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To compensate for the shortcomings of the formal institutional system, an informal order for minority representation was developed in Romania during the 1970s. This paper aims to characterize this model of informal representation, detailing its components and operations, such as informal norms of public engagement, networks and networking, communication between leaders and members, and decisionmaking processes. Since the research focuses on informal representation rather than the functioning of a formal institution, the analysis centers on individuals, their opinions, everyday activities, and attitudes expressed in critical situations. The primary source for this study is the Securitate files of Géza Domokos (1928-2007), a pivotal figure in Hungarian cultural life and minority interest representation during the latter part of the Ceauşescu era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of Information Technology knowledge of Hungarian and Romanian students was made with the help of a self developed web based Informatics Test. The goal of this research is an analysis of the Computer Science knowledge level of Hungarian and Romanian students attending a Science course or a Mathematics-Informatics course. Analysed was how effectively can students from different grades answer questions dealing with different subjects. After having evaluated the test results correctness of the original presumption emerged. Significance level was 5% through the analysis. It was found significant divergence in knowledge of Hungarian students and Romanian students attending a science course (Profil Real) and a Mathematics-Informatics course. Romanian students attending a science course and a Mathematics-Informatics course scored higher in programming than their Hungarian counterparts specialized in Informatics in the 11th grade. After the calculating values of the partial correlation we have got same results by subjects too. After the evaluation a final conclusion can be made: Romanian students of the Real Profile have the same or more practice in programming than Hungarian students specialized in Informatics, though the atters have the same or higher Computer Science knowledge level. Unfortunately, Hungarian teachers concentrate on word processing and spreadsheet calculation and teach programming just for the students specialized in Informatics, although algorithm thinking would be important for every student before finishing secondary school. (Contain 16 tables.)

The illegal burning of solid waste in residential stoves is an existing practice, but until now it has been completely disregarded as an emission source of atmospheric pollutants in many developed countries, including those in eastern Europe. Various types of solid waste (plastics, treated wood, plyboards, tyre, rag) serve as an auxiliary fuel in many households, in particular during the heating season. In this work, for the first time ever in atmospheric pollution studies, specific tracer compounds identified previously in controlled test burnings of different waste types in the laboratory were detected and quantified in ambient PM10 samples collected in five Hungarian and four Romanian settlements. Using the identified tracers and their experimentally determined relative emission factors, the potential contribution of illegal waste burning emissions to ambient PM10 mass concentrations was assessed. Our findings implied that the burning of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-containing waste (food and beverage packaging, clothes) was predominant at all the locations, especially in north-eastern Hungary and Romania. There is substantial evidence that the burning of scrap furniture is also common in big cities in Hungary and Romania. Back-of-the-envelope calculations based on the relative emission factors of individual tracers suggested that the contribution of solid waste burning particulate emissions to ambient PM10 mass concentrations may be as high as a few percent. This finding, when considering the extreme health hazards associated with particulate emissions from waste burning, is a matter of serious public health concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors that negatively influence the state of the populations of the white-tailed sea-eagle in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve and in the surrounding areas are both natural and anthropogenic. Between 2009 and 2018, an intensive study of those limiting factors was conducted. During those ten years, we registered 166 nests in the area, out of which 73 had been destroyed or deserted. The reasons were natural factors related to inclement weather in 73.97 % of the cases and anthropogenic factors in the remaining 26.03 %. Six limiting anthropogenic factors were identified: disturbance caused by fishermen and tourists (16.44 %), forestry works (4.11 %), illegal cutting of the tree supporting the nest (1.37 %), construction of a fishing hut near the nest (1.37 %), fires (1.37 %) and agricultural works and human presence (1.37 %). We present also the results of a spatial analysis aimed at disentangling how human settlements affect the distribution of the nests and how unpredictable settings of different kinds of temporary settlements can affect the viability of the nests. Different conservation actions are discussed with the objective of reducing the negative impact of the anthropogenic factors detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a contribution to the hitherto scant literature on learning a historical minority language and on language ideologies in the context of a study abroad program in Hungary, Debrecen. I analyse the language ideologies of the decision makers in Hungary and in the Debrecen Summer School in relation to the teaching of Hungarian to the neighboring peoples. Drawing on interactional data of participants from Romania, the perspective of learning Hungarian as a historical minority language is examined. The present article combines a historical approach with language ideologies by focusing on an institution offering language education. Language ideologies are presented as they appear in the larger historical discourses, contemporary documents, and media interviews. I briefly outline the major turning points in the history of the institution which also reflects the changing language ideologies and cultural politics of Hungary. The qualitative discourse analysis of interviews and the conclusion of this ethnographic study demonstrate that language ideological positions in relation to the teaching and learning of Hungarian have been firmly located in historical and cultural contexts. Discourse analysis of various data demonstrates that, on the one hand, the course providers have espoused competing ideologies of who the learners should be as well as how to present the country and the culture, while, on the other hand, showing that the learners have had to negotiate prejudice and stereotype rooted in discourses about the often burdened history.

