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The purpose of this article is to question on the implications of the use of medication in the subjective process of people with HIV / AIDS (PVHA) and adherence to treatment. The central place of medication in the health discourse on the treatment of these people was discussed. This is a qualitative research, which used semi-structured interviews, from the following triggering question "how is, for you, living with HIV / AIDS?" There were 6 subjects interviewed, 2 women and 4 men, all of them, members of a Specialized Care Service (SAE) in STD / AIDS in Recife / PE. We used an accidental and intentional sampling. The reference taken to build a theory from the findings was inspired by Michel Foucault's thought, especially in the subject's genealogy. It points out that Foucault does not have instruments prepared to conduct his researches, what he does is accurate empirical inquiries about areas and very specific fields without global or general claims about his fields of study. An analytic of the subject was carried on, and not a discourse analysis as in the traditional format, which must be understood as the questioning of subjective processes that occurs by the relationship between regimes of truth and ethical forms of relationship with yourself and the other, a genealogy of the subject. It is noteworthy the references to biopower and biopolitics in these subjective processes of PVHA. AIDS seems to have circulated as a speech and served as experiences that participated in the formatting of subjects, producing docile bodies and operationalizing governance on the individual body and population. This management of life is evident in the adherence to treatment, observing the medical-scientific discourse coordinating the forms of subjectivity of PVHA and their ways of conducting their treatments, medication use and adherence, showing how the discourse on AIDS iwas articulated by various devices and passed to govern life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]