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Sheep milk has a high nutritional value and is an important source of fatty acids, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, etc., which contribute to the body's health. In addition to the use of raw milk, the main use of sheep's milk is the production of traditional cheeses obtained by small farmers or regional cheese producers. However, the quality of the obtained cheeses depends on the raw material, namely milk, which has to be free of pathogenic microorganisms. This study aims to highlight the importance of the quality of raw milk to obtain high-quality cheeses. Milk and telemea cheese samples were collected from Țurcană sheep breed farmed in Vințe farm, Cluj county, Romania. The physicochemical analyses were performed for both milk and cheese. The physicochemical analysis results for milk were: crude fat 8.98±0.18%, crude protein 5.08±0.16%, density 1.0345±0.01 g cm-3, acidity 17.2±0.97%. For the cheese, the results were: water 45.2±0.74%, dry matter (DM) 54.8±0.74%, crude fat 51.93±2.05% reported to DM, salt 5.63±0.31% and acidity 272.6±11.82%. The pleasant taste of cheese is due to the quality of the raw milk and the brine used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer preferences regarding the various species of fish or aquatic organisms are highly variable. The criteria by which they orient are represented by: the price, organoleptic characteristics, healing and nutritional properties of meat. Today it is known that a high consumption of fish meat has a beneficial role in human health. Moreover, statistics indicates a high level of life expectancy in countries with tradition in terms of fish consumption, e.g. North- European and Asian countries. Statistics shows a high consumption of ocean fish and different species of salmonid family. The culture and intensive fish farming represents an alternative to the requirements of the fish market. The salmonids farmers focus their efforts to obtain high yields of high quality, in conditions of maximum economic efficiency. In Romania, the predominant specie encountered in salmonis farms is rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). It is successfully reared because of its plasticity and resistance to changes in environmental conditions and disease, and efficient feed-conversion. For restocking mountain water with biological material, some trout farms operate successfully brown trout (Salmo trutta fario), a less effective specie for meat production, due to slow growth and development and low resistance to changing environmental factors. Profitability of fish production depends on the propagation processes, fish growth and developments, and supplying optimal environmental conditions for enhancement of the biological potential. The artificial reproduction of salmonids, involves several technological operations for achieving outstanding results on fisheries production. Of these operations, critical is the selection and improvement of breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations were done on 7 alive samples in agonic or death stage, taken from an extensive exploitation pond, in north-east Transylvanian zone, with an water surface of 0,2 ha and a total fish quantity of about 200 kg, second summer carp of an average weight of 300 g/individual. As a result of clinical, bacterioscopy and bacteriology and also necropsy laboratory exam it were put in evidence some aspects. So, clinical exam has revealed, by the presence of integument hemorrhagic ulcerous lesions, also the presence of some crustacaee ectoparasites, Argulus foliaceus species, which have made easier the disease spreading in whole effective. Necropsy exam puts in evidence, anatomyclinic, the presence of integument hemorrhagic lesions under a point or diffuse form, but also ulcers and muscle - cutaneous necrosis. As a following of bacterioscopy exam of smears done from pathologic material taken in cutaneous lesions and colored by Gram method it was ascertained the presence of a bacterial polymorph flora, of bacillus and cocobacillus type, Gram negative. Bacteriologic exam (cultural), realized on ordinary culture mediums (sauce, water) and selective mediums (agar with blood) isolates in pure culture germs from Aeromonas kind, basis on morphological and cultural characters, which are framed in Aeromonas genus patterns described by speciality literature. As a following of biochemical characters exam, with the help of multitest API20E system it was established that Aeromonas spp. strains isolated, belong to hydrophila group 1 species, species which is responsible of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia performing in carp. By testing the sensitiveness to antibodies and chemiotherapy in strains which have been found as diagnosis (diffusiometric method of antibiogram), it was ascertained that group 1 Aeromonas hydrophila strains, isolated from disease pesthole, were in decreasing order sensitive to : Eurofloxocin, Florfenicol (Floron) and Oxitetracycline and resistant to Ampiciline, Amoxicilin, Eritromicin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical and paraclinical investigations (morpho-pathologic, bacterioscopic, bacteriologic and sensitiveness test to antibodies) done on 20 fish (rainbow trout), dead or in agony state, taken from a furunculosis pesthole in Salmonidae and proceeded from an intensive exploitation unit of trout, in Cluj county, put in evidence the following aspects :To clinical exam, in breeding basins, it appears individuals (5 %) which have presented locomotor troubles, listless and untidy swimming in water surface, lateral swimming anorexia, and on tegument it is observed diffuse hemorrhagic zones, lost of fish scale and necrosis of fins. It appears also secondary infections with fungi of Saprolegnia genus under the form of a white- dirty, downy film. From the 20 trut corpses were isolated 2 bacterial strains, from anterior kidney and from raclage in fin basis, with congestive lesions. Bacteria isolated are developing only after an incubation at 20 - 25° C and does not grow up to 37° C, and to microscopic exam directly from sauce, the mobility is absent Classic biochemical tests put in evidence the following positive biochemic properties: cataloze, oxidaze, indolal and the presence of hemolytic activity. Biochemical properties