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Background: Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) affects different age groups and its incidence is increasing worldwide. However, there is a lack of research focusing on age subgroups in Asian countries. In this nationwide population-based study, we investigated the epidemiology of PIBD among different age subgroups in Korea., Methods: We analyzed Korean health administration data from 2005 to 2016. Data were divided by age at diagnosis as follows: group 1, 0-1 years; group 2, 2-5 years; group 3, 6-9 years; group 4, 10-16 years. We analyzed the overall incidence, temporal changes, and regional differences by age subgroups, using Poisson regression analysis., Results: From 2005 to 2016, 2734 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cases were diagnosed among patients under 17 years of age. In the overall population, the incidence rate of PIBD over the entire study period was 2.248/10 5  person-years (PY), significantly increasing from 1.173/10 5  PY in 2005-2007 to 3.267/10 5  PY in 2014-2016. The incidence rates in groups 1 and 2 remained unchanged, whereas those of groups 3 and 4 increased significantly. The same trend was observed when analyzed separately for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The incidence rates of CD in groups 3 and 4 showed differences between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, whereas those in groups 1 and 2, and UC of all age subgroups showed no difference., Conclusions: The temporal trend and regional differences of PIBD differed among age subgroups, suggesting that genetic and environmental factors have varying impacts on IBD development across different subgroups., (© 2024 Japan Pediatric Society.)