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Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the big sources of Big Sensor data in which collected sensor readings often polluted due to corruption and losses of the sensor readings. In Big Sensor data analytics, fast and efficient detection of error and its localization is a challenging research issue. Most of the existing solutions for the error detection and localization in sensor data use offline techniques for detecting errors. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for online error detection and its localization which uses an online scheme for detecting and localizing errors in sensor data using latest big data processing tools such as Apache Spark streaming. Performance evaluation of the proposed framework is done using two different datasets such as real-time air quality dataset of the Raipur city and Intel sensor dataset in terms of false positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To study hematological manifestations in patients of Chronic Kidney Disease admitted to Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Pt.J.N.M. Medical College and B.R.A.M. Hospital, Raipur from January 2007 to July 2007. Materials and Methods: 150 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease admitted in Nephrology Unit were studied. All patients were subjected to all routine investigations including Complete Blood Count, Blood Sugar, C Reactive Protein (CRP). Results: Mean Age of the patients was 49.5±8.5 year. 61.3% patients were males and 38.7% patients were females. Among patients with Serum creatinine level less than 1.5 mg/dl (36.7%), 60% had Hemoglobin <10 gm/dl and 40% had Hemoglobin >10 gm/dl. Among patients with Serum creatinine level more than 1.5 mg/dl (63.3%), 73.6% had Hemoglobin < 10 gm/dl and 26.5% had Hemoglobin > 10 gm/dl. Among patients having Hemoglobin < 10 gm/dl (66%), 18.2% were diabetic and 81.8% were non diabetic. Among patients with Hemoglobin > 10 gm/dl, 9.9% were diabetic and 90.1% were non diabetic. 57.3% patients were CRP positive and 42.7% were CRP negative. Among those who had Hemoglobin <10 gm/dl, 56.5% were CRP Positive. 17.4% of all CRP positive patients were found to be diabetic. Normocytic, normochromic anemia was the most common abnormality and was found in 61% of patients having Hemoglobin <10 gm/dl. Microcytic Hypochromic anemia was found in 30% of patients and rest (9%) patients had normocytic, hypochromic anemia. Conclusion: Hemoglobin less than 10 gm/dl was found in 60% of patients having abnormal serum creatinine. Higher proportion of diabetic patients was found in the group having hemoglobin less than 10 gm/dl. The rate of CRP positivity was higher in anemic patients having hemoglobin less than 10 gm/dl. The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (Type II) among CRP positive patients was 17.4%. Normocytic, Normochromic Anemia was the most common peripheral smear finding among Chronic Kidney Disease patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To study spectrum of Renal Disease among patients from Tribal areas of Chhattisgarh presenting to Medical College Hospital, Raipur. Materials and Methods: In this study, 1015 patients from tribal areas of Chhattisgarh who were admitted in Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Pt.J.N.M. Medical College and B.R.A.M. Hospital, Raipur (C.G.) were studied. All patients were subjected to clinical examination, Complete Blood Count, renal function tests, Serum electrolytes and other relevant investigations. Results: 1015 patients were studied. Spectrum of Renal disease included Acute Renal Failure (17%), Chronic Kidney Disease (71%), Nephrotic Syndrome (10.3%), Sickle cell disease (0.9%), HIV (0.8%). Spectrum of renal disorders among Acute Renal Failure included Malaria (37%), AGE (39%), Septicemia (11%), Hypotensin (8%), Obstetrics/Gynaecology related ARF (5%). Spectrum of Chronic Kidney Disease included Chronic Glomerulonephritis (41.3%), Diabetic Kidney Disease (29%), Hypertensive Nephropathy (28.2%), Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease (1.3%), and HIV (0.2%). Conclusion: Chronic Kidney Disease was the most common presentation accounting for 71% of all patients followed by Acute Renal Failure (17%). Among Chronic Kidney Disease patients, the most common presentation was Chronic Glomerulonephritis (41.3%), followed by Diabetic Kidney Disease (29.0%) and Hypertensive nephropathy (28.2%). Among Acute Renal Failure, Acute Gastroenteritis (39%) accounted for most of the patients followed by malaria (37%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the prevalence of complications (Retinopathy, Nephropathy, Neuropathy, Dermatopathy) in 50 patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: 50 patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus hospitalized in Department of Medicine, Pt.J.N.M. Medical College and B.R.A.M. Hospital, Raipur were studied and were subjected to complete hematological examination, Renal Function Tests, Electrolytes, Urinalysis, Neurological and Fundus Examination. Results: 70% patients were males and 30% patients were females. The prevalence of any of the complications of Diabetes was 77% in males and 66% in females. 