testing on API20E gallery also puts in evidence properties as : positive gelatinousis and sucraze fermentation. Based on bacterial strains development isolated only to 20 - 25 °C and the above mentioned biochemic properties, respectively the absence of pigment, bacterial strains isolated are appointed in Aeromonas genus, Aeromonas salmonicida species, achromogenes subspecies. By sensitiveness test in different medicine substances, using antibiogram technique, bacterial strains isolated from pesthole are sensitive in a decreasing order to: nalidixic acid, oxitetracycline, florfenicol and eurofloxacin and resistant to ampicyline, amoxiclav and colistin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety and hygienic quality of milk is conditioned by animal health and hygiene of operated shelters, milking hygiene, staff, storage and cooling of milk immediately after milking, transport to the collection centers, processing and recovery units, and compliance with cold chain distribution network and marketing of milk (Miresan Vioara et al., 2009). All these are important links in quality management and milk as raw material milk products from producer to consumer. The food markets of Campia Turzii and Turda are small producers who sell milk from villages surrounding these cities. Milk samples were taken from seven sources of supply to different markets traders, which were performed on the physical-chemical milk fat content, protein, but the somatic cell count and total bacterial count. The results obtained on these quality parameters show that milk from these producers is within quality standards, but with the necessity to improve hygiene conditions at harvest and storage of milk sold in food markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Rainbow trout is one of the main freshwater fish species farmed in Romania, in a temperate continental climate. Blood biochemistry parameter values are well known for humans and other higher vertebrates, including some species of fish, and are fundamental for the assessment of physiological status. In this study, we examined the physicochemical parameters of water quality and the blood profile (hematological and hormonal profiles, antioxidant enzyme activities) of rainbow trout females reared in three farms, during the summer season, to monitor stress. These findings permit the progress of knowledge of blood parameters in fish and will encourage efforts to expand hematological and biochemical studies to assess the health of salmonids, which is essential for the sustainable development of aquaculture. Blood biochemistry parameters are valuable tools for monitoring fish health. Their baseline values are still undefined for a multitude of farmed fish species. In this study, changes in the blood profile of rainbow trout females (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from three farms were investigated using different biomarkers during the summer season. In the given context, the main water physicochemical parameters were investigated and twelve biochemical parameters were measured from blood samples of rainbow trout reared in the Fiad, Șoimul de Jos, and Strâmba farms. We selected these farms because the genetic background of the rainbow trout is the same, with all studied specimens coming from the Fiad farm, which has an incubation station. Forty-five samples were collected monthly (May to August) throughout summer to observe the changes in the blood profile of rainbow trout. Principal component analysis showed a clear separation both among the studied farms and months. Furthermore, significant correlations (p < 0.05) between the majority of the biochemical parameters were found, indicating that the environmental parameters can influence several blood parameters at the same time. The present study provides several useful norms for assessing the welfare of rainbow trout, indicating that the relationships among different parameters are important factors in interpreting the blood biochemical profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decades buffalo milk has attracted growing interest in most countries, especially due to its nutrition characteristics. In Romania, buffalo milk and milk products are mainly considered local and traditional resources, and play an important role in enhancing livestock biodiversity. Currently, the overall availability of milk from all dairy animal species, as well as the possibility of obtaining new products must be analysed. Buffalo milk composition is influenced by season. Milk fat level in autumn is 7.95%, and in the summer it is 7.29%. The highest mean values for the cheese were recorded in the spring season, with a fat and protein content of 41.02% and 21.34%, respectively. In autumn, the fat content is at 36.92%, and protein is at 19.81% . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study tracked seasonal variations as an influence on the main milk components (fat and protein) and quality parameters in terms of content in somatic cells (SCC) and total bacterial count (NTG). The biological material studied was represented by 20 head of dairy cows Romanian spotted breed from which milk samples were collected in four seasons of the year. The results obtained shown differences in the studied parameters according to the season, differences that are due to different diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the milk production performances of the Romanian dairy breed of buffaloes from three important areas of Sălaj county from north-western Romania. This county has oneof the valuable buffalo herds from Romania. Comparative analysis in the direction of the maincharacteristics of buffalo milk production were conducted on a herd of 65 buffaloes exploited in extensivetraditional conditions. In terms of milk production total lactation it ranks highest value in lactation VIIIi.e. 1679.92 kg in area I, 1675.79 kg in lactation VI in area II, respectivelly 1442.53 kg in lactation VI inarea III. Differences are less than 1% from normal lactation, with small variations from one lactation toanother. These small differences between buffaloes and lactations emphasizes the use of buffaloes forother destinations (traction). The calving interval in buffaloes in this study presents the highest valuesi.e. 485.26 days in lactation VI, area I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]