The results obtained in our research of mental distress indicators and results of conflict management strategies are consistent with the results of international studies. Students participating in the study (N = 237) reached the highest average results in the field of personal growth, while we measured the lowest value in the fields of autonomy and the dominance of the environment. Among the mental distress indicators the students gave the highest scores for the stress. The frequency examination showed the results of the participants to fall to 40.9% of moderate-severe and severe extreme range. While among the genders, women indicate much higher stress levels. In addition, the students preferred the avoiding conflict management strategy in preference to the other four strategies. While we compared the students from the two countries we found a significant difference between the survey field of autonomy and purpose in life. We also found a notable difference among the mental distress indicators. While the students of the University of Debrecen were moderate, the students of the universities of Oradea fell in the "slight" area (in the range of stress). For the usage of conflict management strategies we found no significant differences between the two countries' students. The students from both countries preferred the avoiding strategy. This study similar to many national and international studies indicates the high level of stress among the students. One of the most important task of a higher education institution should be the protection of the students' mental health which would lead to an improvement on well-being and that would cause the lowering of the stress level.

The illegal burning of solid wastes in residential stoves is an existing practice yet until now it has been completely disregarded as an emission source of atmospheric pollutants in many developed countries including those in Eastern Europe. Various types of solid wastes (plastics, treated wood, plyboards, tyre, rag, etc.) serve as an auxiliary fuel in many households, in particular during the heating season. In this work, for the first time ever in atmospheric pollution studies, specific tracer compounds identified previously in controlled test burnings of different waste types in the laboratory were detected and quantified in ambient PM10 samples collected in 5 Hungarian and 4 Romanian settlements. Using the identified tracers and their experimentally determined relative emission factors the potential contribution of illegal waste burning emissions to ambient PM10 mass concentrations was assessed. Our findings implied that the burning of PET-containing waste (food and beverage packaging, clothes) was predominant at all locations, especially in North-Eastern Hungary and Romania. There is substantial evidence that the burning of scrap furniture is also common in big cities in Hungary and Romania. Back-of-the-envelope calculations based on the relative emission factors of individual tracers suggested that the contribution of solid waste burning particulate emissions to ambient PM10 mass concentrations may be as high as a few percents. This finding, when considering the extreme health hazards associated with particulate emissions from waste burning, is a matter of serious public health concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluvial terrace formation is a complex process governed by the interplay of climatic and tectonic forcings. From a climatic perspective, an incision is usually related to climatic transitions, while valley aggradation is attributed to glacial periods. We have reconstructed the formation of Late Pleistocene fluvial terraces along the middle, mountainous section of a temperate zone river (Mureş/Maros) in order to identify the roles of different climatic periods and potential vertical displacement in terrace development. Investigations were based on two profiles representing two different terrace levels. The profiles were subjected to sedimentological and detailed geochronological analyses using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). The results indicated that the investigated terraces represent different incision events coinciding with climatic transition periods. However, a joint MIS 3 valley aggradation period can be identified at both of them. Thus, the relatively mild but highly variable climate of the MIS 3 facilitated sediment mobilization from upland catchments. On the other hand, there is no evidence of aggradation under the cold and stable climate of MIS 2. However, the tectonic setting favours incision at the site. Based on our results, we concluded that the timing of the main events was controlled primarily by climatic forcing. The terrace formation model recognised might also be applied at other rivers in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the dynamic interaction between global policy and knowledge flows and two post-communist education systems--Hungary and Romania--with special attention to the appropriation of post-bureaucratic regulation tools and the structural changes enhanced by the knowledge transmitted by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey. First, through the lens of the socio-history of educational assessments, the varieties of state socialist education systems are detailed in order to contextualise the subsequent discussion about the entry of the two countries into the PISA survey and the national institutional changes generated by PISA. After the thematic comparison of the country case studies, the article concludes that the two cases do not allow the conceptualisation of a single post-socialist model of PISA reception, but, on the contrary, the international comparative framework of PISA offers an opportunity to critically interrogate the complex processes of convergence and divergence in the study of globalisation, and to elaborate a differentiated perspective on post-socialist education systems and governance strategies. (Contains 14 notes.) ["The Hard Work of Interpretation: The National Politics of PISA Reception in Hungary and Romania" was written with Ivan Bajomi, Eszter Berenyi, Zoltan A. Biro and Julia Vida.]

