of fig genotypes found in Romania and introduced from Italy and Iraq, was started in 2015 and since then their evaluation is in process. The present paper presents the selection process of 25 fig genotypes, with interesting pomological characteristics, fruits measurements being performed in accordance with IPGRI descriptors. Fruit biochemical analyses on soluble solids, glucose and fructose were realized. The results showed that some of local and foreign genotypes produced no fruits or had very small fruits. All the analyzed parameters were influenced by the genotype. The plants that produced good results concerning fruit quality, size, taste and cracking resistance, will be further studied in order to observe their productivity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of dill fruits (Anethum graveolens L.) originating in Bulgaria, France and Romania was determined. The composition of the lipid fraction and its fatty acid composition are determined. The fruits of France are the richest of essential oil (5.0%). The amount of protein ranges from 19.6 to 20.2% for fruits of different origins. The mineral composition was identified; the highest was calcium content (0.8-0.9%) of macroelements, and - iron (94.3 - 102.2 mg/kg) of microelements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fruit-vegetable sector is of major importance in Europe's economy, but is under-exploited, representing only 18% of total agricultural production. Although the beneficial effects of consuming vegetables and fruits are permanently promoted, it is still below the WHO recommended level of 400 grams daily for one person. In Romania things are no different, even if there is an extraordinary potential and a vast supply of fresh vegetables and fruits. On the one hand, the consumer is overwhelmed by the high purchase prices, on the other hand the producers have given up investing to create a competitive market to European standards, discouraged by the massive imports. To create a clearer picture of this sector, in this paper we set out to study the surfaces and productions of vegetables and fruits, the import and export and consumption of these products, in Romania compared to other countries of the European Union between 2007 and 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian fruit market has a high growth potential but, to a great degree, after 1989 it has registered a reverse phenomenon. The fruit estate, consisting of orchards and nurseries, totaled in the 80s around 290.000 ha, representing 2% of the agricultural area of the country. Nowadays, the fruit heritage is a lot diminished. In 2010, Romania had 196,000 hectares of orchards, these surfaces decreasing by 2016 when they totaled 138,000 hectares, representing 1% of the agricultural area of the country. For the recovery of this sector, it is necessary to renew the fruit plantations. Also, the range of fruit products needs to be diversified so that Romania can enter the European markets. In addition, Romanian producers should be encouraged by introducing tax exemptions and by granting new types of subsidies. In this way, Romania will be able to become competitive on the European and global market. The studies carried out on Research and Development Station for Fruit Growing (RDSFG) Iasi show how using high performance hybrids, as well as widening the range of products and maintaining a distribution process with no intermediaries have helped the company preserving a significant market share and increasing its turnover in the last years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese jujube is a new fruit specie for Europe with a high potential to be planted on arid and semiarid areas on marginal, poor and even salty soils. Being a multimillennial fruit crop in China, jujube has a high importance in the Chinese diet due to its complex nutraceutical properties. Nearly 1000 varieties and local genotypes are cultivated in China on over 2 million hectares on low input production systems. Even if it was introduced in Dobrogea region, some 2,000 years ago by the Greek and Roman colonists, jujube plants and fruits are nearly unknown, as it happens in other countries from the Mediterranean basin. The first cultivated varieties were introduced at the Faculty of Horticulture in Bucharest from Shanxi Province, China within a common research project in 1997. During more than twenty years, a complex research program has been carried out. The first task was to determine the adaptation of the most important jujube genotypes at the local growing conditions. A second topic was to establish the best propagation method by using seedling production for rootstocks, grafting techniques and in vitro propagation. Other researches on jujube phenology, fruit biochemical composition, fruit storage and consumer preferences have been realized. The local jujube genotypes from Ostrov and Jurilovca have been studied and described. The paper presents a synthesis of the most important results achieved during two decades of jujube research and the opportunity to extend the cultivation of jujube in Romania as a new "super fruit". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researches were carried at the Frasinu Society in Buzău County, located on the outskirts of Buzău. The orchard was established in the spring of 2010, with the 'Caroa de Rei', 'Sharon', 'Ogosho' and 'Rojo Brillante' varieties, of nine years old. The trees were planted at a distance of 4 x 4 m. Four variants (represented by the variety), cultivated in 4 repetitions, were studied. Observations on the fruits were made from 2014 until 2018. Determinations were made on the average fruit weight, the height of the fruit and the diameter of the fruit and the shape index was calculated. From the chemical point of view, determinations have been made regarding the content in soluble solids determined by refractometry. The largest fruits were obtained in the 'Sharon' variety (190 g on average), followed by the 'Rojo Brillante' (180 g) and 'Ogosho' (174 g). The fruits of the 'Caroa de Rei' variety recorded a shape index of 1.14, and the 'Ogosho' variety had the lowest value of the shape index (0.64), the fruits being of the flattened form. The kaki fruit is sweet, due to its high content in soluble solids. The varieties studied had values higher than 10%, the sweetest variety being 'Caroa de Rei' (17.12%). Considering the quality of the fruits and the behavior of the trees during the experiments we consider that this species can be cultivated successfully in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we conducted a noncarcinogenic risk assessment of consuming vegetables and fruits grown in two old mining areas from the Banat area of Southern Carpathians (Romania), Moldova Veche (M) and Rusca Montana (R) and in a nonpolluted reference area located near the village of Borlova (Ref). Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb in soils and commonly eaten vegetables and fruits were measured and used for calculating the weighted estimated daily intake of metals (WEDIM), the target hazard quotients (THQ) and the total target hazard quotients (TTHQ) for normal daily consumption in adults. Levels of certain metals in soils and plants from the R area (Pb) and the M area (Cu) were higher than those measured in the Ref area-and often exceeded normal or even alert-threshold levels. TTHQs for the R area (1.60; 6.03) and the M area (1.11; 2.54) were above one for leafy vegetables and root vegetables, respectively, suggesting a major risk of adverse health effects for diets, including these vegetal foodstuffs. Moreover, THQ and TTHQ indicated a higher population health risk for the R area than for the M area, with the Ref area being a safe zone.