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Objective: To determine the impact of lifestyle on the optimization of blood pressure in adult hypertensive patients Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Aug 2019 to Jan 2020 Methodology: The study population comprised of 200 hypertension patients reporting for routine follow-up. Patients were divided into two groups. Group-A (controls) had the patients with the continuation of the routine anti-hypertensive medication. At the same time, Group-B (cases) received lifestyle modifications (salt restriction, quitting smoking and daily step count by using a pedometer) in addition to the routine anti-hypertension medication. Control of blood pressure among the groups was compared three months after the start of the study. Results: Mean age of the patients was 46.50±3.56 years. The mean duration of hypertension in the study participants was 5.12±3.24 years. Optimal blood pressure was achieved in 103(51.5%), while this was not achieved in 97(48.5%). With the help of binary logistic regression analysis, we found a statistically significant difference in achieving optimal blood pressure control among the cases and controls. Gender was also statistically significant in achieving control of blood pressure (p- value<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed a significant difference in optimizing the blood pressure of patients who received lifestyle modification in addition to conventional biological treatment than those who only received the routine anti-hypertensive medication. Females also had better control as compared to males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the association of fatty liver with type 2 diabetes and other socio-demographic factors among the patients at Pak Emirates military hospital Rawalpindi. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical Study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from Aug 2019 to Jan 2020. Methodology: This study was conducted on 300 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus reporting for a routine checkup at the medical Outpatient department. Fatty liver was diagnosed on ultrasound by a consultant radiologist. Results: Out of three hundred patients with diabetes mellitus included in the final analysis, 225(75.0%) were males, and 75(25.0%) were females. 176(58.6%) had fatty liver on ultrasound, while 124(41.4%) had no fatty liver on ultrasound examination at the time of the study. we found that increasing age, long duration of diabetes and poor control of illness had a statistically significant relationship with the presence of fatty liver among the target population (p<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes had a high frequency of fatty liver on routine ultrasound examinations. In addition, patients with more age, long duration of diabetes mellitus and poor control of illness were at a high risk of developing fatty liver among the study participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To find out the underlying causes of chronic diarrhea in soldiers and how it differs from general population. Study Design: Prospective comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Multan and Pak Emeritus Military Hospital (PEMH) Rawalpindi, from Dec 2017 to Jan 2020. Methodology: All soldiers in active service, having diarrhea more than 4 weeks in study and non-soldiers of the same age were included in the control group. There were inquired in details about the diarrhea symptoms and investigations carried out accordingly to find out the underlying cause. The two groups were compared to find out any differences. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 22. Results: Seventy one in study and 50 patients in control had their mean ages of 34.61 ± 8.35 and 32.42 ± 10.28 years. Mean duration of symptoms were 18 and 15 months in study and control groups respectively. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) was more common in both groups i.e. 14 (20%) and 20 (40%) in study and control groups respectively but frequency was more in second one. Seropositive celiac disease 13 (18.5%), seronegative villous atrophy 10 (14%) in study and Inflammatory Bowel Disease IBD 6 (12%) in control group were second most common conditions. Conclusions: Irritable bowel syndrome is common in this age group. Celiac and seronegative villous atrophy is second common conditions in the study group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To find out association of gender and age with compliance of H Pylori eradication therapy. Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Multan and Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2017 to Feb 2020. Methodology: Two hundred and fifty patients with dyspepsia were included through convenient sampling after getting informed consent. The patients already under H Pylori eradication therapy were excluded from the study. Diagnosis of H Pylori infection was done by histopathology report of gastric mucosal biopsy on upper GI endoscopy in some individuals and H Pylori antigen on stool examination in others. They were placed in eight different groups keeping in mind their previous history of use of antibiotics and known side effects with the particular antibiotic. Results: There were 154 (61.60%) males and 96 (38.40) females with mean age of 36.71 ± 13.23 years. The frequency of male patients who complied to treatment (130/84.4%) was significantly higher as compared to the frequency of female patients (71/74.0%) at p-value of 0.04 and odds ratio of 1.9 (1.01-3.58). The study also showed that the difference of mean age between the patients who completed and those who did not complete the treatment was statistically not significant (36.33 ± 12.78 vs 38.24 ± 14.94 years). Conclusion: Compliance to H Pylori eradication therapy is associated with gender but not with age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]