This article discusses the problems related to the teaching of the state language, Rumanian, in the context of the Hungarian minority population in Szekler Land, Rumania, and the language ideologies connected to Rumanian on the basis of empirical research. On the one hand, it is argued that at present the methodology of state language teaching in Hungarian minority schools in Szekler Land disregards the linguistic needs of the minority Hungarian population and functions as an obstacle to developing Hungarian-Rumanian bilingualism for the Hungarian population due to the absence of context specific school curricula, textbooks and examination criteria that disadvantage students in learning the state language, Rumanian, in a Hungarian majority linguistic environment. On the other hand, the present article briefly presents the language ideologies of the Hungarian minority population in Szekler Land related to the state language. Data collection included the analysis of official documents on Rumania's minority language policy, the exploitation of the language policy view of academics and the empirical research conducted through the means of semi-structured interviews. The research presented in this article is part of the international LINEE ("Languages in a Network of European Excellence") Project, work package number 9, called ("Inter") regional Case Studies of Multilingual Education, which set out to survey and analyze educational practices in multilingual settings in four regions: Bolzano/Bozen (Italy), Vojvodina (Serbia), Transylvania (Romania) and "Felvidek" (Slovakia). Data sources included 95 digitally recorded semi-structured interviews with NGO representatives, school principals, language teachers and students from the Hungarian-populated regions of Transylvania and analysis of official documents on minority education. The minority secondary schools investigated are located in two bilingual counties of Szekler Land and have the minority language as the language of instruction either partly or entirely. Based on the findings, my assessment is that bilingual education in Szekler Land does not contribute to the achievement of Hungarian-Rumanian bilingual competence of minority individuals due to unsuccessfully designed and badly implemented state language teaching methodologies.

This article considers steps taken to combat trafficking in children in Hungary and Romania in the context of two new realities: a) ongoing conflict in Ukraine and b) the rise of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a tool of traffickers. Briefly outlining the global context of trafficking in persons, the article then looks at trafficking in children within Hungary and Romania and recent actions taken by Hungarian and Romanian authorities to strengthen their response to this crime. Acknowledging that positive steps have been taken, the article concludes that there is still more to be done to decrease children's vulnerability to trafficking and to ensure that child trafficking is effectively investigated and prosecuted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes why and how anti-corruption has become a quasi-hegemonic metanarrative and identity marker of urban middle classes in Romania, and argues that it is part of a complex identity discourse that is in essence populist. It pits "the People" against the elites, it displays an exclusionary character, and the hostility toward elected institutions is also present. While scholarly accounts rarely associate Romanian anti-corruption discourse with populism (because of its putative "progressivism"), we argue that it should be regarded as a prominent example of a new form of populism emerging on the semi-peripheries of the Western core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The White-tailed Lapwing - Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein, 1823), a very rare Asian erratic species for Romania, appeared in the country with an invasive character in 2000, forming several diffuse nesting colonies along the Dobrogea coasts. In 2001, several pairs nested in the Vadu/Constanța area. The phenomenon was considered a territorial expansion by pulsations, but for two decades it did not stabilize, as specimens were only seen passing by. At the level of 2021, a summary was made of the observations in Dobrogea and a literature review of the publications dedicated to the species at the level of Romania was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the written historical sources, the Gepids were a Germanic tribe that settled in the Carpathian Basin during the Migration Period. They were allies of the Huns, and an independent Gepid Kingdom arose after the collapse of the Hun Empire. In this period, the Carpathian Basin was characterized by so-called row-grave cemeteries. Due to the scarcity of historical and archaeological data, we have a poor knowledge of the origin and composition of these barbarian populations, and this is still a subject of debate. To better understand the genetic legacy of migration period societies, we obtained 46 full mitogenome sequences from three Gepid cemeteries located in Transylvania, Romania. The studied samples represent the Classical Gepidic period and illustrate the genetic make-up of this group from the late 5th and early 6th centuries AD, which is characterized by cultural markers associated with the Gepid culture in Transylvania. The genetic structure of the Gepid people is explored for the first time, providing new insights into the genetic makeup of this archaic group. The retrieved genetic data showed mainly the presence of Northwestern European mitochondrial ancient lineages in the Gepid group and all population genetic analyses reiterated the same genetic structure, showing that early ancient mitogenomes from Europe were the major contributors to the Gepid maternal genetic pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Biosphere Reserve of the Danube Delta - Romania, in the period 2003-2006, a series of Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia L„ 1758) markings took place in the north of the Razim lake, in the only colony in the reserve where these birds nest at ground level. 