Romanian pensioners are among the poorest in the European Union, making them a vulnerable group in terms of health and well-being. Social capital could act as a buffer and protect old people from health inequalities. Although the percentage of old persons has increased in Romania, little is known about their social capital, namely their social networks, their engagement in the community, their perceptions of residential areas and norms of trust and reciprocity. The present study set out to explore the structure and meanings of social capital in Romanian old people, namely the structural, cognitive and behavioural aspects of social capital in old Romanians, as well as the linking, bonding and bridging dimensions of social capital. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 men and 6 women, aged 60 to 69. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. All in all, Romanian pensioners display a lack of linking and bridging social capital. The most important social structure is the family, which provides both emotional and financial support. Norms of trust and reciprocity function only within the family but not the community. One of the main themes was lack of trust in the community and state institutions and reluctance to engage in community affairs as this is perceived to be the role of younger people. Rural areas are perceived as friendlier and more trustworthy and seen as an ideal residential area. Starting from these findings, interventions can be designed to increase linking, bridging and bonding social capital in old persons and create age-friendly environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]