30% patients were less than 50 years of age and 70% patients were more than 50 years of age. Among patients less than 50 years age, 73% had one of the complications and among more than 50 years age, 91% had one of the complications. 62% of patients had duration of diabetes less than 15 years and 90% of them had one of the complications. 38% of patients had duration of diabetes more than 15 years and 94% of them had one of the complications. 36% of patients were non proteinuric and 64% were proteinuric (>200 mg per 24 hours). 70%patients had Retinopathy, of which 86% were proteinuric and 14% non proteinuric. 14% patients had neuropathy, of which 71% were proteinuric and 29% non proteinuric. 16% patients had dermatopathy, of which 75% were proteinuric and 25% non proteinuric. 32% patients had hypertension, of which 75% were proteinuric and 25% non proteinuric. 4% patients had amputation and all of them were proteinuric. 64% patients had diabetic kidney disease. Conclusion: The complications of Diabetes Mellitus (Type II) are more common in males as compared to females. The prevalence of complications of Diabetes is higher in patients more than 50 years of age. 94% of patients with duration of Diabetes more than 15 years had one of the complications. Proteinuria is more commonly associated with Diabetic patients having retinopathy as compared to those having neuropathy or dermatopathy. The most common complications is retinopathy followed by nephropathy. The prevalence of diabetic kidney disease in Diabetes Mellitus (Type II) was found to be 64%. Prevalence of other complications of Diabetes is more common in proteinuric patients. 1. The degree of MA at the end of the first day may delineate the critically ill patients with sepsis, where prompt and targeted therapy is of utmost importance. 2. Serial measurements of MA, a simple and inexpensive test, is of help in stratifying patients according to severity of illness (assessed by the APACHE IV scoring system), in the ICU. 3. Trend of MA may help to predict mortality in critically ill patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease patients (not on dialysis) from Tribal areas of Chhattisgarh. Materials and Methods: All Chronic Kidney Disease patients from tribal areas of Chhattisgarh admitted in Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Pt.J.N.M.Medical College and B.R.A.M.Hospital Raipur (C.G.) during the year 2007 were studied. All patients were subjected to Fasting Lipid Profile analysis. Patients already on lipid lowering therapy or with thyroid or liver diseases were excluded from the study. Results: 61 patients were studied of which 57% were males and 43% females. Serum Total Cholesterol (>200 mg/dl) was found in 56.6% while 43.4% had S.Cholesterol (<200 mg/dl). (P value 0.05) 14.82%patients had HDL level <35 mg/dl, while 85.18% had HDL >35 mg/dl. Serum Triglyceride level >150 mg/dl was found in 54.25% patients (P=0.02). LDL level > 100 mg/dl was found in 61.39% (P=0.05). In diabetic patients, the mean total cholesterol level was 184.29 and mean LDL 105.2 mg/dl. In non diabetics, the mean total cholesterol level was 105.2 and mean LDL 97.10 mg/dl. (P= 0.05) The mean cholesterol level was 192.39 mg/dl in patients with glomerular disease and 164.13 mg/dl in patients with non glomerular disease (P=0.02). The LDL level was 107.0 mg/dl in patients with glomerular disease and 96.82 mg/dl in patients with non glomerular disease (P=0.05). Conclusion: Increased LDL level was the most common lipid abnormality encountered in the study (61%). Increased Triglycerides level was found in 54.25% patients and the p value (0.02) was found to be statistically significant. Increased Total Cholesterol level was found in 56.6% patients. Decreased HDL was found in 14.82%. Mean cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly different in diabetics and non diabetics (184.29 vs 169.32 mg/dl) and (105.2 vs 97.10 mg/dl) Mean cholesterol and LDL levels were higher among patients with glomerular disease versus non glomerular disease and the p value (0.02) was found to be statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To study the prevalence and impact of metabolic syndrome on Hospital outcomes among patients with Chronic Kidney Disease from Tribal areas of Chhattisgarh, presenting to a Tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: All patients with Chronic Kidney Disease getting admitted in Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Pt.J.H.M.Medical College and B.R.A.M. Hospital, Raipur (C.G.) in the year 2007 were evaluated for metabolic syndrome as per the NCEP / ATP III criteria (three or more criteria): Fasting Blood Sugar > 110 mg/dl; Serum Triglycerides > 150 mg/dl; Serum HDL level < 50 in females and less than 40 in males; Blood Pressure < 130/85 mmHg; Abdominal Circumference > 88 cm in females and > 102 cm in males. Patients with stage 2 to stage 5 of