219 nestlings were marked with metallic and coloured plastic rings. The findings were reported in three articles in 2007 and 2019. This note analyses only the unusual route followed by the bird marked with SL-SL. This spoonbill did not follow the classic Via Pontica path traditionally used by south-eastern spoonbill population. Instead, it turned west, crossing the Central European spoonbill route, Via Adriatica. It then joined the flocks of spoonbills on the Atlantic coasts, following their migration routes and settling in Western Europe. This behaviour agrees with the theory that Eurasian Spoonbills do not form two or three distinct and rigidly delimited populations, but partially overlap and mix, outlining the theory of a non-homogeneous pan-European metapopulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study highlights the role of the Bistreț Lake located within the Danube Floodplain (southwestern Romania) as an important wetland for Pelecanus onocrotalus, as well as for many other species of aquatic birds. Based on personal observations and specialized literature, we try to contribute to the knowledge of the territorial dynamics of the common pelicans and of the dynamics of the flocks that stop on Bistreț Lake for feeding. In 2020, juvenile specimens of P. onocrotalus appear in large numbers, along with adult specimens. The large number of young specimens (who should have been in their wintering places) and the unusual coloration of some specimens may suggest certain changes in the behaviour and phenology of West Palearctic pelicans, or even the hypothesis, yet undocumented, that among the pelicans present on the Bistreț Lake there might have been present specimens belonging to the African taxon P. o. roseus. Although the explanation regarding the origin of these young pelicans and the mechanism of their occurrence in large numbers can only be drawn up after complex international studies (genetic research, massive ringing, satellite tracking, etc.), it is certain that, for feeding and, implicitly, for the sustainable conservation of this species, the Bistreț Lake is among the wetlands of major importance for the Lower Danube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research explores the perception of teachers in Romania on the implications of the transition to online education. 143 teachers participated in the research, all of them involved in continuing education activities. From the results, we can highlight the fact that as we approach pre-school and primary level in regular education, online teaching is perceived as much more difficult. The same happens in special education, where efficiency is considered low in the online environment. Almost 80% of teachers consider that online education is below the efficiency of on-site education. Teachers consider that they are better prepared than the institutions where they work or than their students for online activities. 40% of teachers consider that they are well enough prepared and no longer need training, most of them investing in their training. Almost half of the teachers believe that some activities could remain online even after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic and they believe that the general responsibility for improving the situation lies with the Ministry of Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present paper was to analyze the measurements of the Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra) eggs in order to evaluate if the local conditions, presented here, differ in some way from older data found in references dating to 1955 in Romania. The data were collected from the Eurasian Coot nests identified (N=8) at Câmpenești fishponds, located in North-Western Romania, in May 2018. The clutch size was 7.5 ±1.6, ranging from 5 to 10 eggs. The mean egg length was 50.81 mm, and the mean egg breadth was 34.5 mm with higher variability in case of the first measurement. The mean egg volume was 31.3 cm3 which is much smaller than reported in the Romanian references (36.13 cm3). Regarding intraclutch variance, we found that some clutches manifest a higher length, breadth and volume variance than others which can be a result of the intraspecific nest parasitism or environmental variances. The results brought some extensions of egg length and egg breadth limits and also may reflect a decrease in egg size over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an overview of post-1989 Romanian minority politics, with a comparative focus on three national minorities (the Hungarians, the Germans, and the Roma). It uses a broad array of secondary sources and scrutinizes the following aspects: 1) the situation of the three minorities when state socialism dissolved; 2) the scholarship focusing on minorities; 3) demography and issues of identification and migration; 4) political mobilization, identity politics, and claim-making; 5) kin-state politics; 6) Europeanization, and 7) social status and the place of these minorities within the Romanian political community. The contribution makes two main arguments: 1) that despite the unitary formal framework of Romanian minority politics, the three minority groups in Romania stand for different paths as regards minority politics and 2) that these paths and the post-1989 development of Romanian minority politics in general ought to be looked at from a perspective decidedly emphasizing its transnationalism. In providing this overview, the article implicitly teases out questions with respect to the evolution of scholarship (both from the disciplinary field of political science, but also beyond it) on Romanian minority politics over the past three decades, as well as with respect to the challenges that this scholarship needs to address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To be aware that social inclusion for people with intellectual and development al disabilities (IDD) is a focus of welfare policies and legislation in many countries • To recognise that the implementation of policy and legislation for people with IDD is the shared responsibility of governments, and health, education and social care professionals • To identify shared learning among students in health, education and social care programmes as one means of achieving social inclusion for people with IDD Policies for people with disabilities, and specifically those with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), have undergone significant changes during the past three decades. Many people with IDD experience social exclusion, which has significant implications for the individual, their family and wider society. Today the focus is on accessing universal services, care and support in the community to facilitate social inclusion. Professions and professionals in health, education and social services implement social inclusion policy in the field of IDD. However, there is a lack of coherence between the policy intentions of social inclusion and the