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Aim: We examined Korean nurses professional quality of life, emotional labour and workplace violence to guide development of interventions to improve nurses professional quality of life., Background: Nurses face heavy exposure to emotional labour and workplace violence. Stress experienced by nurses reduces compassion satisfaction and increases compassion fatigue., Methods: Participants comprised 399 clinical nurses chosen by convenience sampling. Questionnaires measured demographic characteristics, emotional labour, workplace violence and professional quality of life., Results: Nurses professional quality of life was affected by emotional labour and workplace violence. Graduate educational level, emotional exposure and emotional supervision were associated with compassion satisfaction. Burnout was commonly associated with emotional exposure, experience and supervision of workplace violence. Secondary traumatic stress was associated with emotional exposure and experience of workplace violence., Conclusions: We elucidated the relationship between professional quality of life, emotional labour and workplace violence. Raising professional quality of life among nurses requires regular analysis of emotional labour and provision of organizational-level interventions. Counselling programmes that address violence prevention education and comprehensive response strategies among nurses and policies that foster an organizational culture of respect and cooperation in hospitals are needed., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

OBJECTIVE. The purposes of this study were to identify the similarities and differences among the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS), American College of Radiology (ACR) TI-RADS, and European TIRADS and to compare the diagnostic performance of sonographic fine-needle aspiration (FNA) criteria for detecting malignant thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study included 2274 consecutively evaluated thyroid nodules 1 cm or larger in 1836 patients with final diagnoses from January 2011 to December 2016. US features of the nodules were retrospectively reviewed and classified according to three published guidelines from international societies. We compared the US lexicons, categories, and diagnostic performance of the FNA criteria for malignant nodules among the three reporting systems. RESULTS. Of the 2274 thyroid nodules, 1974 (86.8%) were benign and 300 (13.2%) were malignant; 93.7% of all malignancies were papillary carcinoma. Most of the US lexicons were similar among the three systems except for the definition of echogenicity of a nodule of mixed echogenicity in European TIRADS. Although the categories had strong correlations ( r = 0.777-0.877, all p < 0.001) among the three systems, significant differences were observed in categories 5, 4, and 3 of nodules (all p < 0.001) and in the sensitivity, specificity, and rate of unnecessary FNA of the FNA criteria for malignancy (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION. Although the three systems had similarities in most US lexicons, significant differences were observed in the classified categories and diagnostic performance of the FNA criteria for malignancy.

Aims: To test a model of the relationship between nurses' burnout and emotional labour using structural equation modelling to identify the mediating effects of workplace violence., Background: Nurses are a group that experiences high emotional labour and are exposed to various types of violence in the clinical setting. Burnout is related to emotional labour and exposure of workplace violence, but alternatives to reduce burnout in the context of emotional labour (e.g., reduction in workplace violence) have not been extensively investigated., Design: This study adopted a cross-sectional design., Methods: A convenience sample comprising 400 nurses from four university hospitals in Korea was selected from 10 to 30 October 2016. Data on nurses' level of emotional labour, burnout and workplace violence were collected from participants. A composite-indicator structural equation model was used to examine the mediation model., Results: Overall, 356 nurses (89.0%) returned the completed questionnaires. Burnout was significantly and positively associated with emotional labour and workplace violence. In addition, workplace violence mediated the relationship between emotional labour and burnout related to the nursing job., Conclusion: The findings suggest that, to alleviate burnout in clinical nurses due to emotional labour, various programs and policy measures should be adopted to prevent their exposure to workplace violence and to enhance the organizational management of violence., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)