Chronic Kidney Disease having GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m² body surface area (as per K/DOQI guidelines) were included in the study. Results: A total of 146 patients were studied of which 64% were males and 36% females. The mean age was 51±11.53 years. Fasting Blood Sugar > 110 mg/dl was found in 36.8% while < 110 mg/dl found in 63.2. Serum Triglyceride level > 150 mg/dl found in 54.25% while < 150 mg/dl in 45.75%. Serum HDL level (< 50 in females and < 40 in males) found in 14.82% while normal levels were found in 85.18% patients. Abdominal circumference (> 88 cm in females and > 102 cm in males) was found in 40.4% while 59.8% had normal Abdominal circumference. Blood Pressure > 130/85 mmHg was found in 65.8% while normal in 34.2%. Percentage of Patients having three or more criteria for metabolic syndrome was 52.6% while 47.4% did not have metabolic syndrome. Among the 146 patients studied, 20% expired of which 88.2% had metabolic syndrome. Among the patients having metabolic syndrome, the mortality rate was 26%. 80% of patients suffering from mortality were diabetics. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome was encountered in 52.6% of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Hypertension was the most consistent and common factor in patients with metabolic syndrome followed by serum Triglyceride level. Majority of the deceased patients were diabetics. Mortality is much more in patients having metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To study the level of inflammatory markers (C Reactive Protein, Serum Albumin, Serum Cholesterol) in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and comparison between Diabetics and Non -- diabetic patients with respect to these markers. Materials and Methods: All patients with Chronic Kidney Disease admitted in Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Pt.J.N.M.Medical College and B.R.A.M.Hospital, Raipur (C.G.) during the year 2007 were subjected to C Reactive Protein (qualitative assessment by agglutination method), Serum Albumin, Serum Cholesterol, Fasting Blood Sugar, Post Prandial Blood Sugar. Results: A total of 66 patients were studied of which 58% were males and 42% females. Diabetics comprised 18% and Non -- diabetics 82% of all cases. Mean age of the patients was 51±11.53 years. The mean Hemoglobin among the patients was 9.56±2.45 gm/dl. 53.4% were CRP Positive and 46.6% patients CRP negative. Serum albumin < 3.5 gm/dl was found in 62.25% and > 3.5 gm/dl was found in 37.75% patients. (SD 2.5, P value 0.01) Serum Cholesterol > 200 mg/dl in 54.66% and < 200 mg/dl in 45.34% patients (SD 56.5, z value 0.87). Among Diabetic patients, 75% were CRP Postiive and 25% CRP negative. 58.33% had cholesterol > 200 mg/dl among diabetic patients (p=0.1, z value 1.74). Serum albumin < 3.5 gm/dl was found in 83.33% patients with diabetes (z value 2.46, P=0.01). Conclusion: A significant proportion of Chronic Kidney Disease patients (53.4%) are CRP Positive. Hypoalbuminemia (S.Albumin < 3.5 gm/dl) is found in a great majority of Chronic Kidney Disease patients (62.25%) which is statistically significant (P= 0.01). Majority of Chronic Kidney Disease patients (54.66%) have hyperlipidemia (Serum cholesterol > 200 mg/dl). This percentage is still higher in Diabetics (58.33%). Among Diabetic subjects, 75% are CRP Positive. A significantly higher proportion of subjects with Diabetes (83.3%) have hypoalbuminemia (Serum albumin < 3.5 gm/dl) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To study the thyroid profile in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease from tribal areas of Chhattisgarh presenting to Medical College Hospital, Raipur. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 50 patients of Chronic Kidney Disease admitted in Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Pt.J.N.M. Medical College and B.R.A.M. Hospital, Raipur (C.G.) in 2007. All patients were subjected to routine investigations and Thyroid Function Tests. Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.5±10.2%. 66% patients were males and 34% females. Mean Hemoglobin was 9.5±2.1 gm/dl. Abnormal thyroid function tests were found in 22% patients. The mean age of the patients having abnormal thyroid function tests was 42.6±2.3 years. A decrease in serum TSH level was found in 22% patients. Among patients having abnormal Thyroid Function Tests, 36% were females and 64% males. Among patients having abnormal Thyroid Function Tests, 82% were non diabetic and 18% diabetic. Conclusion: The most common thyroid function test abnormality found was a Decrease in Serum TSH level. Of the patients having abnormal Thyroid Function Tests, 18% patients were having Diabetes Mellitus (Type II). 82% patients were non diabetic among the group having abnormal thyroid function tests. Thyroid function test abnormality was more common in patients with age 42.6±2.3 years. The prevalence of Thyroid function test abnormality among Chronic Kidney Disease patients was found to be 22%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]