realities of professional practice. Educational collaborations involving academics, students and practitioners from the professions working with people who have IDD provide an opportunity for shared learning. These collaborations support the development of knowledge and understanding, and the barriers that need to be addressed to achieve social inclusion for people with IDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study performs a comparative analysis of the role experiential and attributional factors play in the career planning of one sample of final year high-school studentsvs.one sample of final year vocational education students. We worked with 848 12th year highschool and 341 11th year vocational education future graduates from the Covasna County, Romania. Having had a model role teacher, school satisfaction (as experiential variables) and importance assigned to career planning (as an attributional variable) were associated with the intention of following a higher education path and with finding employment on the home labour market in the case of high-school students and with the intention of finding employment on the home labour market immediately after graduation in the case of vocational education students. With regard to the need for reform of the education system in Romania, our study recommends adapting academic curricula to the real needs of the students and underscores the major role teacher influence has upon students' making socioeconomically desirable career choices in their career-planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1931 and 2018 in the Danube Delta, 1,171 Great White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus Linnaeus 1758) were ringed (731 with metal rings, 440 with coloured plastic rings) at breeding sites. The majority of the captured birds were flightless young individuals. From the ringed birds, 25 (2.13%) were reported as recaptured. Most were reported from Israel (28%), and the rest from 8 other countries. Recovery distance varied between 50 and 3,000 km. 19 birds (76%) were reported within half year after ringing, 2 birds (8%) within a year, and further 4 individuals (16%) were reported after a year. With the exception of a single photographed individual, all the others perished: they were shot or fell victims to accidents. These cases suggest high mortality in the young age cohort. Very little knowledge is available about the African wintering grounds; there are only two reports from Egypt and one from Southern Sudan. Traditional ringing yields little information for this species. Considerably more exact data could be expected from satellite tracking, use of other modern locating techniques and use of genetic methods. The ringing of nestlings is only possible if we can apply less aggressive methods then used to date. Besides its scientific value, the intense research on the still numerous Great White Pelican population would be justified by the outstanding faunistic, economic and cultural importance of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convolvulus persicus is a critically endangered species, endemic to the embryonic shifting dunes of Caspian Sea and Black Sea. The distribution of this species in Romania includes also the sand dunes on the seashores of Sfântu Gheorghe and Sulina. This paper presents new data about the endangered species Convolvulus persicus regarding the distribution and the effective population size in Romania. The conservation status of the embryonic shifting dunes, found in the mentioned sites in 2019, was reviewed, along with the threats for both the habitat and the species. Several protection methods were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Otitis media is an ear inflammation which is characterized by excruciating pain, fever, a sensation of fullness and fluid drainage from the middle ear. Inflammation of the middle ear that follows a pathogenic microorganism infection is known as otitis syndrome. If the infection affects the ear canal, it can be external; if it affects the eardrum area, it can be medial. The main etiological agents involved in otitis media are bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae. Case Report: We present the case of a 4-month-old patient, who presented to the Targu Mures Emergency Department with fever (39.2 ... and otorrhea of the left ear. The mother reports that the symptoms started the day before. Along with the clinical examinations of the patient, purulent discharge from the ear was taken and sent to the laboratory for microbiological diagnostic. The sample was inoculated on the usual culture media and then incubated for 24 hours at 37 ... On Chocolate agar, the appearance of small, transparent, pearl-like, S-type colonies was observed. On blood agar, the appearance of the satellitism phenomenon was observed, as the colonies were only growing in the presence of the staphylococcal strains of the newborn's integumentary flora. The microscopic examination of the culture showed polymorphic gram-negative cocobacilli, suggestive of Haemophilus spp. For further identification to the level of species, the growth factor test was performed, along with automatic identification using Vitek 2 Compact (BioMerieux). Both tests identified the bacteria as Haemophilus influenzae. Discussions : Antibiotic susceptibility testing for Haemophilus influenzae should be performed on Mueller Hinton agar with 5% horse blood (a media used for highly fastidious bacteria) and incubated in CO2 atmosphere. In our case, the bacteria showed susceptibility to the usual antibiotics tested for these types of strains, but a lot of the strains are known to have resistance to routinely used antibiotics, such as amoxicillin. The antibiotics for treating such infections should be chosen carefully, as it can easily become a cronic infection if not treated properly. Conclusions: Diagnosing and treating Haemophilus influenzae otitis media can be challenging. In the current case, as the strain was susceptible to most antibiotics, the infection was treated by giving both systemic treatment (Cefuroxime) and topical ear drops with Ciprofloxacin. The evolution of the patient under treatment was favorable, towards healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic-driven condition that reduces the flow of blood in peripheral arteries. It remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Early revascularization is crucial in this situation, and rapid intervention is necessary, utilizing the best option for each patient individually. Case Report: We present the case of