Search

Battery poultry houses are subject to infestations by pests, such as the ectoparasitic mites Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) and Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) which are hematophagous and can cause skin lesions, stress, and even death of hens, leading to significant economic losses. Recent European studies have shown that these mites can also work as vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, due to the absence of records on the association between D. gallinae and O. bursa and pathogenic microorganisms in Brazil, the present study aimed to identify pathogenic bacteria through a metagenomics analysis associated with mites collected from a poultry house located in a rural area of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and direct from a skin' person that lives in a farm in the interior of the state of São Paulo (Brazil). For the material collected in Rio Grande do Sul, a higher predominance of endosymbiotic bacteria, and different species of the pathogenic bacteria species Bartonella was observed. On the other hand, some enterobacteria were identified from O. bursa samples, but the amount was not high enough to identify the species. Additionally, the endosymbiotic Wolbachia spp. was identified in both O. bursa samples (pooled and individuals). Besides the detection of Wolbachia, in the individual O. bursa microbiome, we detected Spiroplasma spp. and 'Candidatus Cardinium'. This is the first time that a microbiome study has been made for the species D. gallinae and O. bursa in Brazil, as well as the first time that Wolbachia, Spiroplasma and 'Candidatus Cardinium' was detected in O. bursa samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The horticultural activity has gained in recent years greater visibility through state stimulus programs. Horticulture is an important source of employment and income for the economy of many municipalities since the state of Rio Grande do Sul is the 4th largest national fruit producer. However, the poor conditions of rural roads have been causing losses, affecting the income earned by horticulturalists. The road conditions are usually due to the interactions of man with the geographic space and society because it impacts the environment when pressing the opening of new roads. These roads have some difficulties in terms of mobility. In this sense, this work aims to characterize and evaluate to what proportion that attributes of the terrain impacts road system and the flow of production in the municipalities of Nova Esperança do Sul and Santiago, RS. It was sought through the free software QGIS version 3.4 LTR "Madeira" to apply a series of computational tools for the extraction of variables contained in the MDE to compute the impedances. Initially, an analysis of horticultural production was made, demonstrating the need to transpose and it was observed that in the period of 12 years an increase of 4.76% in horticultural production, thus justifying the need for a modal capable of satisfying such needs. On the other hand, it was observed that 80% of the roads in the respective municipalities are not paved, suffering from holes, erosion, lack of drainage, etc. impacting the trafficability of producers and the community in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Herpetología is the property of Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Bullying among adolescents has become the subject of extensive research due to its negative effects on attitude and behavior. However, Brazilian literature on the topic is scarce. Objective: To assess bullying and associated factors among adolescents in a population-based sample in southern Brazil. Method: Population-based, cross-sectional study with adolescents aged 11 to 15 years living in the municipality of Pelotas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Results: A total of 1,145 adolescents were included. Bullying behaviors and attitudes were found to be associated with the following factors: intentionally skipping classes, failing at school, using alcohol, smoking cigarettes, using illegal drugs, having engaged in sexual intercourse, carrying a weapon, being involved in an accident/being run over by any vehicle, and being involved in fights with physical aggression. Conclusion: Bullying is associated with several behaviors that pose risk to the adolescents' physical and psychological health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze helminth assemblage in Rhinella dorbignyi regarding host gender, size and mass in two sampling sites in southern Brazil, and to report new parasite associations. Anurans (n = 100) were collected in two localities from Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil, from 2017 to 2020. Nineteen taxa (adults and larval forms) belonging to Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Digenea, and Cestoda were found in different infection sites. Cosmocercidae gen. spp., Physaloptera liophis , Catadiscus sp., and Cylindrotaenia americana were the dominant taxa in helminth assemblage. Female anurans showed higher helminth species richness than males considering the total sample (two localities) or one of the two localities. However, prevalence and mean intensity of infection did not show any significant difference between genders. Mean intensity of infection was significantly higher (19.52) in Laranjal locality. Host body size does not influence helminth abundance, as infections did not show significant correlation snout-vent length (SVL) nor body mass (BM) of anurans. The findings reveal anurans of R. dorbignyi may be intermediate, paratenic and definitive host for these parasites. Plagiorchioidea helminths (Digenea), Physaloptera liophis , larvae of Acuariidae and Spiroxys sp. (Nematoda), and cystacanth of Lueheia sp. (Acanthocephala) constitute new records for R. dorbignyi. Additionally, this is the first record of Cylindrotaenia americana larvae in this host species. Resulting information increases the knowledge on biodiversity and parasite-host relations and may help future conservation programs developed in ecosystems in the extreme south of Brazil. [Display omitted] • Helminth richness recorded in Rhinella dorbignyi is composed of monoxenic and heteroxenic cycle taxa , thus this anuran can act as intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts. • Female anurans showed higher helminth richness than males, considering the total sample (two localities) or one of the two localities. • The size of anurans does not influence the parasitic infections. • The findings revealed new records of Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Digenea, and Cestoda associated with host species in the Neotropical region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the prevalence and the factors associated with common mental disorders among adolescents in Pelotas, a southern Brazilian city. Method: A population based cross-sectional study was carried out in the urban area of Pelotas. Multistage sampling was used to obtain a sample of adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years. Adolescents were interviewed using a serf-report confidential questionnaire. The presence of common mental disorders was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20). Multivariate analysis was carried out using the Poisson regression with a robust adjustment of variance and control for design effect. Results: Nine hundred and sixty adolescents were interviewed. The prevalence of common mental disorders was 28.8%. Adolescents aged 17 years showed prevalence of 1.37 (95% CI 1.06-1.78) times greater than the 15 year olds. Adolescents whose mothers had between 5 and 8 years of schooling had a prevalence 1.42 (95% CI 1.01-1.51) times greater than those whose mothers had more than 8 years of schooling. Smoking and sedentary behavior were also associated with an increased prevalence of common mental disorders. Those who were dissatisfied with their body image showed a prevalence of 1.47 (95 % CI 1.07-2.02). Conclusions: Maternal schooling, tobacco smoking, sedentary behavior and body image dissatisfaction were factors associated with the presence of common mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]