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The paper analyses the areas cultivated with pear trees in the EU and the productions obtained in 2019. It is noted that Italy placed first in both categories, and Romania was on the 9th place, with 3.08 thousand ha and a production of 46.16 thousand tons, according to Eurostat. At the country level, Macroregion One recorded the highest number of pear trees, 994,193 of the total number of pear trees, and in terms of production, 29% was harvested in Macroregion Three. In 2019, in Romania, 100 kg of pears were sold for 116.64 Euro, a higher price compared to that of the large pear-producing states. Also, the study presents some specific research concerning the management of natural resources for pear trees, land, and orchards in Expert System-CROM which quantifies through points of creditworthiness and penalty the climatic resources, the soil and infrastructure resources, the production, and the quality of the fruits. Following the application of the Expert System-CROM, the pear lands and the orchards received 32-100 addition points and were included into three categories: without natural restrictions, with natural restrictions and excluded for the pear trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is one of the most damaging diseases of pear in the world. In Cluj-Napoca area, situated in central Transylvania. Romania, fire blight was observed first in 1994, very late comparative with the other countries from occidental Europe. The response of the pear cultivars and species from National Pear Collection from Cluj-Napoca to fire blight attack, assessed in natural conditions of infection, range on a large scale of variability, which denotes a strong influence of the genotype in expression of resistance or sensitivity to disease. From all genotypes, about 20.5% have not presented symptoms of attack, among them being the following: 'Blanquet precoce'. 'Klementinka', 'Severianka', 'Beurré Bachelier', 'Kieffer Seedling'. 'Er Shi Shinge', 'Beurré Amanlis', 'Bristol Cross'. 'Beurré Liegel', 'Beurré Lacon', 'Grand Champion'. 'Magness', 'Mericourt' etc. and several ancient autochthonous cultivars ('Pere malaiere', 'De zahar de Bihor', 'Cu miez rosu' 'Clopotele', 'Garoafa mare', 'Craiese', 'Para de apa'). Also, there were identified several species of Pyrus with no attack, as P. pollveria, P. common pear, P. lindlezi, P. malifolia, P. persica, P. ussuriensis, P. variolosa. The remarked genotypes could be potential sources for further breeding programmes and increase the number of genotypes available for breeding new pear cultivars resistant to Erwinia attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on arvena, a new pear cultivar obtained at Fruit Research Station in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. A brief overview of the history of pear breeding at the research center. The new peer cultivar enhances the international germplasm repository, representing useful genetic resources, that can be used for future peer breeding programs.