a 73-year-old male patient, known to have peripheral arterial disease, grade II hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, and chronic smoking history, who presents for a scheduled appointment at the Vascular Surgery Clinic with claudication pain occurring at distances shorter than 10 meters in the left lower limb. Angio-CT reveals occlusion of the superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, and left tibial-peroneal trunk. Surgical intervention was performed on August 21, 2022, involving extended femoro-popliteal distal axis thromboendarterectomy with arterial flow restoration and angioplasty using a bovine pericardial patch at the level of the popliteal artery. Post-operatively, symptoms improve, and the patient shows favorable progress in the first six months, with a subsequent progressive reduction in walking distance and the onset of rest pain, leading to readmission on February 21, 2023. Due to the occlusion of the tibia-peroneal trunk and post-operative fibrosis, it is decided to perform an anterior femoro-tibial bypass with extra-anatomic tunneling of the graft through the outside of the leg. Subsequently, the patient is discharged five days post-operation, and at the 6 and 12-month follow-up appointments, the bypass remains patent with no signs of restenosis and absence of symptoms. Discussions : Endovascular treatment is the preferred option for severe stenoses and short occlusions, while surgical treatment is recommended for long occlusions. The patency of below-the-knee arteries is crucial for both treatments. The Extra-Anatomic Femoro-Tibial Bypass is an alternative intervention for lower limb salvage in peripheral arterial disease. It has a favorable prognosis compared to thromboendarterectomy. Hopefully, prediction models will further improve the long-term results of this procedure in the future. Conclusions: In conclusion, peripheral arterial disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus remains hazardous, representing a common cause of amputation. The extra-anatomic bypass is a feasible solution that can be applied in well-selected cases to save the limb instead of amputating it, with excellent outcomes reflected even after 12 months post-intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as an accurate modality for detecting prostate cancer. Fusion of ultrasound with magnetic resonance imaging allows urologists to progress from blind, systematic biopsies to biopsies, which are mapped, targeted and tracked. The aim of this case report is to highlight the importance of using MRI-US fusion targeted prostate biopsy. Case Report: We report the case of a 55 years old male patient with mild lower urinary tract symptoms and PSA level of 5,21 ng/ml. Pelvis MRI scan revealed one lesion classified as PI-RADS 4 in the transition zone of the right prostatic lobe. MRI-US targeted and systematic prostate biopsy was performed. Discussions : Prostate adenocarcinoma was found in histopathological findings, small lesion of 1mm Gleason score 3+4=7 (grade 4: 5%), grade group 2 from targeted biopsy and normal tissue in systematic ones. Conclusions: MRI-US fusion offers a way to localize and sample suspected cancer with precision. Biopsy results obtained with the fusion devices compare favourably with results obtained with ultrasound alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper presents the numerical fluctuation of the populations of common pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus Linnaeus 1758) during the last seven decades in the Danube Delta, Romania. Pelicans have been protected in Romania since 1933. Their only nesting ground in Romania, the largest in Europe, is situated in the northern part of the Delta in an isolated area that is extremely difficult to approach. As a result of their protected status the population had increased tenfold by the year 2000 compared to the 1930s. While population assessments historically were performed from rowboats and occasionally based on aerial photography, new, high tech methods have shown an apparent increase in the population trend. In 2016 the estimated number of nesting Great White Pelican pairs was 17,000. We postulate that hydrographical changes constitute an important factor in the positive population trend by creating new roosting grounds for pairs previously unable to nest. The increase could also be a result of the relocation of smaller pelican colonies from around the Black Sea. The use of drone photography and GPS localization was pivotal in determining current population figures, allowing the appraisal of areas previously inaccessible by boat. The unexpected increase in the pelican population warrants a revaluation of the management policy of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Authority, and demonstrates the necessity of adopting equipment for future population monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Studia Universitatis Petru Maior, Series Oeconomica is the property of Petru Maior Unversity, Faculty of Economics Law & Administrative Services and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, Internet banking is a service provided by all Romanian banks which has become a daily need for millions of users. This study contains a brief overview of the Internet banking services usage level in the European Union for the period 2007-2016. An increasing in the use of Internet banking services in the EU can be observed at the level of the analysed period. At the same time we compared the users (individuals aged 16 to 74) of Internet banking services to other European countries and we found that the users of the Internet banking services in Romania are still far below the European average but the trend is an upward one. In this study we have focused our attention only on Internet banking, as it is the most commonly used payment instrument in the Romanian practice of remote access payment instruments. The indicators considered in this study were the Internet banking users and the Internet users. We have used the model of the simple linear regression to highlight the existence of a relationship between the variables. In this respect we used statistical data taken from Eurostat and Romanian Ministry of Communications and Information Society as well as data provided by the Romanian National Institute of Statistics for the period 2009-2014. The results of the model have pointed out the fact that the rise of the number of Internet users leads to an increase of the number of Internet banking users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper are presented the phases for improving from an aesthetic point of view a clothing item, the T-shirt for women using software design patterns, computerised graphics and textile different modern technologies including: industrial embroidery, digital printing, sublimation. In the first phase a documentation was prepared in the University of Oradea and traditional motif was selected from a collection comprising a number of Romanian traditional motifs from different parts of the country and were reintepreted and stylized whilst preserving the symbolism and color range specified to the area. For the styling phase was used CorelDraw vector graphics program that allows changing the shape, size and color of the drawings without affecting the identity of the pattern. The embroidery was done using BERNINA Embroidery Software Designer Plus Software. This software allows you to export the model to any domestic or industrial embroidery machine regardless of brand. Finally we observed the resistance of the printed and embroided model to various: elasticity, resistance to abrasion and a sensory analysis on the preservation of color. After testing we noticed the imprint resistance applied to the fabric, resulting in a quality that makes possible to keep the Romanian traditional motif from generation to generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convolvulus persicus is a critically endangered species, endemic to the embryonic shifting dunes of the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea. The risk factors for the populations of C. persicus in Romania have an anthropic origin (Kiss and Szatmari, 2020). At the same time, natural risks are also present, such as the solidification of the sands. The efficient approach of plant conservation involves the combination of ex-situ and in-situ strategies, having as the main objective the maintenance of genetic diversity. In our case, ex-situ conservation presents a viable and even indicated alternative. In-vitro conservation has been conducted before by Holobiuc on this species using fragments of the stem or root (Holobiuc et al., 2015) but not seeds. The study aims to obtain an optimal protocol for ex-situ conservation using seeds, as well as the multiplication of plant in-vitro culture. Seeds from 20 individuals were used and kept over the winter at 18-20 °C, as well as a month at 4 °C. To initiate the in-vitro culture, the seeds were disinfected and inoculated into culture vessels containing 50 ml of MS solid medium supplemented with 20% sucrose. The infection rate after 30 days from inoculation is 8%. The germination rate is 1%. Only one of the seeds germinated, and after 20 days from germination, it was passed on a medium supplemented with phytohormones. In conclusion, we can say that germination of C. persicus is quite difficult and it is easier to induce in-vitro cultures from fragments of the stem or root as was done in Holobiuc's study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of scientific psychology in Romania begins in the late nineteenth century under the auspices of the new methodological paradigm of experimentalism. After Eduard Gruber established the first experimental psychology laboratory in 1893 in Iasi, Romania becoming the tenth country in the world to have such a laboratory, the new current was strongly supported by the local scientific community. Constantin Rădulescu- Motru (1906) and later Florian Ştefănescu-Goangă (1921), disciples of Wundt, as Gruber in fact, succeeded to to implement experimental psychology as the main direction in Romanian psychology, which in the interwar period came to an unanimous international recognition. The landmarks of the evolution of experimental psychology in Romania, as presented in this article are meant to invite the community of psychologists to initiate a debate, from the historical point of view, on the Romanian experimental psychology, especially after the social and epistemic changes that followed during the totalitarian and postdecembrist period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Medica Transilvanica is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Medica Transilvanica is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The number of lymph nodes evaluated may be a measure of quality in colon cancer care and appears to be inadequate in most patients treated for colon cancer. We performed a systematic review of the evidence for the association between lymph node evaluation and oncologic outcomes in patients with colon cancer. Aim: The adequate lymph node evaluation for cancer involvement, prognosis and adequate treatment of patients with colon cancer. Method: It included information about diagnosis, patient age at diagnosis, the surgical procedure that was performed, anatomic location of the cancer, histology, tumor size, number of LN identified, number of LN positive for cancer, general stage (local, regional or to distance, TNM stage /A7CC). Rectal cancer was excluded. We analyzed data from the cancer registry of 1st Surgical Clinic of Sibiu including 287 patients with colon cancer. This registry includes follow-up information from 1998 to 2009. Identification of ≥12 LN (lymph nodes) in resected colon cancer specimens has been considered as a quality indicator. In patients with resected colorectal cancer, LN the involvement has particular importance for patient prognosis and adjuvant therapy. Results: The average number of LN identified increased from 6±3 during 1998-2003, to 14±5 during 2003-2009. The proportion of patients diagnosed with positive LN increased from 31.6% during 1998-2003 to 37% during 2003-2009. No significant change in the proportion of patients diagnosed with just one positive LN (10% versus 10.6%) was observed. Conclusion: The results suggest a relationship between the survival and identification of 12+ LN for stage I or II, considering the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Timisoara Physical Education & Rehabilitation Journal is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Timisoara Physical Education & Rehabilitation Journal is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: In the nineteenth century, the meandering rivers of the Carpathian Basin were extensively regulated, and their large (up to 100km wide) floodplains were confined by artificial levees. On the narrow (0.5–4km) artificial floodplains confined by these levees, overbank sedimentation has become the dominant geomorphological process, resulting in rising floodplain levels during the last century. The Maros River is an extreme example of this process, as it carries a significant amount of suspended sediment (4.6 × 106 m3/y) and because its lowland reach was drastically shortened by cutoffs, resulting in bed scour and an increased sediment load. Simultaneously, a flood embankment system was constructed, reducing the floodplain width by 70–80%. The resulting accelerated overbank sediment accumulation increases the flood hazard along the river. The aim of this study is to determine the spatial and temporal pattern of overbank sediment accumulation on the artificial floodplain of the lower Maros River over the last 150years and to identify its influencing factors. The lateral slope of the protected (natural) floodplain was projected towards the present-day channel, allowing the volume (m3) and rate (cm/y) of overbank sedimentation to be calculated using digital terrain modelling (DTM). Changes in the rate of sedimentation were determined by pollen analysis. The studied reach was divided into five sections based on the rate of aggradation: (i) the distal surface of the alluvial fan, where no sedimentation was measured, only incision; (ii) the original front of the alluvial fan (1.0±0.4cm/y); (iii) the recently formed secondary alluvial fan (1.4±0.3cm/y); (iv) the low-lying floodplain (0.4±0.2cm/y); and (v) the outlet unit (2.0±0.5cm/y). The aggradation rate was slower on elevated forms, such as the pre-regulation natural levee (0.2cm/y), and greater on the low-lying floodplain (0.6cm/y). The greatest accumulation rate (1.3–2.4cm/y) was measured in cutoffs. The sedimentation rate was high during the regulation period (1.9–2.4cm/y) but later decreased to 0.5–0.9cm/y. The rate of aggradation was determined by the width, height and slope conditions of the floodplain, the impoundment of the main river and the land use in the area. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A 2008 októberében kirobbant világválság eltéro helyzetben érte a gazdaságokat Bulgáriában, Magyarországon, Romániában és Szlovákiában. Az országok kormányai igen hasonló intézkedéseket hoztak a negatív hatások kiküszöbölésének érdekében. Nagyon fontos, hogy tudjuk, a vállalatok, a különbözo szervezetek hogyan reagáltak a válságra. A tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy a vizsgált négy országban muködo cégek milyen intézkedéseket kívánnak tenni a jelenlegi pénzügyi és gazdasági válságban az emberi-eroforrás-menedzsment területén. A szerzok a szakirodalom rövid áttekintésével bemutatják a humán toke szerepét ebben a kritikus idoszakban. Ezek után a 2008 novembere és 2009 februárja között elvégzett empirikus kutatásukhoz kapcsolódó eredményeket ismertetik. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the social presence of churches in postcommunist Romania. Its main question is how the social role of churches has been shaped in different spheres of the Romanian society. To answer this question, church-based organizations from one region in Transylvania are analyzed. The article proposes a theoretical model according to which the increasing social presence of churches is driven by two different strategies that these organizations employ. The first strategy can be called "the sacralization of public institutions", and it has the goal of ensuring the presence of the church in public institutions. The second strategy can be labeled as "building its own institutions": churches become public actors using the elbowroom available in civil society. The essay comparatively presents these two strategies, and argues that both can operate against the functional differentiation of the Romanian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electoral system is one of the most important political institutions that can shape the democratic characteristic of a country. Taking into account the importance of democratic electoral systems the research question this paper is aimed at addressing is: what, if any, is the influence of the prior type of regime, and of the method of power transfer (to democracy) on the design of electoral system in Romania. By way of this analysis specific emphasis will be placed on a bit less documented field, specifically what institutional or social events influence the formation and design of the electoral system in the Romanian context. Of secondary importance (for this paper) are the implications which electoral systems have on the path of democratization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of dendrology in geomorphological researches is referred as dendrogeomorphology: its aim is to define the rate of geomorphological processes and the period of their activity (ALESTALO, J. 1971). The mass movements, erosional and aggradational processes modifying the environment and the trees refer to these changes by altering their growth or tissue. The aim of the presented case study is to demonstrate the application of dendrogeomorphology. The dynamism of island development was studied on the lower reach of Maros River using dendrogeomorphology and GIS. The two different methods gave similar results, however the aerial photos and maps provided detailed data on the spatial changes of the island development, while the dendrogeomorphology gave better temporal resolution on the changes. Thus it was possible to determine those fluvial periods, when the island formation was more intensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first extensive investigation that quantifies natural mycoparasitic relationships in the phyllosphere. The presence of Ampelomyces spp. was quantified in naturally occurring powdery mildew fungi collected in Hungary and Romania between 1992 and 1995. A total of 570 samples was studied representing 27 species (nine genera) of the Erysiphaceae infecting 41 host plant genera. The incidence of Ampelomyces spp., determined as the proportion of samples in which intracellular pycnidia were present, varied between 4.3 and 68.8% in the host fungal genera studied. The intensity of mycoparasitism, defined as a percentage of the powdery mildew mycelia parasitized by Ampelomyces, ranged from 0.15 to 65%. Both the incidence and the intensity of mycoparasitism showed the lowest values in Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer collected from wild and cultivated monocotyledons, while the highest values were found in Arthrocladiella mougeotii (Lév.) Vassilkov infecting Lycium halimifolium Mill. plants. The paper reports for the first time the natural occurrence of Ampelomyces in Sawadaea bicornis (Wallr.:Fr.) Homma on maple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]